苯作业工人白细胞降低者的总估校正现患率

选择乡镇工业苯作业工人４次外周血白细胞计数中的间隔半年的两次数据，应用俘获再俘获法，计算其白细胞降低者的总估校正现患率（ＡＣＰＲ）。结果苯接触组为３６．８ｌ％（２９．１４％～４４．４８％），对照组为１２．７１％（７．２０％～１８．２２％）具有显著差异，其相对危险度为２，９。用常规法求得的４次检出率分别是：苯接触组为２６．３７％，１８．７３％，２７．９３％，３６．７６％；对照组为６。８５％，７．３８％，７．９４％，１５．００％。均在其ＡＣＰＲ之９５％可信限内，可见ＡＣＰＲ计算方法简便、结果准确，值得推广。对于稳定的人群，可用其每年一次的健康监护资料计算ＡＣＰＲ。     

职业性慢性轻度苯中毒诊治分析

目的 对长期慢性接触苯及同系物患者进行职业病诊断.方法 依据卫生部《职业健康监护管理办法》中的《职业健康检查项目及周期》中的要求,对患者进行职业健康检查,依据GBZ68-2002《职业性苯中毒诊断标准》的有关规定对患者进行复查.结果 该患者在3个月内每1～2周复查1次全血,白细胞计数持续低于4×109/L并常有头晕、头痛、乏力、失眠、记忆力减退等症状,依据GBZ68-2002《职业性苯中毒诊断标准》诊断为职业性慢性轻度苯中毒.结论 长期慢性接触苯可引起造血系统损害.     

Occupational exposure of deck crews to carcinogenic agents on crude oil tankers

Occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents on the decks on six Norwegian crude oil tankers was examined in five harbors. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the need for improving the working environment on deck on these tankers. Technical arrangments and the work itself on the deck were observed during loading or unloading. Occupational monitoring was performed by active sampling of benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some aldehydes. The crew answered a questionnaire concerning their work, use of protective equipment, and occurrence of acute symptoms. The levels of air-borne carcinogenic agents were low, probably due to closed loading systems on all tankers. However, the seamen reported discomfort during the work that may be related to other chemical agents in the cargo. The seamen were frequently painting with lead chromate paint without using personal protective equipment. This type of chemical exposure should be evaluated.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new alkyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]benzene derivatives

Several alkyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido] (CEU) benzene derivatives were prepared as potential anticancer agents. These new compounds were readily prepared in good yields by addition of anilines to 2-chloroethylisocyanate. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), human colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo) and mouse lymphocytic leukemia (P388D₁) tumor cell lines. Several new CEUs were significantly more cytotoxic than the nitrogen mustard chlorambucil. The biological activity of these aromatic urea derivatives seems to be related to the nature and position of the alkyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Substitution by branched alkyl groups on position 4 of the aromatic ring led to cytotoxic molecules which are up to 5 times more potent than the standard chlorambucil.     

庆余肾气丸,复方丹参片中农药多残留分析

采用气相色谱法测定庆余肾气丸、复方丹参片中六六六，ＤＤＴ残留含量，以六六六，ＤＤＴ各异构体和代谢物衡量，方法的检测极限可达１．８×１０－４～８．０×１０－３μｇ／ｇ；方法回收率总均值分别在９１．４３％±１．７％，和９０．８８％±２．８４％；检测变异系数为０．２７％～９．９３％。样品测定结果显示，庆余肾气丸、复方丹参片中有机氯农药残留量皆低于世界各国的限量标准。     

急性苯中毒对小鼠末梢血象和骨髓细胞构成的影响

取３２只２～３个月的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小白鼠，随机分为４组，每组８只，第１组为对照组，其余３个组为实验组，实验组小白鼠左腿皮下注射苯０．３ｍｌ（１５ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重）．注射后分别于２４ｈ，４８ｈ，７２ｈ脱颈处死。观察中毒前、后末梢血象、骨髓细胞、骨髓细胞构成的变化。结果表明，苯中毒时骨髓变化先于末梢血象的变化，骨髓的病变为造血细胞变性、坏死，大量毛细血管扩张、充血，骨髓细胞构成降低，而且骨髓细胞构成中细胞成分降低早于外周血粒细胞减少。     

Acute nonlymphatic leukemia among deck officers on coastal tankers: a report of two cases

Deck officers on coastal tankers may be exposed to high concentrations of cargo vapors during loading and tank-cleaning operations. Two cases of acute nonlymphatic leukemia are described. Both men had worked as chief officers on coastal tankers transporting benzene and other petroleum products.     

Effect of benzene and its homologs on unit activity in various brain structures

Department of Normal Physiology, Irkutsk Medical Institute (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR K. V. Sudakov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 7, pp. 17–19, July, 1990.     

An investigation of the DNA-damaging ability of benzene and its metabolites in human lymphocytes,using the comet assay

Benzene and five of its known metabolites—muconic acid, hydroquinone, catechol, p-benzoquinone, and benzentriol—were examined for DNA damage in human lymphocytes using the alkaline Comet assay, and conditions were optimised to determine responses. Metabolic activation (S-9 mix) was included in the assay for varying times to try to enhance effects. In addition, the effects of catalase were investigated as it is known to be present in S-9 mix reducing oxidative damage, and some benzene metabolites are known to react through oxygen radical mechanisms. Effects were also examined in cycling cells to determine whether they were more sensitive to damage then noncycling cells. Comets were measured either by eye or by image analysis. Data have been presented according to length of treatments. When Comets were measured by eye after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the positive control, and each compound for 0.5 hr, only H lymphocytes. When comets were measured by image analysis, a 0.5-hr treatment with H₂O₂ and benzenetriol and catechol confirmed results analysed by eye, with S-9 mix greatly reducing responses. When treatments were increased to 1 hr in the presence and absence of S-9 mix, benzene at a 5-fold increased dose produced a significant positive response but not at the lower dose. When treatment times were increased to 2 and 4 hr, doses were also increased, and muconic acid, hydroquinone, catechol, and benzoquinone in the presence of S-9 mix showed positive time and dose-related responses, and at the highest dose of benzoquinone the morphology of the nucleus was affected. Effects tended to become more pronounced at high doses and after longer exposures, although this was not always consistent from experiment to experiment. In conclusion, benzene and all metabolites investigated gave positive responses. Where altered responses were observed, they were significantly different from the corresponding controls. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

慢性苯中毒患者34例骨髓象的临床观察

目的　通过对慢性苯中毒患者骨髓象分析,了解其临床类型特点。方法　按诊断标准对患者进行分组诊断,３４ 例患者均进行骨髓穿刺,选取材、涂片、染色好的骨髓片计数有核细胞２００ 个,进行分类并观察细胞形态。结果　除２ 例再生障碍性贫血（ 简称再障） 患者外,其他患者均表现骨髓增生活跃或明显活跃,但各组患者粒红比值均数低于正常值均数。骨髓增生异常综合征（ Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ） 患者骨髓中原粒和早幼粒细胞百分率高于正常,分别为５ ．０８ 和７ ．８５（ 正常参考值分别为０ ．６４ 和１ ．５９） ,粒细胞和红细胞有细胞形态异常和核畸形。结论　慢性苯中毒可以导致 Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ,慢性重度苯中毒患者 Ｍ Ｄ Ｓ 发病率高于再障,应考虑将骨髓象检查列为苯中毒诊断的必要项目。