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1.
Total global biodiversity is estimated at between 3 and 500 × 106 species of prokaryote and eukaryote organisms spread across 70 or more phyla. The marine macrofauna alone are estimated between 0.5 and 30 × 106 species and represents a broader range of taxonomic diversity than that found in the terrestrial environment, which has been the traditional source of natural products. With a typical eukaryote possessing 50,000 genes, the global marine macrofauna are the source of 2.5 × 1010 to 1.5 × 1012 primary products and an associated extensive range of secondary products. However, only a few thousand novel compounds from marine organisms have been described. These compounds have proven unique in chemical and pharmacological terms but, as yet, no therapeutic agents have resulted. Given a broader drug discovery strategy, and facilitated by technological advances, it is predicted that the characterisation of marine chemical diversity will be accelerated. Strategies for drug discovery from the virtually untapped chemical diversity of marine organisms are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Less, Inc. 相似文献
2.
一些损伤和疾病平时罕见,特殊情况下可以发生,造成严重危害。特殊情况主要包括严重事故、灾害、战争、恐怖主义活动以及特殊环境与特殊作业的危害等。本阐述了现代战争中发生的贫铀武器伤害、燃料空气炸弹伤害、微波武器伤害和战时精神疾病;可能源于恐怖主义活动的炭疽、天花;严重事故性伤害中的核事故、化学事故和煤矿事故伤害;严重灾害中的地震、海难(海战)落海伤害。中介绍了这些伤病的发生情况、伤害特点与医学救治。 相似文献
3.
Acute nonlymphatic leukemia among deck officers on coastal tankers: a report of two cases 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ralph I. Nilsson Jan Carneskog Bengt G. Jrvholm Rolf G. Nordlinder 《American journal of industrial medicine》1988,14(6):657-659
Deck officers on coastal tankers may be exposed to high concentrations of cargo vapors during loading and tank-cleaning operations. Two cases of acute nonlymphatic leukemia are described. Both men had worked as chief officers on coastal tankers transporting benzene and other petroleum products. 相似文献
4.
Viruses infecting algal hosts possess large double-stranded DNA as genomes. We have recently identified a family of viruses specific for filamentous brown algae. In contrast to the better known Chlorella viruses with their lytic infection cycle, marine brown algal viruses latently occur in their host cells and are induced to multiply in response to a variety of external stimuli such as change in light and temperature. Here, I summarize the known properties of this family of viruses and discuss their taxonomic classification. 相似文献
5.
František Moravec Sonia Ternengo Céline Levron 《Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland》2006,51(2):111-118
Gravid or subgravid females of the following three species belonging to the nematode genus Philometra were collected from marine perciform fishes of the Bonifacio Strait Marine Reserve, Corsica, France: Philometra justinei sp. nov. (prevalence 1.5%, intensity 11) and Philometra sp. (prevalence 3%, intensity 2) from the abdominal cavity and gonads, respectively, of the striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus (Mullidae), and Philometra serranellicabrillae Janiszewska, 1949 (prevalence 27%, intensity 2–6) from the gonads of the comber Serranus cabrilla (Serranidae). The newly described species, P. justinei, is mainly characterized by the absence of an anterior bulbous inflation of the oesophagus, body length of the gravid female
(196 mm), conspicuously large amphids, number and distribution of cephalic papillae, and the morphology of larvae. It is the
second known species of Philometra parasitizing fishes of the family Mullidae and the ninth species of this genus reported from marine fishes of the Mediterranean
region. P. serranellicabrillae, studied for the first time by SEM, is redescribed. 相似文献
6.
目的建立测定海鱼中无机砷含量的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法。方法海鱼样品经稀硝酸超声热水浴提取后,AS7阴离子交换色谱柱分离,3.5 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3+1%甲醇与100 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3+1%甲醇流动相梯度洗脱,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果在1~100μg/L的线性范围,6种砷形态化合物的回归方程均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均优于0.9996,检出限为0.05~0.25μg/L,定量限为0.17~0.84μg/L,3个浓度加标回收率为88.5%~106.4%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.9%。结论本方法满足海鱼中无机砷含量的测定要求,提取快速,稳定,操作简单,检出限低,方法的重现性好,灵敏度高。 相似文献
7.
目的:研究苦参碱的镇痛作用部位及机制.方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体法,观察用后扭体反应数,舔小足潜期及组织NO含量的变化.结果:苦参碱侧脑室注射(icv)0.25,0.5nm/kg,ip或iv3.75,7.5,15,30mg/kg均可显著减少小鼠扭体反应数,并呈量效关系;ip与iv同等剂量的苦参碱,对小扭体反应的抑制欧以iv为强,给药后各时段的ip抗扭体半数有数量(ED50)均大于iv抗扭体ED50,ip苦参碱7.5,30mg/kg可显著降低醋酸致痛小鼠脑组织NO含量,进一步研究发现苦碱延长小鼠舔小足潜伏期的作用可被沦钙所拮抗,而被维拉帕米所增强.结论:苦参碱的镇痛作用部位在中枢,其镇痛作用可能与影响Ca^2 内流和减少NO生成有关. 相似文献
8.
