Treatment of Colored Effluents with Lignin-Degrading Enzymes: An Emerging Role of Marine-Derived Fungi

Some of the industries that discharge highly colored effluents are paper and pulp mills, textiles and dye-making industries, alcohol distilleries, and leather industries. Terrestrial white-rot basidiomycetous fungi and their lignin-degrading enzymes laccase, manganese-peroxidase and lignin peroxidases are useful in the treatment of colored industrial effluents and other xenobiotics. Free mycelia, mycelial pellets, immobilized fungi or their lignin-degrading enzymes from terrestrial fungi have been reported in treatment of several effluents. Marine obligate or facultative (marine-derived) fungi may have unique properties but have not been explored sufficiently for this purpose. This article presents a critical review of bioremediation potential of such fungi and their lignin-degrading enzymes in comparison with the state-of-the-art in terrestrial white-rot fungi.     

正交试验优化苦豆子多糖的双氧水脱色工艺研究

目的：优化苦豆子多糖的脱色条件。方法以多糖脱色率和多糖保留率为指标,考察双氧水（H2O2）对苦豆子多糖溶液的脱色效果。通过单因素试验考察H2O2脱色方法中双氧水加入量、脱色时间、脱色温度和pH值对苦豆子多糖脱色效果的影响,进一步采用正交试验确定苦豆子多糖脱色的最佳条件。结果 H2O2对苦豆子多糖最佳脱色条件为脱色温度60℃,调节pH 5,加入1.0%的H2O2,脱色反应3 h。在此条件下经验证,多糖脱色率和多糖保留率可分别达到29.83%、71.12%。结论 H2O2脱色具有较好的脱色效果,可为生产出高品质的苦豆子多糖提供依据。     

Production of laccase from Pleurotus florida using agro‐wastes and efficient decolorization of Reactive blue 198

Pleurotus florida NCIM 1243 produced laccase as the dominant lignolytic enzyme during the dye decolorization. Banana peel was the best substrate for extracellular laccase production under solid state fermentation when compared to mandarin peel and cantaloupe peel. The maximum activity of laccase (5.4 U/g) was detected on the 10 day. The ratio of banana peel: mandarin peel: cantaloupe peel (5:2:3) showed increased production of laccase (6.8 U/g). P. florida produced two extracellular laccase isoenzymes (L1 and L2). The half life of laccase at 60 °C was 2 h and at 4 h it retained 25% residual activity. P. florida laccase showed high thermostability and an interesting difference was noticed in the behavior of laccase isoenzymes at different temperature. The L1 isoenzyme of laccase showed remarked thermostability at 60 °C in the native PAGE when compared to L2 isoenzyme. The optimum pH, temperature and enzyme concentration for maximum decolorization was found to be 4.5, 60 °C and 1.2 U/ml, respectively. Partially purified laccase enzyme showed excellent decolorization activity to Reactive blue 198. The maximum decolorization (96%) was observed at lower dye concentrations (50–100 ppm) which decreased markedly when the dye concentration was increased beyond 150 ppm. The thermostable laccase of P. florida could be effectively used to decolorize the synthetic dyes in the textile effluent and other biotechnological applications. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

玉米须多糖脱色工艺条件的研究

目的探讨玉米须多糖脱色的工艺条件。方法以活性炭和过氧化氢为脱色试剂,对玉米须多糖进行脱色试剂用量、脱色时间和加热温度等因素的考察,在单因素基础上进行正交试验。结果活性炭和过氧化氢对玉米须多糖脱色的最佳条件是：活性炭用量为2％,脱色时间为80min,加热温度为60℃,脱色率是14．76％,损失率是13．01％;过氧化氢的样液比为1：0．15,脱色时间2h,加热温度50℃,pH值为6,脱色率是90．7％,损失率是18．80％。结论过氧化氢对玉米须多糖脱色的效果优于活性炭。     

Optimization of laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus IMI 395545 using the Taguchi DOE methodology

Production of laccase using a submerged culture of Pleurotus orstreatus IMI 395545 was optimized by the Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiments (DOE) methodology. This approach facilitates the study of the interactions of a large number of variables spanned by factors and their settings, with a small number of experiments, leading to considerable savings in time and cost for process optimization. This methodology optimizes the number of impact factors and enables to calculate their interaction in the production of industrial enzymes. Eight factors, viz. glucose, yeast extract, malt extract, inoculum, mineral solution, inducer (1 mM CuSO₄) and amino acid (l‐asparagine) at three levels and pH at two levels, with an OA layout of L18 (2¹ × 3⁷) were selected for the proposed experimental design. The laccase yield obtained from the 18 sets of fermentation experiments performed with the selected factors and levels was further processed with Qualitek‐4 software. The optimized conditions shared an enhanced laccase expression of 86.8% (from 485.0 to 906.3 U). The combination of factors was further validated for laccase production and reactive blue 221 decolorization. The results revealed an enhanced laccase yield of 32.6% and dye decolorization up to 84.6%. This methodology allows the complete evaluation of main and interaction factors. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

