Use of paracervical analgesia for outpatient hysteroscopic surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Twenty-five women receiving sedation for outpatient hysteroscopic polypectomy were injected with 0.25% bupivacaine 10 mL (paracervical group) and another 25 received the same volume of saline (control group) at the cervical fornix. Both groups were given target-controlled propofol sedation during the procedure. More propofol (mg/min) was needed for adequate anesthesia in the control group compared to the paracervical group (6.5 versus 4.6). In addition, the postoperative pain scores were lower in the paracervical group than in the control group. Hemodynamic changes and postoperative side effects were similar in the two groups. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study confirmed the effective use of paracervical blocks. This approach has the effect of reducing the amount of intraoperative propofol and decreasing postoperative pain in outpatient hysteroscopic surgery.     

Transvaginal ultrasound and diagnostic hysteroscopy as a predictor of endometrial polyps: risk factors for premalignancy and malignancy

The aim of this study is to assess accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and diagnostic hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial polyps and to determine premalignancy and malignancy rates in asymptomatic women. The study was designed to retrospectively analyze 438 women who underwent operative hysteroscopy in a day-care unit when endometrial polyp was suspected after TVUS and diagnostic hysteroscopy. Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed effects of age, previous breast cancer with tamoxifen treatment, and menopause with or without bleeding on pathologic results. The results indicate that positive predictive value of TVUS with diagnostic hysteroscopy was 79.9%. Premalignancy or malignancy occurred in 3.2% and was significantly related to menopause with abnormal bleeding (P < 0.001), which carried a 20-fold higher risk of pathology than any other group. Age was also a risk factor. It was concluded that TVUS with diagnostic hysteroscopy reliably evaluates endometrial polyps. The low incidence of endometrial tumors in asymptomatic (especially premenopausal) women suggests that their operative evaluation may not be cost effective. Larger studies are needed to support this tentative conclusion.     

宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术与单纯分段诊刮术诊断子宫内膜癌的比较

为比较宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术与单纯分段诊刮术在诊断子宫内膜癌中的临床意义 ,将经手术后病理证实的子宫内膜癌患者分为 2组 :宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮组 (A组 ) 3 1例 ;单纯分段诊刮组 (B组 ) 3 9例。比较 2组术前诊断子宫内膜癌的准确性及开腹手术时腹水细胞学的检查结果。 2组患者的年龄、临床病理分期、病理分级及组织学类型差异无显著性。A组诊断宫颈受累的准确率为 96.77% (3 0 / 3 1 ) ,假阳性率为 3 .2 3 % (1 / 3 1 ) ;B组分别为 79.49%(3 1 / 3 9) ,1 5 .3 8% (6/ 3 9)。 2组准确率比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。取腹水或腹腔冲洗液行细胞学检查。A组细胞学阳性率为 6.45 % (2 / 3 1 ) ,B组为 1 4.2 9% (3 / 2 1 ) ,2组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。提示 :宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术可提高术前诊断子宫内膜癌的准确性 ,从而避免不必要地扩大手术范围 ,而且不增加腹腔内播散的危险。     

An analysis of fluid loss during transcervical resection of submucous myomas

Objective: To determine the contribution of several variables to fluid loss during transcervical resection of submucous myomas.Design: An observational study using multiple linear regression analyses.Setting: A university-affiliated training hospital and a university department of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics.Patient(s): Patients with submucous myomas.Intervention(s): Transcervical resection of submucous myomas and monitoring of fluid loss.Main Outcome Measure(s): Patient age, uterine enlargement, treatment with GnRH analogues or 8-ornithine-vasopressin, type of anesthesia, number of myomas, intramural extension of the myoma (type of myoma), and operating time were tested as variables.Result(s): Only intramural extension of the myoma and operating time were obviously related to fluid loss. For the other variables, such a relation was weak at best. The relation between fluid loss and operating time was not modified by any of the other variables.Conclusion(s): Because fluid loss is an important limiting factor in the transcervical resection of submucous myomas, special attention should be paid to reduction of the operating time and preoperative assessment of the intramural extension of the myoma to guide appropriate patient selection.     

子宫内膜息肉的宫腔镜诊断和治疗价值

目的：阐明官腔镜对子宫内膜息肉的诊断和治疗价值。方法：对行宫腔镜检查的1676例患者中360例子宫内膜息肉进行研究分析，对其中的56例行经宫颈子宫内膜息肉电切术(TCRP)，术后3个月常规复查。结果：子宫内膜息肉的患病率为21．5％(360／1676)，绝经后子宫出血患者阳性病例为186例，其中子宫内膜息肉43例(23．1％)。结论：(1)子宫内膜息肉的临床特征以不规则阴道出血为主，绝经期则以绝经后出血为主；(2)绝经后妇女体内仍有雌激素持续作用；(3)宫腔镜是子宫内膜息肉诊断和治疗的首选方法。     

Case report: Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium: a rare cause of infertility and its hysteroscopic management

This case report presents a very rare and long-standing causeof infertility, osseous metaplasia of the endometrium, and describesits successful management by hysteroscopy. A woman with a historyof induced abortion 12 years ago, failed to conceive from thattime on. The infertility work-up was unrevealing except forthe presence of intracavitary calcification on ultrasonography.After diagnostic hysteroscopy, solid bony spicules coveringthe posterior wall of the endometrial cavity were removed bywire loop resectoscope. Histology established the diagnosisof osseous metaplasia of the endometrium. The patient conceivedin her second spontaneous cycle and has an ongoing pregnancyat the time of writing. Hysteroscopy was an effective meansof extracting this heterotopic tissue, thereby re-establishingfertility even after a long period of infertility.     

