ALTERED HEPATIC METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS IN RATS FED A HYPOLIPIDAEMIC DRUG, FENOFIBRATE

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary fenofibrate (0.05% in the diet) on ketone body production and lipid secretion in isolated perfused rat liver. Feeding with fenofibrate for 7–9 days caused an increased liver weight. Ketone body production was significantly greater in the livers perfused with oleic acid than in those perfused without fatty acid, with the elevation of the ratio ofβ-hydroxybutyrate:acetoacetate indicating an increased redox potential in mitochondrial compartments by exogenous fatty acid. On the other hand, fenofibrate feeding caused a further stimulation of ketone body production from both endogenous and exogenous fatty acid substrates, respectively, with a decreased ratio ofβ-hydroxybutyrate:acetoacetate as compared to respective control livers, indicating a decreased redox potential. Hepatic secretion of triglyceride, but not of cholesterol, was decreased markedly in the fenofibrate-fed rats, especially when oleate was provided, suggesting an inverse relationship between rates of ketogenesis and triglyceride secretion. These results suggest that the altered hepatic metabolism of long-chain fatty acids between oxidation and esterification caused by fenofibrate may thus be a factor responsible for the decreased secretion of triglyceride, hence leading to hypotriglyceridaemiain vivo.     

非诺贝特对培养的兔脂肪细胞表达凝血和纤溶因子的影响

目的探讨非诺贝特对培养的兔脂肪细胞表达组织因子(TF)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)的影响.方法取正常兔脂肪组织分离培养脂肪细胞,以不同浓度(分别为0,1,10和100μmol/L)非诺贝特孵育兔脂肪细胞24 h后收集细胞.RT-PCR测定脂肪细胞TF和PAI-1 mRNA表达.用ELISA方法测定TF和PAI-1浓度.结果不同浓度非诺贝特均可抑制兔脂肪组织细胞TF和PAI-1的表达和蛋白产生,其抑制作用呈浓度依赖性增强.在非诺贝特10μmol/L培养时兔脂肪细胞TF和PAI-1 mRNA分别为(0.504±0.016)和(1.500±0.096),明显低于对照[分别为(0.579±0.018)和(1.607±0.063),均P＜0.01].在非诺贝特100μmol/L培养时兔脂肪细胞TF和PAI-1 mRNA分别为(0.451±0.023)和(1.269±0.084),与对照比显著降低(均P＜0.001).结论非诺贝特能抑制兔脂肪细胞TF和PAI-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,提示非诺贝特可能具有独立于降脂作用外的抗血栓作用.     

Effect of micronized fenofibrate (Lipanthyl-200M) on cholesterol synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes in hyperlipidemic patients with coronary heart disease

The rate of cholesterol synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and plasma lipid and lipoprotein spectra are studied in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemias (IIa and IIb hyperlipidemias according to Frederickson classification).¹⁴C-acetate incorporation into cholesterol in peripheral blood lymphocytes is considerably higher in patients with type IIb hyperlipidemia. Lipanthyl-200M reduces the rate of cholesterol synthesis in lymphocytes of both groups. A direct correlation is established between serum triglyceride level and the rate of cholesterol synthesis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 569–573, May, 1998     

非诺贝特体外溶出度考察及其微粉化制剂的研究

目的考察不同厂家非诺贝特固体制剂体外溶出度以及微粉化对非诺贝特溶出度的影响。方法分别以 40 % (φ)乙醇溶液、5 0 % (φ)乙醇溶液、5g/L十二烷基硫酸钠溶液、1 0g/L十二烷基硫酸钠溶液为溶出介质 ,对 4种市售非诺贝特固体制剂的体外溶出度进行考察。采用球磨机制备微粉化非诺贝特 ,对其溶出度进行测定。结果 1 0 g/L十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中微粉化制剂的溶出速率明显快于其余 3种非微粉化制剂 ,初步探讨了非诺贝特固体制剂体外溶出度标准。用相似因子法对自制微粉化胶囊和法国生产的微粉化胶囊的溶出实验数据进行统计分析 ,结果表明两者溶出行为相似 ,相似因子f2 =72 4(5 0≤f2 ≤ 1 0 0 )。结论不同厂家非诺贝特固体制剂的溶出度差异较大 ,微粉化工艺能显著提高非诺贝特的溶出度     

非诺贝特和辛伐他汀对酒精性脂肪肝血清游离脂肪酸谱的影响

目的　研究非诺贝特和辛伐他汀对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型血清游离脂肪酸谱的影响。方法　以酒精灌胃加橄榄油饮食的方法建立酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型 ,模型组分为非诺贝特治疗组 (80mg·kg-1)、辛伐他汀治疗组 (4mg·kg-1)以及未治疗组。 4wk后处死大鼠 ,用气相色谱方法测定血清游离脂肪酸谱。结果　非诺贝特治疗组明显改善由乙醇引起的血清多不饱和脂肪酸的降低 [油酸 :(38 2 12± 7 788) μg·L-1vs (31 6 2 0± 6 14 2 ) μg·L-1,亚油酸 :(37 2 6 9± 8 0 6 5 ) μg·L-1vs (30 2 5 4± 9 0 6 3) μg·L-1,花生四烯酸 :(11 6 4 6±2 6 0 1) μg·L-1vs (9 0 12± 1 2 36 ) μg·L-1) ;同时肝脏病理改善。辛伐他汀治疗组则加重血清多不饱和脂肪酸的降低 ,并使饱和脂肪酸增加。结论　非诺贝特和辛伐他汀对酒精性脂肪肝血清游离脂肪酸谱作用不同 ;血清多不饱和脂肪酸在酒精性脂肪肝的发病机制以及治疗反应中可能起着重要的作用     

