Hematological malignancy and pregnancy: a single‐institution experience of 21 cases

The incidence of hematological malignancies during pregnancy is low, and treatment in this setting is problematic. This study observed 21 pregnancies in 18 patients with hematological malignancies. Patients’ ages were between 19 and 43 (median 25) years. Two pregnancies ended with spontaneous abortion, one pregnancy ended with in utero death, three therapeutic abortions were carried out, and 15 infants were born alive but three of them died later. The median birth weight was 2.47 kg. Twelve babies survived to a median age of 36 (range 4–117) months. Eight babies were exposed to chemotherapy during the in utero period. One baby was exposed to chemotherapy during all the trimesters and was born prematurely and later died because of intracranial bleeding. Four babies were exposed to chemotherapy during the first trimester, one of them had low birth weight and floating thumb malformation, two of them had only low birth weight, and one was born healthy, but died at 3 months of age as a result of severe gastroenteritis. Two babies were exposed to chemotherapy during the second and third trimesters; one of them had low birth weight, and the other pregnancy ended in in utero death. One infant was exposed to chemotherapy during the third trimester and was born at term, but died because of pulmonary hemorrhage. We concluded that chemotherapy during all trimesters of pregnancy carries a significant risk for an unfavorable outcome.     

浮膝损伤的临床治疗研究

目的：探讨浮膝损伤的治疗方法。方法：对2002年10月到2006年9月收治的48例浮膝损伤,在积极治疗各种危及生命的并发症的基础上均早期予以骨折内固定,术后加强患肢功能锻炼。结果：随访6个月-2年,平均1年2个月,按Karlstrom评定标准,优34例,良10例,可4例,优良率91.7%。方法：浮膝损伤患者在生命体征平稳后均应根据骨折类型和患者的个体差异尽早选择手术并早期功能锻炼。     

球囊漂浮电极床旁临时心脏起搏的临床评价

目的探讨球囊漂浮电极床旁心脏临时起搏方法的可行性。方法对216例因多种心律失常需要临时心脏起搏的患者应用球囊漂浮电极导管进行心脏临时起搏，通过分析起搏心电图图形特点和术中并发症，判断该起搏方法的可行性。结果216例患者穿刺及送管均获成功，无严重并发症发生。3例起搏后死于原发病，9例起搏后自身心律未恢复安置永久起搏器，2例心房颤动合并PR长间期患者起搏后安置永久起搏器，38例行预防起搏。结论在体表心电图的指导下应用球囊漂浮电极导管进行心脏临时起搏是一项安全有效、可行的起搏方法，操作简便、快捷、成功率高，值得临床广泛应用。     

流动人口艾滋病知识、态度及高危行为分析

目的了解流动人口艾滋病防治知识、相关态度和高危行为状况,为开展流动人口的艾滋病干预模式研究提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法抽取2个街道,对所抽取街道内的流动人口在知情同意的情况下进行面对面的问卷调查。所有资料经Epidata3.02录入后用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。结果共调查400人,其中男性210(52.5%)人,女性190(47.5%)人,平均年龄(29.1±10.2)岁。调查发现,流动人口对艾滋病的3种传播途径知晓高,均在80%以上,但对艾滋病的非传播途径知晓率较低。获取艾滋病防治知识的主要途径是报刊杂志、广播电视、宣传画及宣传资料和向医生咨询。64.5%的人与固定性伴发生性关系时从不使用安全套。与非固定性伴发生性关系时只有14.1%的人每次都使用安全套。结论流动人口艾滋病防治知识缺乏,多性伴和安全套使用率低是艾滋病在流动人口中流行和蔓延的重要因素。     

漂浮药物传递系统的新进展——中空微球

目的介绍漂浮药物传递系统的新进展———中空微球,就胃排空的机理、中空微球的制备及体内外表征作一综述。方法查阅相关文献,进行整理和归纳。结果该剂型可以延长药物在胃内的滞留时间,改善药物吸收,从而提高生物利用度。结论中空微球作为漂浮药物传递系统的一种新剂型,具有广阔的发展前景     

双嘧达莫阿司匹林胃内漂浮片的研究

采用均匀设计优化双嘧达莫阿司匹林胃内漂浮片的处方工艺,用HPLC测定释放度,并观察制品的体外漂浮性.结果表明,5～7kg硬度的片剂有良好的体外漂浮,体外释药曲线符合Higuchi方程.     

