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目的：探讨6～18岁正常人群的元音声学特点,为腭裂患者语音治疗提供参考。方法选取2010年11月至2011年9月在南昌大学附属口腔医院正畸科初诊的6～18岁正常人60名（男、女各30名）,按年龄段分为3组（A组：6～12岁;B组：13～15岁;C组：16～18岁）,每组男、女各10名。采用VS-99语音工作站对各组研究对象发单元音/a：/、/i：/、/u：/时进行录音,并对其前3个共振峰（F1、F2、F3）及基频（F0）测量值进行比较分析。结果（1）3组间比较,发单元音/a：/、/i：/、/u：/时,F1、F2、F3及F0差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（2）3组内不同性别间比较,A组发各元音时的F1、F2、F3及F0差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;B、C组除F0差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）外, F1、F2、F3差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（4）3组间相同性别比较,女性发各元音时的F1、F2、F3及F0差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,男性F1、F2、F3差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而F0差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论发单元音/a：/、/i：/、/u：/时,随着年龄的增长,女性的F1、F2、F3及F0无明显变化;男性的F1、F2、F3无明显变化,但青春期前后,F0变化明显。我们对腭裂语音进行评估时,可考虑建立共同的F1、F2、F3参考值体系,但应根据年龄、性别而使用不同的F0参考值。     

A nose that roars: anatomical specializations and behavioural features of rutting male saiga

The involvement of the unique saiga nose in vocal production has been neglected so far. Rutting male saigas produce loud nasal roars. Prior to roaring, they tense and extend their noses in a highly stereotypic manner. This change of nose configuration includes dorsal folding and convex curving of the nasal vestibulum and is maintained until the roar ends. Red and fallow deer males that orally roar achieve a temporary increase of vocal tract length (vtl) by larynx retraction. Saiga males attain a similar effect by pulling their flexible nasal vestibulum rostrally, allowing for a temporary elongation of the nasal vocal tract by about 20%. Decrease of formant frequencies and formant dispersion, as acoustic effects of an increase of vtl, are assumed to convey important information on the quality of a dominant male to conspecifics, e.g. on body size and fighting ability. Nasal roaring in saiga may equally serve to deter rival males and to attract females. Anatomical constraints might have set a limit to the rostral pulling of the nasal vestibulum. It seems likely that the sexual dimorphism of the saiga nose was induced by sexual selection. Adult males of many mammalian species, after sniffing or licking female urine or genital secretions, raise their head and strongly retract their upper lip and small nasal vestibulum while inhalating orally. This flehmen behaviour is assumed to promote transport of non-volatile substances via the incisive ducts into the vomeronasal organs for pheromone detection. The flehmen aspect in saiga involves the extensive flexible walls of the greatly enlarged nasal vestibulum and is characterized by a distinctly concave configuration of the nose region, the reverse of that observed in nasal roaring. A step-by-step model for the gradual evolution of the saiga nose is presented here.     

计算机语音工作站在腭裂语音分析中的临床应用研究

目的 应用计算机语音工作站(CSL)研究腭裂语音的产生机制与语音学特点.方法 应用计算机语音工作站,对89例腭裂患者术前和术后的语音学特点进行了分析,并与87名正常儿童的语音特点进行了对照研究.结果 兰氏法与术前比较,无显著差异,P＞0.05,语音改善不明显;提肌重建术和软腭反向双"z"瓣移位术与术前比较,有显著差异,P＜0.05,语音改善明显.结论 利用CSL对腭裂语音的分析研究是行之有效的.     

非腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音的音声特点

目的研究非腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音的音声特点.方法采集68例非腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音、30例腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音和30例正常语音样本,测量其共振峰频率、带宽、音高、音强等声学特性值以及其语音清晰度,并进行对比分析.结果非腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音的8项声学特性值和正常组均有显著差异(P＜0.01),其语音清晰度为75.48%,明显高于腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音(35.00%).结论非腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音和正常语音有着不同的声学本质,其语音清晰度较腭咽闭合不全型腭裂语音为高.     

舌癌半舌切除患者前臂皮瓣修复与直接拉拢缝合术后语音功能的评价

目的探讨舌癌半舌切除后同期游离前臂皮瓣修复或直接拉拢缝合对患者术后语音功能的影响。方法选取40例接受半舌切除的舌癌患者,其中20例以游离前臂皮瓣修复,20例直接拉拢缝合。利用VS-99语音工作站对两组患者术前及术后1个月的6个汉语单元音共振峰进行分析比较。结果术前两组的元音共振峰除/i/F3外,其余均无明显差异。术后直接缝合组与皮瓣修复组相比,所有元音的F1、F2均无显著性差异,而F3除/u/外,其余五个元音均显著上升。结论对于半舌缺损的患者,直接缝合相对于皮瓣修复而言,术后腭咽闭合功能更好。     