代谢综合征患者胰岛素抵抗与游离脂肪酸的变化及非诺贝特的干预

目的观察代谢综合征（MS）患者胰岛素抵抗（IR）和游离脂肪酸（FFA）的变化及非诺贝特对其影响。方法入选30例MS患者，给予非诺贝特治疗12周，采用放射免疫法和酶比色法测定治疗前后空腹血清胰岛素和FFA水平及空腹血糖、血脂，计算IR指数。另选30例正常人作为对照。结果MS患者HOMA—IRI和FFA较正常人明显升高（P分别〈0．01和〈0．05）。经非诺贝特干预后，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显升高（P〈0．01），甘油三酯、IR指数、FFA均明显下降（P分别〈0．01，〈0．01及〈0．05）。结论非诺贝特能够明显降低MS患者血清甘油三酯水平，升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，改善IR，其机制可能与降低血清FFA浓度有关。     

非诺贝特对糖尿病大鼠肾功能改善作用及抗氧化应激机制

目的研究非诺贝特对糖尿病大鼠肾功能的改善作用及其机制。方法大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg·kg-1制备糖尿病模型,随机分为对照组、模型组,非诺贝特低、中、高剂量(20,40,80mg·kg-1)组,每组10只,每天灌胃给予相应剂量的非诺贝特,于第8周末测尿白蛋白(Alb)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和肌酐;腹主动脉取血,测定血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)。取出肾脏,一部分肾组织用4℃生理盐水冲洗后,称重研磨制成匀浆,再离心,取上清液测定MDA、SOD活性、GSH活性、NO含量、NOS活性和Na-K-ATP酶活性。另一部分肾组织光镜下检测组织病理学变化。结果与对照组相比,模型组Alb和RBP明显升高(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS、GSH和SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05)、MDA含量明显升高,Na-K-ATP酶活性降低(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤严重。与模型组相比,非诺贝特80mg·kg-1组Alb和RBP明显降低(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS、GSH-Px和SOD活性明显上升、MDA含量明显下降,Na-K-ATP酶活性升高(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤减轻。结论非诺贝特能降低糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤起保护作用,这可能与提高肾脏抗氧化应激损伤有关。     

The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS): a study conducted in cooperation with the World Health Organization

Summary The incidence of coronary artery disease is greatly increased in those with diabetes mellitus. The largest number of those who have coronary artery disease have non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Lipoprotein abnormalities have been identified among the several risk factors that could account for this increase in atherosclerosis. There have been many studies demonstrating that correction of dyslipoproteinaemias will reduce the risk of coronary disease in non-diabetic populations. Current advice to those with diabetes is based on extrapolations from such studies. However, the justification for this, and the treatment targets are unclear as there has been no direct test of the lipid hypothesis in diabetes. This paper describes the protocol of the first intervention trial designed to examine directly whether correcting dyslipoproteinaemia in men and women with NIDDM will reduce their coronary artery disease. The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS), is a multinational angiographic study using the 200 mg micronized form of fenofibrate in a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1655–1661]     

Exploring the feasibility of the use of biopolymers as a carrier in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions – Part I: Gelatin

Biopolymers have rarely been used so far as carriers in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) to overcome poor solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In an attempt to enlarge our knowledge on this topic, gelatin, type 50PS was selected. A screening study was initiated in which twelve structurally different poorly soluble biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) Class II drugs (carbamazepine, cinnarizine, diazepam, itraconazole, nifedipine, indomethacin, darunavir (ethanolate), ritonavir, fenofibrate, griseofulvin, ketoconazole and naproxen) were selected for evaluation. Solid dispersions of five different drug loadings of these twelve compounds were prepared by lyophilization and evaluated for their solid state properties by mDSC and XR(P)D, and in vitro dissolution performance. Even without any process optimization it was possible to form either fully amorphous or partially amorphous systems, depending on the API and API to carrier ratio. Hence in this respect, gelatin 50PS behaves as any other carrier. Dissolution of the API from the solid dispersions significantly exceeded that of their crystalline counterparts. This study shows the potential of gelatin as a carrier to formulate amorphous solid dispersions.     

非诺贝特片仿制药与原研药溶出度一致性评价研究

目的 建立非诺贝特片溶出度曲线测定方法,评价国内10家仿制药产品与原研药品溶出曲线的相似性。方法 用含0.025 mol·L^-1 SDS的pH 1.0盐酸溶液、pH 4.0缓冲液、pH 6.8缓冲液和水溶液4种溶出介质,分别考察非诺贝特片仿制药与原研片的溶出状况,并通过计算相似因子（f₂）评价溶出曲线的相似性。结果 国内仅1家企业产品与原研片在4种溶出介质中的溶出曲线均相似,其余企业产品与原研片相比溶出行为均不一致。结论 该方法适用于非诺贝特片的溶出曲线测定,可为非诺贝特片质量一致性评价提供参考。