人工麻黄种植地杂草消长规律研究

在位于银川市西南部,距银川市直线距离12km,经过人工治理原始风沙荒漠1999年建成的2万亩人工麻黄草种植基地上,以麻黄种植年限为指标,选择4年生麻黄、3年生麻黄和2年生麻黄,在每次人工除草前采用倒置“W”9点取样法进行杂草种类调查;在地势低洼区、高地势区、地势平坦区、土壤粘重区和土壤40cm有钙积层区按五点法布设观测样方,每10d观测一次小区内杂草种类和数量。全年麻黄田共有杂草22种,其中阔叶杂草15种占杂草总量的5.5%,禾本科杂草7种占杂草总量的94.5%。多年生阔叶杂草有4月中旬至5月中旬和5月下旬至7月上旬两个萌发期。一年生阔叶杂草有4月下旬至7月中旬和8月中旬至9月下旬两个萌发期。一年生禾本科杂草有5月中下旬至6月中旬和8月下旬至9月初两个萌发期。     

麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究进展

目的：阐述麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究现状,为麻黄的临床应用提供新的思路。方法：查阅麻黄属植物相关研究文献,总结其化学成分及临床应用概况。结果：麻黄中主要的化合物有麻黄碱类、挥发油类、黄酮类、多糖类和少量的有机酸。目前在麻黄属植物麻黄中麻黄碱的应用十分广泛,除以中药配方应用于临床,已有60余种化学药品以盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱作为有效成分,主治咳嗽。对其挥发油类、黄酮类的临床应用研究不多。麻黄联合化学药品共同使用,弥补了传统中药配方煎熬过程中有效成分的丢失,可以使治疗效果更明显。麻黄多糖抗炎、镇痛、对免疫的影响作用机制尚不确定,有待进一步研究。结论：麻黄作为传统中药,具有较大的药用价值,将为其临床应用提供新的思路。     

麻黄附子细辛汤联合常规疗法治疗感染后咳嗽的临床研究

目的探讨麻黄附子细辛汤治疗感染后咳嗽的临床效果。方法选取漯河市郾城区惠生堂门诊部和河南省漯河市第三人民医院呼吸内科于2017年5月—2018年10月诊治的感染后咳嗽患者240例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组患者120例实施常规治疗(退热、吸氧、补液等),观察组患者120例联用麻黄附子细辛汤(紫苏子9 g,射干9 g,地龙9 g,炙麻黄6 g,细辛6 g)治疗,于治疗前后行生化指标(C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-4)检测和症状(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)评分,比较两组患者的症状(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)改善时间、临床效果(显效、有效、无效、总有效)、不良反应情况(恶心呕吐、头晕头痛、胃肠道反应)。结果两组治疗后C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-4、症状评分(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-4、症状评分(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组症状改善时间(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)早于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率(99.2%,119/120)高于对照组(90.0%,108/120)(P<0.05)。结论麻黄附子细辛汤治疗感染后咳嗽的效果显著,可缩短治疗时间并改善病症,值得临床推广使用。     

淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠影响

目的通过研究淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对冰水浴联合注射牛血清白蛋白所致急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠的影响,探究淫羊藿配伍麻黄的利水作用及淫羊藿发挥利水作用的物质基础。方法先将SD雄性大鼠置于代谢笼内适应性喂养3 d。随机取10只大鼠作为空白对照组,其余大鼠于实验第1~3天冰水浴至大鼠四肢僵硬先造成大鼠风寒感冒模型;再于实验第4天和第11天早上9∶00按150 mg·kg^-1给大鼠腹腔注射牛血清白蛋白(BSA),空白对照组则注射等量的生理盐水。取造模成功大鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别为:模型组,麻黄+生淫羊藿组,麻黄+多糖组,麻黄+非黄酮组,麻黄+大极性黄酮组,麻黄+小极性黄酮组。各组大鼠从实验第15天开始按照10 mL·kg^-1灌胃给予相应试剂,空白组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续灌胃20 d。收集实验大鼠第34天24 h尿液,大鼠处死后,测定尿蛋白、血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、血小板指标含量。取肾脏组织用于做病理切片并于HE染色。结果麻黄+生淫羊藿组尿蛋白含量由显著性下降(P<0.05),血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、中性粒细胞百分比有极显著性下降(P<0.01);部分肾小球周围有少量的炎性细胞,炎性细胞浸润有所减轻。麻黄+非黄酮组血清肌酐、白细胞数量、中性粒细胞百分比有显著性下降(P<0.05),尿蛋白、血清尿素氮水平有极显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球肿胀有所减轻,有囊腔变小。麻黄+大极性黄酮组中性粒细胞百分比有极显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球依旧有肿胀,炎性细胞浸润减少。麻黄+小极性黄酮组血清尿素氮、中性粒细胞百分比有及显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球肿胀有减轻,肾小球附近的炎性细胞浸润有减少。麻黄+多糖组肾小球依旧充血肿胀,依旧有炎性细胞浸润,有肾小管扩张。结论淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠有较好的治疗作用,且疗效为:麻黄+非黄酮组>麻黄+生淫羊藿组>麻黄+小极性黄酮组>麻黄+非极性黄酮组>麻黄+多糖组,淫羊藿主要利水作用物质基础为非黄酮成分。     