目的 研究海绵共附生链霉菌Streptomyces parvulus 162432的化学成分。方法 采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料(ODS)中压柱色谱和半制备高效液相色谱等技术进行分离纯化,得到的单体化合物采用HR-ESI-MS、NMR以及文献比对等方法进行鉴定,新化合物的绝对构型通过计算NMR和圆二色谱(ECD)确定。结果 从菌株Streptomyces parvulus 162432中分离纯化了9个环二肽类化合物,包括1个新化合物链霉菌二肽A(1)和8个已知化合物:环-(D-顺式-羟脯氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸)(2)、环-(D-脯氨酸-D-苯丙氨酸)(3)、环-(L-羟脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)(4)、环-(L-羟脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)(5)、环-(D-脯氨酸- L-亮氨酸)(6)、环-(L-脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)(7)、环-(D-脯氨酸-L-异亮氨酸)(8)、环-(L-亮氨酸-D-缬氨酸)(9)。对分离得到的化合物1~9进行肿瘤细胞增殖细胞毒和抗菌活性评价,活性结果显示,化合物1~9在10 μg/mL下对肿瘤细胞增殖均未显示出明显的细胞毒活性;化合物9对苏云金芽孢杆菌显示抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)为25 μg/mL。结论 化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和4~9为首次从链霉菌Streptomyces parvulus中分离得到,化合物9具有一定的抗菌活性。 相似文献
9.
Jorge O. Ares 《Ecotoxicology (London, England)》1994,3(4):249-270
The ability of decomposers to process variable amounts of xenobiotics in the marine sediment is a useful aggregate indicator of their capacity to prevent their accumulation and eventual ecotoxic effects. Since decomposition processes depend on environmental factors at the sediment which are difficult to mimic in laboratory systems, in situ evaluations in undisturbed sediments are of great interest. A method and its results are presented to evaluate the decomposition rates of PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) in coastal undisturbed marine sediments at different levels of pollution input. The method is based on the application of pulse chromatography concepts to interpret trap and bed sediment monitoring data obtained at regular time intervals, using models of the water column as an anisotropic carrying medium. The results are for a 14 month data series from moderately polluted sediments near an urban site and at a more distant nearly pristine site on the south Atlantic coast. QSAR (quantitative structure activity relations) indicate that decay rates increase with higher UV absorption and lipidic solubility. At low levels of total PAH input to the sediments (<0.05 g day–1 g–1), decomposition mechanisms effectively process these compounds within a few days. At higher input levels (up to 0.12 g day–1 g–1), decomposition lags behind the inputs by approximately 25% and PAHs accumulate in the sediment. In situ estimates of the PAH input/decay ratios provide reliable ecosystem indicators of a safe threshold for anthropogenic inputs of PAHs to the marine environment and a basis for receptor-based standards aimed at their regulation. 相似文献
10.
Ernest Hamel Andrei V. Blokhin Dale G. Nagle Hye-Dong Yoo William H. Gerwick 《Drug development research》1995,34(2):110-120
Curacin A is a newly isolated lipid natural product that binds in the colchicine site of tubulin and inhibits mitosis. We have examined its effects on tubulin polymerization, studied by turbidimetry, under three reaction conditions. In 1.0 M glutamate + 1.0 mM MgCl2, with a 37°C reaction temperature, we could find no concentration of curacin A that completely inhibited polymerization. A maximal inhibitory effect on turbidity development (about 50%) was observed with 5 m?M drug. Higher drug concentrations induced an abnormal polymerization reaction, which at 40 m?M differed little from the control reaction except for slightly delayed depolymerization in response to reducing the temperature to 0°C. In 0.8 M glutamate (no MgCl2), with a 30°C reaction temperature, complete inhibition did occur at 3–5 m?M drug, but higher drug concentrations again induced an abnormal polymerization reaction. With 40 m?M curacin A this reaction was also similar to the control reaction, except that cold-induced depolymerization was slightly enhanced relative to the control. When polymerization was induced by microtubule-associated proteins, maximal inhibition of turbidity development (about 70%) occurred with 2 m?M drug, with higher curacin A concentrations inducing abnormal polymerization reactions that reached about 60% of the control turbidity readings. Under all three reaction conditions the polymer induced by high concentrations of curacin A consisted of large aggregates of tightly coiled spiral fibers that had a 2–3 filament substructure. The implications of these findings with curacin A are discussed in terms of the use of tubulin polymerization assays as a screen for identifying new antimitotic drugs. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. 相似文献