茵陈提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达的影响及其肾脏保护作用

目的：探讨茵陈提取物（HACE）对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因（PTEN）表达的影响,阐明HACE对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用的药理学机制。方法：采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠模型。30只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（6只）、模型组（12只）和HACE组（12只）,HACE组大鼠每天1次灌胃给予HACE（5 g·kg^-1）,对照组和模型组大鼠每天1次灌胃给予等量生理盐水。给药4个月后检测各组大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率和尿总蛋白排泄率,HE染色观察大鼠肾组织病理形态表现,PAS和Masson染色检测肾小球细胞外基质（ECM）分布情况,免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达分布情况,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠肾脏组织中PTEN蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组比较,HACE组大鼠肾小球系膜区扩大、PAS及Masson阳性染色物质聚集和基底膜增厚等现象明显减轻,24h尿白蛋白排泄率明显降低（P<0.05）,尿总蛋白排泄率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。免疫组织化学染色检测,对照组大鼠肾组织PTEN蛋白表达量较高,模型组大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达量降低,HACE组大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达量趋向正常。Western blotting法检测,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肾皮质中PTEN蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,HACE组大鼠肾皮质组织中PTEN蛋白表达水平明显升高（F=5.06,P<0.05）。结论：HACE提高大鼠肾脏组织中PTEN蛋白的表达可能是其对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制之一。     

Impact of Family History of Substance Abuse on Admission Opioid Dose,Depressive Symptoms,and Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Pain

The objectives of this study were to examine association between a family history of substance abuse and admission morphine equivalent dose, depression and pain catastrophizing screening scores, as well as reported personal history of substance use. The retrospective research was completed in an interdisciplinary three-week pain rehabilitation center. The subject cohort included admissions from January through December 2014 with 351 datasets for family history of substance abuse and oral morphine equivalency and 341 for depression, pain catastrophizing and use of substances. Outcome measures included admission self-reported data on family history of substance abuse and past and current substance use, admission morphine equivalency dose, and scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. One hundred forty-seven patients were using opioid medications on admission and those with a positive family history of substance abuse had an oral morphine equivalency (M = 92.12, SD = 95.32) compared to a negative history (M = 80.34, SD = 64.86); the difference was not statistically significant, t (120.01) =.87, p = .39. Patients with a positive family history reported higher levels of both depression, t (327.40) = 3.15, p = .002 and pain catastrophizing, t (338) = 2.76, p = .01. Those with a positive family history endorsed greater frequency of past alcohol use χ² (1, N = 326) = 6.67, p = 0.1 and marijuana use χ² (1, N = 341) = 4.23, p = .04 and past χ² (1, N = 329) = 9.90, p = .002 and current tobacco use χ² (1, N = 327) = 8.81, p = .003. Use of family history of substance abuse information may help provide data for multimodal treatments of chronic non-cancer-pain. The findings from this study can be used to guide future research.     

张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中茵陈品种初探

笔者通过研究张锡纯的生活地域,行医地域,探究张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中茵陈这味药的来源。虽然仍然无法最终确定张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中所用茵陈的品种究竟为何,但至少可以确定:1张锡纯所用茵陈的分布范围应包括华北东北一带,所以主要在南方才被称作茵陈的品种,可判定其并非镇肝熄风汤中所用。2由于生长周期的差异,可以判定这里的茵陈并不是现代植物学意义上的青蒿,也即并非菊科植物黄蒿,张锡纯在《医学衷中参西录》里记载"青蒿之幼苗"等语当有其他原因,因此并不能用现代意义上的青蒿的嫩苗来代替茵陈。3从性状上对比,不论是在分布地域上与张氏生前活动地域有所重叠的玄参科植物阴行草,还是药典所载的菊科植物滨蒿和茵陈蒿,与张锡纯所载茵陈都有所出入。因此亦不能简单认为张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中所载茵陈便是现代植物学意义上的茵陈。     

Influence of chitosan coating on the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles in rats

Gold nanoparticles are one of the most extensively investigated metallic nanoparticles for several applications. It is less toxic than other metallic nanolattices. The exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity of gold make it possible to be administered as non-invasive radiofrequency irradiation therapy that produces sufficient heat to kill tumor cells. Nanoparticles are generally administered intravenously instead of orally due to negligible oral absorption and cellular uptake. This study evaluated the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles coated with chitosan (C-AuNPs), a natural mucoadhesive polymer. We employed traditional method of evaluating bioavailability that involve estimation of maximum concentrations and area under the curve of 3?nm chitosan coated gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs) in the rat plasma following intravenous and oral administrations (0.8?mg and 8?mg/kg body weight respectively). The oral bioavailability of C-AuNPs was found to be 2.46% (approximately 25 folds higher than polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles, reported earlier). These findings suggest that chitosan coating could be better than PEG coating for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of nanoparticles.     