离子交换树脂对三七叶总皂苷的脱色精制研究

目的：采用离子交换树脂法脱色，精制大孔吸附树脂吸附分离得到的三七叶总皂苷。方法：静态吸附筛选适用的离子交换树脂，动态吸附流出曲线比较了2种阴离子交换树脂（D296，Dt）的脱色性能；固定床柱操作方式阳离子交换树脂和阴离子交换树脂串联进行平行脱色实验。结果：Dt树脂的循环使用性能好，对三七叶总皂苷的脱色率近90％，获得品质好含量高的三七叶总皂苷产品。结论：离子交换树脂法脱色工艺，适用于精制三七叶总皂苷。     

黄孢原毛平革菌合成锰过氧化物酶的工艺

研究了多种营养条件及培养条件对黄孢原毛平革菌 (Phanerochaetechrysosporium )WX2 13合成锰过氧化物酶的影响 .当培养基中葡萄糖质量浓度为 10 g/L ,酒石酸铵质量浓度为0 .2 g/L,吐温 80质量浓度为 1g/L ,MnSO4 ·H2 O为 0 .14g/L ,采用苯二甲酸缓冲液 ,最终pH 4 .5 ,2 5 0mL的三角瓶装液量 90mL ,接种量为 1.2× 10 6mL- 1时所获酶活较高 .经条件优化后锰过氧化物酶的活力达到 5 5 9U/L ,比未优化前提高了 36% .加入染料培养 ,发现该酶对所选用的偶氮染料、三苯甲烷类染料、杂环类染料均有较好的脱色效果     

活性炭纤维吸附塔用于硫酸庆大霉素脱色的中试研究

设计了用于硫酸庆大霉素脱色工艺的活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附塔(径高比为1∶4),进行动态吸附脱色和活化再生的中试研究,并考察中试工艺对成品质量的影响.结果表明,选用具有较高比表面积(2 000 m2/g)的ACF、装填2 kg的吸附塔,活化再生45次后吸附能力仍能达到初始吸附能力的80％.采用本中试工艺和现有767型药用活性炭脱色工艺分别处理平均效价为2.5×105 u/ml的庆大霉素转盐液2.25 m3,中试工艺的活性炭纤维累积单耗3.56g/(1×109 u),所得产品符合中国药典2010年版,而现有工艺的活性炭平均单耗为1 kg/(1×109 u).     

复方黄连注射剂脱色工艺研究

目的 确定制备复方黄连注射剂的最佳脱色工艺方法和条件.方法 以复方黄连注射剂未脱色药液为原料,以脱色率、工艺成本、脱色后药液的气味变化及对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)等为评价指标,对活性炭吸附法、铅盐沉法、氧化铝吸附法、石灰乳沉淀法、硅胶吸附法5种方法进行综合评价.结果 经过综合分析,确定最佳脱色方法为硅胶吸附法.通过正交试验,确立硅胶吸附法的最佳工艺条件为硅胶用量35％,温度40℃,时间30 min,在该条件下脱色率为35.98％,复方黄连注射剂对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为7.8 mg/mL.结论 用正交设计确定的硅胶吸附法最适脱色条件可实现复方黄连注射剂的有效脱色.     

Beyond冷光美白技术治疗氟斑牙48例即刻疗效及随访分析

目的 研究Beyond冷光美白技术治疗氟斑牙的即刻疗效及随访分析结果。方法 选择2012年2月至2013年6月沈阳市和平区牙病防治所收治的氟斑牙患者48例,应用Beyond冷光美白技术进行脱色治疗,人工比色分析即刻疗效,并随访12个月后观察疗效。结果 48例患者经治疗后,显效39例,有效7例,无效2例,有效率为95.83%。其中5 例出现牙齿敏感,所有患者均未出现牙龈损伤等并发症,8例患者治疗后出现牙齿无力感,无需用药处理,多在1 d内自行消除。随访结果显示,12个月后治疗有效率为91.67%,其中重度患者疗效下降较为明显。结论 Beyond冷光美白技术对轻、中度氟斑牙近远期疗效均显著。