原钒酸钠对Ⅱ型糖尿病的降糖作用研究

目的　观察原钒酸钠对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用。方法　用高脂饲料灌胃正常大鼠 ,引起肥胖 ,测定血中游离脂肪酸浓度。同时应用正糖钳技术检测胰岛素抗性 ,对产生胰岛素抵抗的大鼠腹腔注射小剂量链脲菌素 (5 5mg·kg-1) ,然后筛选空腹血糖值大于 11 1mmol·L-1大鼠为糖尿病模型组。连续灌胃原钒酸钠 7d后 ,测定空腹血糖值。结果　①大鼠喂食高脂饲料后 ,正糖钳实验中维持血糖稳态所需胰岛素量增多 ,为 (0 5 4± 0 0 2 )U·min-1,高于正常组 (P <0 0 1) ;同时血中游离脂肪酸浓度增加 ,从正常 (0 4 6 9±0 0 4 7)mmol·L-1至 (1 5 32± 0 2 91)mmol·L-1(P <0 0 1) ;②原钒酸钠对正常大鼠的血糖值无影响 ,而对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值及糖耐量曲线下面积有降低作用 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　实验结果证明了原钒酸钠可以明显降低Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值 ,并且对糖耐量具有保护作用     

大叶紫薇叶中降血糖活性成分的筛选

为筛选大叶紫薇叶中具有降血糖活性的成分,采用3T3-L1细胞葡萄糖消耗模型作为检测手段,对大叶紫薇叶提取物采用HP-20树脂吸附、溶剂萃取、制备薄层分离和制备高效液相分离,导向筛选具有降血糖作用的各分离组分.结果发现,大叶紫薇叶中corosolic acid、熊果酸和总三萜具有降血糖活性.     

金芪降糖片联合西药治疗糖尿病对患者血浆ET-1和sICAM-1水平的影响

目的：探讨金芪降糖片对糖尿病患者血浆ET-1和sICAM-1水平的影响及临床应用价值。方法：金芪降糖片和降糖类西药同时服用治疗糖尿病，并与只服西药治疗组进行比较。采用酶联免疫法检测两组患者治疗前后血浆中血管内皮细胞活性因子ET-1和sICAM-1水平，同时观察血糖和血脂、HbA1c等各项指标的变化。结果：金芪组治疗后血糖和血脂、HbA1c均有显著变化（P〈0．05），对照组仅血糖有明显变化（P〈0．05）；金芪组治疗后ET-1和sICAM-1均显著降低，分别为P〈0．05和P〈0．01，对照组两者水平皆无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论：金芪降糖片通过降低糖尿病患者血浆中ET-1和s／CAM-1水平，从而保护患者的血管内皮细胞，在西药常规治疗糖尿病的基础上，再加以中药辨证施治，可以提高临床对糖尿病的疗效。     

Intravenous glycerol therapy should not be used in patients with unrecognized fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency

BACKGROUND: In Asian countries, glycerol solution that contains fructose (5%) is often used for management of brain edema. However, glycerol and fructose may cause severe hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis in patients with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency, even under stable conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether glycerol solution was used for brain edema during acute metabolic decompensation of hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis in patients with unrecognized FBPase deficiency in Japan and to examine a long-term prognosis of the patients who had this kind of severe metabolic decompensation with or without glycerol therapy. METHODS: A retrospective study of 20 children with FBPase deficiency was conducted, based on their medical records. RESULTS: Six of the 20 children were given glycerol solution for the presence or possibility of brain edema during acute metabolic decompensation of hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis; two of the six patients administered with glycerol were given dialysis. In four patients treated with glycerol alone without dialysis, two had no brain edema before glycerol administration but it developed later after the administration. These four patients treated with glycerol alone died or developed severe neurological complications. Fourteen patients who were not treated with glycerol solution had no brain edema and showed good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Glycerol solution, which contains fructose in Asian countries including Japan, should not be used as an osmotic agent for treatment of brain edema in patients who have hypoglycemia and retention-type metabolic acidosis, until FBPase deficiency is ruled out by measuring blood concentration of lactate.     