《伤寒杂病论》麻黄煎法研究

《伤寒杂病论》之用麻黄,其先煎与否,非常灵活机动,要视病情、体质和用量大小及其配伍情况而定。一般而言：欲大汗猛汗者,则不必先煎去沫;欲缓发慢散,务去邪以尽者,必当先煎去沫;体质弱或用量小者,必须先煎去沫;而体质壮实,用量较大者,则勿须先煎去沫;配伍单纯,不相互牵制者,应予先煎去沫;而配伍复杂,有相畏、相杀、相恶者,则不必先煎去沫。     

从体质角度辨识桂枝汤证与麻黄汤证

桂枝汤和麻黄汤常用于外感太阳中风证和伤寒证的治疗,两方证的区分依据主要是症状和病因。从体质角度入手,重点介绍了桂枝汤证体质和麻黄汤证体质的具体内涵、联系和区别,并阐述体质辨识两方除治疗外还具有预防和保健的意义。     

加味麻黄附子细辛汤的组方合理性与药物配比剂量研究

以变应性鼻炎小鼠为模型,采用均匀设计法,探讨加味麻黄附子细辛汤组方合理性及配比剂量。结果各药物在鼻敏康组方中的重要性地位依次为:附子>黄芪>防风>麻黄>细辛>白术;附子、黄芪、防风、细辛的用量与疗效呈正相关,即用量较大时疗效较好;麻黄、白术的用量与疗效呈负相关,即用量较少时疗效较好;麻黄与细辛、黄芪与附子间的交互作用呈正相关;麻黄与黄芪、黄芪与白术间的交互作用呈负相关,组方时应适当增加或减少相关药物的用量。     

Effects of the ephedra alkaloid methylephedrine on the basal evoked potential transportation and the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat hippocampal dentate granule cells in vivo

Objective The effect of the ephedra/ephedrine alkaloid methylephedrine(dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride for testing in this paper)on cognitive related synaptic plasticity was investigated by recording extracellular field evoked potentials and its LTP in hippocampal dentate granule cells in urethane-anaesthetized rats in vivo.Methods Single pathway recording of evoked field potentials was made from the dentate granule cells of hippocampal hemisphere in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral medial perforant path(MPP).Two parameters,the amplitude of population spike(PS amplitude)and the latency of the PS,were employed to evaluate the effects of drug on the overall changes in cellular responses.Results The present study show that methylephedrine 90 mg·kg-1 intraperitoneally,about 1/3 LD50,could increase the latency of the PS in hippocampal dentate granule cells by constant single stimulation of the MPP as the basal ransportation.However,the 30 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1 dosage had no effect on the latency,and there are no influences of PS amplitude for all examinational groups.The methylephedrine 90 mg·kg-1 group significant enhanced the development of amplitude LTP in hippocampal dentate granule cells that induced by 60 Hz,60 pulses conditional tetanus in medial perforant path area.Also,the 30 mg·kg-1 group can promoted the maintenance of LTP induced by this tetanus,but no promotion on PS amplitude LTP appeared in this dosage and no any changes been found in 10 mg·kg-1 dosage group.Conclusions The ephedra/ephedrine alkaloid methylephedrine can modulate the synaptic plasticity in the lateral perforant path.A possible mechanism of methylephedrine on hippocampal LTP is been discussed.     

Modelling the cardiovascular effects of ephedrine

AIMS: Recent reports have called into question the safety of ephedra supplements especially with regards to their cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize, via pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling, the cardiovascular effects of ephedrine, the main active ingredient of ephedra, in apparently healthy, overweight volunteers. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, eight subjects received either placebo, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) ephedrine sulphate by mouth with a 7-day washout between treatments. Plasma ephedrine concentrations, heart rate and blood pressure were determined for 8 h postdose. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of ephedrine were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The percentage change in heart rate was described by a linear model with a resulting slope of 0.14%.l microg(-1) (CV = 59%). The percentage change in systolic blood pressure demonstrated clockwise hysteresis, and a sigmoidal tolerance model was used to describe the data. The mean maximum predicted effect (Emax) was 53.7% (CV = 41%) with an EC50 of 107 microg.l(-1) (CV = 65%) and an inhibitory maximum (Imax) of 39.8% (CV = 60%). Tolerance developed with a mean half-life of 15 min (range 6-140 min). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to apply a comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to the cardiovascular effects of orally administered ephedrine. Although systolic blood pressure increases quickly after administration, the increase is nearly abolished by compensatory mechanisms.     

三二饮治疗小儿急性支气管肺炎疗效观察

目的 观察三二饮治疗小儿怠性支气管肺炎的临床疗效.方法 将166例小儿急性支气管肺炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各83例,治疗组以三二饮煎剂联用西药治疗,对照组用西药治疗,治疗7 d后观察疗效.结果 治疗组主要症状和体征消失时间明显短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异亦具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 三二饮联合西药治疗小儿急性支气管肺炎疗效优于单纯西药治疗.