VEGF189基因合成、原核表达及鉴定

目的 获得编码VEGF189蛋白的基因,并通过原核表达系统表达VEGF189融合蛋白.方法 应用SOE PCR技术合成VEGF189基因,克隆入pET-32a(+)原核表达载体,转化E coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,表达产物经HisTrapTM HP亲和柱层析纯化,测定蛋白浓度.结果 DNA测序分析表明,合成的VEGF189基因与文献报道相一致.在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达的Trx-VEGF189融合蛋白,以包涵体和可溶2种形式存在.表达产物可被兔抗鼠VEGF多抗特异识别.经HisTrapTM HP亲和柱纯化,获得纯度达85%的融合蛋白.结论 成功合成VEGF189基因,并在原核表达系统中获得高表达,为研制高效抗肿瘤的VEGF抗体和疫苗奠定了前期基础.     

微波辅助萃取艾叶中总黄酮的工艺研究

对艾叶进行微波辅助处理,考察微波作用对艾叶总黄酮提取的影响。实验中以总黄酮的提取量为考察指标,考察微波功率、微波作用时间、溶剂用量、水浸泡时间等因素的影响。结果表明,艾叶用微波火力640W、微波作用时间7min、固液比1∶8(g/mL)及浸泡时间20min,为艾叶总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件。     

循环miR-189对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断意义和价值

目的:探讨血浆中miR-189在系统性红斑狼疮(system lupus erythematosus,SLE)组与正常对照组的表达量是否存在差异,以及循环miR-189对SLE潜在的诊断价值.方法:收集SLE患者为疾病组(n=40),设立正常对照组(n=23).抽提标本总RNA,并逆转录为cDNA,采用TaqMan探针法进行Rea-time PCR检测,观察miR-189的表达变化.结果:通过比较分析SLE组miR-189的表达量高于正常组,有统计学意义(P=0.001).对miR-189诊断特异性和敏感性分析得出受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)下面积AUC=0.798±0.055,有一定的诊断价值,同时将miR-189表达量与SLEDAI评分、抗ds-DNA和激素使用剂量作相关性分析,都无明显相关.结论:血浆游离miR-189可以作为一个SLE的潜在诊断标志物,有助于SLE的早期诊断,使患者得到早期的治疗.     

GC-MS鉴别清热抗感颗粒中青蒿、荆芥穗和薄荷

[目的]采用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)同时鉴别清热抗感颗粒中的青蒿、荆芥穗和薄荷。[方法]采用SPB-5(30m×0.25mm×0.32μm)MS弹性石英毛细管柱,程序升温,以EI离子源和四极杆质量分析器进行分析。以清热抗感颗粒与青蒿、荆芥穗、薄荷的挥发油的总离子流色谱图(TIC)图谱相比较。[结果]从清热抗感颗粒中提取的挥发油中鉴别出来自青蒿的α-愈创木烯、金合欢烯、芹子烯等,来自荆芥穗的胡薄荷酮和来自薄荷中的薄荷醇等主要挥发性成分。[结论]GC-MS可同时鉴别复方中药制剂清热抗感颗粒中含挥发性成分的组成药味。     

Altered states of cardiac beta-adrenoreceptors

Beta-adrenergic agonists are believed to alter beta-adrenoreceptors to an active conformation, and sometimes to a desensitized state. Beta-antagonists are thought to bind without causing either activation or desensitization. To examine these states further, the stability of occupied and unoccupied receptors to inactivation by heat and enzymatic digestion was studied. Binding of (−)-[³H]dihydroalprenolol was used as the criterion for receptor stability. Both (−)-isoproterenol (50 μM) and (±)-alprenolol (20 μM) markedly stabilized beta-receptors in cardiac membranes to heat. Remarkably, no inactivation was seen in the presence of the agonist during incubations of membranes at 50° for 1 hr, and the binding properties of the receptors were unchanged after removal of isoproterenol. In contrast, both ligands potentiated degradation of beta-receptors by -chymotrypsin. The results provide evidence for three different physical states of cardiac beta-receptors: unoccupied, agonist-occupied, and antagonist-occupied. (No attempt was made to distinguish active from desensitized receptors.) We hypothesize that both ligands may increase portrusion of the receptor protein from the membrane surface, and we suggest that (−)-isoproterenol is a useful agent for stabilizing beta-receptors.     

青梅感冒冲剂中的五指柑和青蒿的薄层色谱鉴别

目的：研究青梅感冒冲剂中五指柑、青蒿的薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法：分别取五指柑药材、青蒿药材、青梅感冒;中剂及阴性制剂的乙酸乙酯提取液,在硅胶薄层板上五指柑以ψ(甲苯：丙酮)=8：2为展开剂展开,青蒿以ψ(苯：乙酸乙酯：水)=5：2：0．1为展开剂展开,在紫外灯(365nm下)检视。结果：在两者供试品色谱中与各自对照药材色谱相应位置上,均有相应的斑点,阴性制剂色谱图中无此斑点。结论：该法专属性强,为该制剂增加质量控制指标提供了实验依据。