2001年—2003年第1季度北京地区门诊患者降血糖用药动态分析

目的 :了解北京地区糖尿病患者的用药需求 ,并对降血糖药物进行分析。方法 :采用《医院处方分析》课题 (北京地区 )2 0 0 1年～ 2 0 0 3年每年第 1季度门诊降血糖用药的处方数据进行比较。结果与结论 :通过统计 ,北京地区糖尿病患者人数不断增多 ,且人们更多选用了新型降糖药。在临床应用中 ,口服制剂以磺酰脲类用量居主导地位 ,而α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂用量逐年上升 ;使用基因合成人胰岛素较动物胰岛素的用量逐年增多 ,为控制糖尿病用药及合理应用提供了依据     

4种方案治疗2型糖尿病的成本—疗效分析

目的 :比较分析不同药物方案治疗 2型糖尿病的经济效果。方法 :把 171例 2型糖尿病患者分成 4组 ,分别以格列齐特(A)、二甲双胍 (B)、伏格列波糖 (C)、罗格列酮 (D)治疗 8周 ,观察其疗效 ,并运用药物经济学成本 -效果分析法对其进行评价。结果 :B方案为最佳方案。结论 :应选用费用最合理、疗效最好、安全性最佳的药物治疗 2型糖尿病     

麦冬总皂苷对实验性高血糖小鼠的降糖作用

目的：研究麦冬总皂苷对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法：麦冬总皂苷（100,200,400 mg/kg）灌胃,测定正常小鼠及由四氧嘧啶、肾上腺素、葡萄糖所致高血糖小鼠血糖水平。结果：麦冬总皂苷对四氧嘧啶、肾上腺素及葡萄糖引起的小鼠高血糖均有抑制作用。结论：麦冬总皂苷对实验性高血糖小鼠有明显的降糖作用。     

Critical Review for the Production of Antidiabetic Peptides by a Bibliometric Approach

The current bibliometric review evaluated recent papers that researched dietary protein sources to generate antidiabetic bioactive peptides/hydrolysates for the management of diabetes. Scopus and PubMed databases were searched to extract bibliometric data and, after a systematic four-step process was performed to select the articles, 75 papers were included in this review. The countries of origin of the authors who published the most were China (67%); Ireland (59%); and Spain (37%). The journals that published most articles on the subject were Food Chemistry (n = 12); Food & Function (n = 8); and Food Research International (n = 6). The most used keywords were ‘bioactive peptides’ (occurrence 28) and ‘antidiabetic’ (occurrence 10). The most used enzymes were Alcalase^® (17%), Trypsin (17%), Pepsin, and Flavourzyme^® (15% each). It was found that different sources of protein have been used to generate dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides. In addition to antidiabetic properties, some articles (n = 30) carried out studies on multifunctional bioactive peptides, and the most cited were reported to have antioxidant and antihypertensive activities (n = 19 and 17, respectively). The present review intended to offer bibliometric data on the most recent research on the production of antidiabetic peptides from dietary proteins to those interested in their obtention to act as hypoglycemic functional ingredients. The studies available in this period, compiled, are not yet enough to point out the best strategies for the production of antidiabetic peptides from food proteins and a more systematic effort in this direction is necessary to allow a future scale-up for the production of these possible functional ingredients.     

Synthesis and anti-diabetic activity of （RS）-2-ethoxy-3-{4-[2-（4-trifluoro-methanesulfonyloxy-phenyl）-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid

AIM: To synthesize and study the anti-diabetic activity of (RS)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (compound I). METHODS: Compound I was prepared in 6 steps, using 4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenol as the starting material. The in vitro selectivity and potency of target compound I, rosiglitazone and WY-14643 on human PPARalpha and PPARgamma were determined in reporter gene assays. In vivo, rosiglitazone and compound I were administered orally to KK(Ay) mice for 14 d. Insulin tolerance tests and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on the 10th and 14th day of treatment, respectively. At the end of the treatment, sera were collected for biochemical analysis. RESULTS: In vitro, compound I significantly activated both PPARalpha and PPARgamma. In vivo, compound I corrected the impaired insulin and glucose tolerance of KK(Ay) mice, and produced a significant reduction in plasma triglyceride levels after 14 d of treatment. The effect produced was significant compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Both in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic activity studies for compound I were conducted and the data suggest that this compound is a potentially effective anti-diabetic agent.     

小鼠口服多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体的降血糖作用小鼠口服多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体的降血糖作用

目的 研究壳聚糖和海藻酸钠两种多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体的小鼠po降血糖作用。方法 用逆相蒸发法制备胰岛素脂质体;用透射电镜和激光粒度仪测定它们的形态和粒径;用HPLC法和超速离心法测定包封率;用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶溶液试验多糖包覆脂质体对胰岛素的保护作用;用酶-苯酚法测定小鼠po多糖包覆胰岛素脂质体后降血糖作用。结果小鼠po 0.1%壳聚糖和0.1%海藻酸钠包覆的胰岛素脂质体具有较好的降血糖作用。结论壳聚糖或海藻酸钠包覆的脂质体能减少胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶对胰岛素的降解并促进胰岛素po吸收。