Spatial accessibility to colonoscopy and its role in predicting late‐stage colorectal cancer

ObjectiveTo better determine the relationship between spatial access to colonoscopy and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, our objective was to examine the agreement of the classic, enhanced, and variable two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) methods in evaluating spatial access to colonoscopy and to compare the predictive validity of each method related to late‐stage CRC. 2SFCA methods simultaneously consider supply/demand of services and impedance (ie, travel time).Data SourcesColonoscopy provider locations were obtained from the South Carolina Ambulatory Surgery Database. ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) level population estimates and area‐level poverty level were obtained from the American Community Survey. Rurality was determined by the United States Department of Agriculture''s Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes. Individual‐level CRC data were obtained from the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry.Study DesignUsing the classic, enhanced, and variable 2SFCA methods, we calculated ZCTA‐level spatial access to colonoscopy. We assessed agreement between the three methods by calculating Spearman''s rank coefficients and weighted Kappas (Κ). Global and Local Moran''s I were used to assess spatial clustering of accessibility scores across 2SFCA methods. We performed multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine the association between spatial accessibility to colonoscopy, area‐ and individual‐level factors, and late‐stage CRC.Principal FindingsWe found strong agreement (Weighted Κ = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.79‐0.86) and identified similar clustering patterns with the classic and enhanced 2SFCA methods. There was negligible agreement among the classic/enhanced 2SFCA and the variable 2SFCA. Across all 2SFCA methods, regression models showed that spatial access to colonoscopy, rurality, and poverty level were not associated with greater odds of late‐stage CRC, though Black race was associated with late‐stage CRC across all models.ConclusionsNone of the 2SFCA methods showed an association with late‐stage CRC. Future studies should explore which elements (spatial or nonspatial) of access to care have the greatest impact on CRC outcomes.     

左旋多巴微囊漂浮片的处方优选

摘 要 目的： 优选左旋多巴微囊漂浮片的处方。方法: 高效液相色谱法测定左旋多巴与苄丝肼的含量,以漂浮片释放度得分为指标,采用正交试验优选左旋多巴微囊漂浮片的处方,并对其体外释药特性进行评价。结果: 建立的测定左旋多巴胃内漂浮片中左旋多巴与苄丝肼含量的高效液相色谱法,符合方法学要求。优化的微囊漂浮片处方组成为硬脂酸：主药：丙烯酸树脂：HPMC=2∶5∶2∶1,平均片重为550 mg。验证试验结果表明该微囊漂浮片具有漂浮、缓释、可分剂量使用等特性。结论: 优选出的复方左旋多巴微囊漂浮片处方合理,生产工艺稳定、可行。     

Polymeric nanofibers: targeted gastro-retentive drug delivery systems

Background: Conventional oral dosage forms exhibit poor/low bioavailability due to incomplete release of drug and short residence time at the absorption site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) is particularly used to improve bioavailability of the drugs, which have narrow absorption window down in the levels of gastrointestinal tract and also to treat local disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to describe the utility of the nanofibers as gastro-retentive dosage form. From last few decades, formulation scientists have put extensive efforts to develop suitable gastro-retentive drug delivery system, which is appropriate for commercialization. Current approaches used for preparation of gastro-retentive drug delivery system offers limited functional features to control the floating behavior. Recently, an extensive research has been developed to improve the gastric residence time by using nanofibers, which ultimately leads to the increased bioavailability of the drug. Multiple functional features and unique properties of nanofibers improve its gastro retention.

Conclusion: Nanofiber system provides stomach-specific drug release for longer duration; moreover, increased local action of the drug due to prolonged contact time with the gastric mucosa. Thus, the nanofiber system promises to be the potential approach for gastric retention drug delivery system.