Flexible versus rigid endoscopes for outpatient hysteroscopy: a prospective randomized clinical trial

To evaluate patient acceptance, optical properties and the clinical feasibility of flexible compared with rigid hysteroscopes, 142 patients undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy were included in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. The flexible hysteroscope was used in 70 patients, and the rigid instrument in 72. At different stages of the hysteroscopy the level of pain experienced by the women was assessed using a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Optical properties characterized by the parameters intrauterine visibility, hysteroscopic view and diagnostic accuracy were ranked by the surgeons using a 5-point scale (1 = excellent to 5 = insufficient), and duration of the hysteroscopy was measured. Hysteroscopy was successful in 87.5 and 100% of patients in the flexible and rigid groups respectively. With the use of rigid telescopes, discomfort at introduction and during the hysteroscopy was significantly greater (median 1.7 versus 0.7, P = 0.003; 3.1 versus 1.2, P < 0.001 respectively), but optical properties were judged to be far superior (P < 0.001 for all three comparisons) and procedure time was significantly shorter (median 70 versus 120 s, P = 0.003). In conclusion, outpatient hysteroscopy seems to be less painful when using flexible telescopes. However, rigid hysteroscopes provide superior optical qualities and permit a more rapid performance with higher success rates at much lower cost.     

双极汽化电切技术在绝经后妇女宫腔内病变的应用

目的　探讨双极汽化电切技术在绝经后妇女的良性宫腔病变的应用。方法　患者为 2 0 0 1年 1 0月～ 2 0 0 3年 4月于我院妇科病房收治的接受宫腔镜手术治疗的绝经后妇女。术后病理诊断为子宫内膜息肉或粘膜下子宫肌瘤的患者共 1 0 4例。患者分为A、B两组。A组 5 4例 ,给予双极系统电切除手术 (TCRP或TCRM) ;B组 5 0例 ,给予单极系统切除手术。手术在连续硬膜外麻醉下进行 ,应用Versapoint系统 (Gynecare)和单极电切(Olympus)系统。所得组织均送病理检查 ,证实诊断。结果　患者平均年龄 6 3 0± 6 2岁 (4 8～ 74岁 ) ,平均绝经时间 1 2 4± 7 4年 ,阴道分娩次数 2 0± 1 2次 (0～ 4次 ) ,1 5 38% (1 6 / 1 0 4例 )无阴道分娩史 ,4 0 38% (4 2 / 1 0 4例 )单独合并高血压等心血管疾病 ,5 77% (6 / 1 0 4例 )单独合并糖尿病 ,另 5 77% (6 / 1 0 4例 )同时合并高血压和糖尿病。A、B两组患者在平均年龄、绝经时间和阴道分娩次数相匹配。比较两组的手术结果 :术后均未见复发 ;B组 1例患者手术中发现子宫穿孔。A组平均手术时间较B组缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ,差异有显著性。结论　在绝经后妇女的宫腔镜手术中 ,双极系统可以节省手术时间而且是比较安全 ,有效的。因此它在此类手术中有一定的发展前景     

宫颈息肉的宫腔镜诊断和治疗

目的解决宫颈息肉漏诊率高、复发率高的问题,对宫颈息肉采用宫腔镜下治疗。方法对359例宫颈糜烂患者用宫腔镜进行诊断和治疗。结果肉眼息肉诊断率为19.2%(69/359),而宫腔镜诊断率为50.7%(182/359,P<0.05)。宫腔镜能发现肉眼不易发现的息肉,诊断率大大提高。在宫腔镜的直视下切除息肉蒂部及其附着的浅肌层,1年息肉复发率明显下降为1.1%(2/182)。结论宫腔镜在宫颈息肉的诊断及治疗方面有较大优势。     

宫腔镜电切术治疗宫腔内良性病变328例临床分析

目的探讨宫腔镜电切术治疗宫腔内良性病变的疗效。方法使用宫腔电切镜治疗宫腔良性病变328例,术后随访2年。结果宫腔内占位性病变引起的异常子宫出血(AUB)术后症状改善率为99.0%,子宫内膜增殖症引起的功能失调性子宫出血(DUB)半年内症状改善率为97.8%(其中无月经占38.9%,月经减少占45.6%,月经正常占13.3%)。2年内症状改善率为83.3%(其中无月经占20.0%,月经减少占14.4%,月经正常占48.9%)。66例不孕症患者中17例妊娠,8例习惯性流产患者中2例足月分娩。不孕症患者术后妊娠率为25.7%,习惯性流产患者术后分娩率为25.0%,痛经患者术后症状消失或改善。结论宫腔电切镜治疗宫腔内良性占位性病变见效快,疗效显著。治疗DUB近期疗效好,远期疗效有待进一步观察。