一种辅助聋儿发声训练的辅音特征提取算法的研究

为了直观地给听力语言障碍者提供发音改进信息,本文研究了利用不送气塞音时域和频域的声学特征来进行特征提取的算法,并运用到辅音训练辅助系统中.系统采用语音信号处理的方法,显示由线性预测得到的时频分布语谱图,用共振峰跟踪技术追踪不送气塞音与后接元音之间过渡音征的共振峰轨迹.由时域特征与共振峰轨迹,判别发音是否准确,并用视觉反馈的方式提供给受训者发音改进意见.系统对10人(6男,4女)的三个不送气塞音/b/、/d/、/g/加上元音/a/的发音进行了测试,获得了良好的初步结果.     

扁桃体切除术引起嗓音改变的研究

目的:研究扁桃体手术前后咽腔的改变对患者嗓音的影响。方法:回顾性分析33例行扁桃体切除术的患者术前1d及术后4周的临床资料。将患者依据扁桃体体积分为2组:一度和二度患者为A组(18例),三度患者为B组(15例)。运用多维嗓音分析软件进行嗓音频谱分析,比较患者手术前后第一共振峰(F1、B1)、基频、频率微扰、振幅微扰、谐噪比的变化。结果:①33例患者扁桃体手术前后F1、B1比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组患者手术前后B1比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组患者手术前后B1、F1比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②33例患者扁桃体手术前后基频、频率微扰、振幅微扰比较均差异无统计学意义,谐噪比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扁桃体手术前后共鸣腔的变化会引起患者嗓音的变化,主要改变为共振峰频率及带宽的改变,并且扁桃体体积越大,改变就越明显。     

共振峰信息在汉语声调感知中的作用

目的探讨言语频域共振峰信息在汉语普通话声调识别中的作用。方法采用线性预测编码（linearprediction coding,LPC）技术将单音节字的频域包络（即共振峰信息）与精细结构（即基频谐波信息）分离,合成128个只具有频域包络信息的＂单音节字＂。使用这些＂单音节字＂测试20例听力正常受试者的声调感知能力。结果听力正常受试者依靠共振峰信息识别三声的正确率为69%,识别二声的正确率为42%,识别一声和四声的能力均低于机会值（25%）,声调的平均识别率为36%。只依靠共振峰信息,三声与二声的识别容易混淆,一声与四声较易误识别成二声与三声。结论共振峰信息（尤其是第一共振峰）可以为声调识别提供一些线索,但不起主要作用。     

Acoustic analysis of snoring sounds originating from different sources determined by drug-induced sleep endoscopy

Objective: To discuss the possibility of fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequency (FF) to generally differentiate the sources of snoring sounds determined by drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).

Methods: A total of 74 snoring subjects underwent DISE and snoring sounds were recorded simultaneously. The noise-suppressed snoring sounds were analyzed and classified into different groups based on the sources of vibration identified by DISE. F0 and FFs were calculated.

Results: Totally, 516 snoring sounds from three vibrating sources (the palate, combined the palate and the lateral wall, the lateral wall) of 47 patients were divided into three groups then analyzed. The levels of F0 and FFs for each group follow the order: Group 1?p?Conclusions: F0 and the second formant frequency (F2) are found to be significantly lower in palatal snoring sound. F0 might be a significant in distinguishing palatal snoring sound from non-palatal snoring sound. F2 is more significant than F1 and F3 in identifying the sources of the snoring sounds but is less sensitive than F0.     

不同舌重建术患者语音功能的声学分析

目的评价不同舌重建术式的舌癌患者手术前后语音功能。方法30例舌癌患者据重建术式分组:前臂皮瓣修复组,直接拉拢缝合组,胸大肌皮瓣修复组,对患者手术前后语音清晰度及6个汉语单元音前3个共振峰频率(F1、F2、F3)进行分析比较,并对各个组的评价结果进行团体t检验。结果前臂皮瓣修复组患者元音/o/F1、/i/F1、/u/F1、//F1、//F2变化与直接拉拢缝合组相比,其变化值有统计学差异;语音清晰度下降值两者间无统计学差异。前臂皮瓣修复组/a/f3,/o/f3,/e/f2,/e/f3,/i/f2,/i/f3、/u/f2、/u/f3、//f2、//f3;直接拉拢缝合组/a/f3、/e/f3、/i/f3、/u/f1、/u/f3、//f2、//f3,带蒂胸大肌皮瓣修复组/i/f2与清晰度变化相关性较好。结论半舌以内进行舌切除的舌癌患者,不同的修复方式之间语音功能无差异,手术前后语音清晰度变化与频谱分析结果两者之间有较好的相关性。