Congenital cardiac malformations in Adams-Oliver syndrome

Whole genomic hprt clones were used in Southern analysis to screen the integrity of the hprt gene in a family that includes a patient with HPRT enzyme deficiency causal to Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. A 5 kb DNA sequence deletion was found to have its endpoints in the first and third introns. The probes identified the carrier status of female family members, aided by an RFLP carried by the mother's normal X-chromosome.     

The effect of high-intensity training on purine metabolism in man

The effect of intermittent high-intensity training on the activity of enzymes involved in purine metabolism and on the concentration of plasma purines following acute short-term intense exercise was investigated. Eleven subjects performed sprint training three times per week for 6 weeks. Muscle biopsies for determination of enzyme activities were obtained prior to and 24 h after the training period. After training, the activity of adenosine 5′-phosphate (AMP) deaminase was lower (P < 0.001) whereas the activities of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and phosphofructokinase were significantly higher compared with pre-training levels. The higher activity of HPRT with training suggests an improved potential for rephosphorylation of intracellular hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the trained muscle. Before and after the training period the subjects performed four independent 2-min tests at intensities from a mean of 106 to 135 % of Vo_max. Venous blood was drawn prior to and after each test. The accumulation of plasma hypoxanthine following the four tests was lower following training compared with prior to training (P < 0.05). The accumulation of uric acid was significantly lower (46% of pre-training value) after the test performed at 135% of Fo_2mM (P < 0.05). Based on the observed alterations in muscle enzyme activities and plasma purine accumulation, it is suggested that high intensity intermittent training leads to a lower release of purines from muscle to plasma following intense exercise and, thus, a reduced loss of muscle nucleotides.     

Spontaneous and oxidative stress-induced programmed cell death in lymphocytes from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT)

T cell lymphopenia in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with AT is mainly caused by a decrease of naive CD45RA+/CD4+ cells followed by a predominance of memory CD45RO+ lymphocytes. To relate these findings to the regulation of programmed cell death, we investigated the activation state and apoptotic level of PBL in 12 patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry. In accordance with previous investigations, the number of naive CD4+/CD45RA+ cells was significantly decreased in patients compared with healthy controls. This disturbed balance of CD45RA and CD45RO was also reflected in higher amounts of activated HLA-DR and CD95 expressing cells, with a concomitant decrease of Bcl-2 protected lymphocytes in the T cell population. With regard to its role in preventing oxidative-induced cell death, we analysed Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis in the presence of oxidative stress. In culture, cells of patients are more susceptible to spontaneous programmed cell death. However, in our stress-inducing system (hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system) the number of cells undergoing apoptosis was lower in patients' cell populations compared with controls. In addition, preliminary results suggest that Bcl-2 expression and level of spontaneous apoptosis in patients can be modified by IL-2 and interferon-gamma.     

吗啡对PC12细胞嘌呤核苷酸代谢相关酶基因表达的影响

目的：研究吗啡对神经细胞模型PC12嘌呤核苷酸补救合成酶与分解代谢关键酶基因表达的影响。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测暴露于吗啡不同时间的PC12细胞次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（HGPRT）、腺苷激酶（AK）和腺苷脱氨酶（AD A）mRNA的表达水平。结果：与相应时段对照组相比，PC12细胞暴露于吗啡12及24 h时，HGPRT mRNA水平均明显增高(P<0.05)，作用48 h时HGPRT mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05)，72 h后HGPRT mRNA水平再次升高(P<0.05)；吗啡处理的PC12细胞于12和24 h时，AK mRNA水平均明显降低(P<0.05)，作用48 h时AK mRNA水平升高(P<0.05)，72 h后AK mRNA水平恢复正常；ADA mRNA水平均表现为轻度降低，12 h差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论：吗啡影响神经细胞嘌呤核 苷酸代谢，使细胞内腺苷酸及腺苷水平增高，这可能是吗啡依赖和耐受形成的机理之一 。     

槲皮素、别嘌醇对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸水平及肝、肾功能影响的对比研究

对比研究槲皮素、别嘌醇对高尿酸血症大鼠的治疗作用并观察对肝、肾功能的影响。雄性SD大鼠,连续灌胃给药7 d,第5天采用次黄嘌呤法制备大鼠高尿酸血症模型。采用比色法、连续监测法、化学氧化法、酶联免疫吸附法等测定大鼠血清中尿酸(UA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、β₂-微球蛋白(β₂-MG)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、尿素及肌酐(Cr)含量。结果显示:别嘌醇能够显著降低大鼠血清尿酸水平(P<0.01),而槲皮素对血清尿酸无影响;槲皮素和别嘌醇显著降低大鼠ALT和AST水平(P<0.01),对TBIL和DBIL水平无明显影响,显著提高β₂-MG,Cys-C水平(P<0.01),别嘌醇治疗组大鼠血清尿素和Cr水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);造模组和给药组可见大鼠肾脏轻度病理组织学改变。结果表明:槲皮素对大鼠血清尿酸水平无明显影响,而别嘌醇降尿酸作用显著。造模和给药对肝功能均无明显影响,但造模可能导致肾功能不同程度的损害,槲皮素对轻度肾损伤未见明显的保护作用,别嘌醇给药后加重肾功能损伤。     

IL-33 receptor ST2 deficiency attenuates renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury in euglycaemic,but not streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic mice

Aim

Kidney hypoxia can predispose to the development of acute and chronic renal failure in diabetes. Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) causes inflammation, and diabetes is known to exacerbate this inflammatory response in the kidney, whereas alarmin IL-33 could act as an innate immune mediator during kidney IRI. Thus, the present study examined the impact of genetic IL-33 receptor ST2 deficiency (ST2?/?) on renal IRI in euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice.

恩再适注射液中咪唑丙烯酸、尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤及黄嘌呤的含量测定

目的:建立同时测定恩再适注射液中4个主要成分咪唑丙烯酸、尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤及黄嘌呤的高效液相色谱方法。方法:色谱柱为 Inertsil ODS 3柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.3%醋酸水溶液(1:99),流速:0.8 mL·min~(-1),柱温:25℃,检测波长:254 nm。结果:咪唑丙烯酸的线性范围为1.00～25.00μg·mL~(-1),平均回收率为101.5%;尿嘧啶的线性范围为0.995～19.50μg·mL~(-1),平均回收率为93.1%;次黄嘌呤的线性范围为0.20～5.00μg·mL~(-1),平均回收率为92.2%;黄嘌呤的线性范围为2.03～48.72μg·mL~(-1),平均回收率为97.0%。结论:本方法简便,准确,实现了多组分的快速同时测定,为制定恩再适注射液的质量标准提供了参考依据。