加温合并药物治疗Lewis肺癌的实验研究

本实验以荷 Lewis 肺癌的 NIH 小鼠为模型,以肿瘤平均直径倍增时间(MDDT)为终点,进行加温合并抗癌药物的研究。结果表明:①43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌有明显的治疗效果(P<0.05);②喜树碱16mg/kg合并加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而加强,在43℃时出现相加作用(P<0.001);③斑蝥素0.45mg/kg,高三尖杉酯碱1.2mg/kg 或消瘤芥0.75mg/kg 合并加温25分钟,对Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而增强,其中斑蝥素和消瘤芥在43℃时出现协同作用(P<0.001);①去甲斑蝥酸钠3mg/kg 对 Lewis 肺癌无治疗作用,但合并43℃加温25分钟时有协同作用;⑤鸦胆子油口服乳液8ml/kg,间隔27小时合并43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的治疗有相加作用,并明显延长了荷瘤动物的生存时间。     

舍蝇抗菌肽的提取及其对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用

目的：研究含蝇抗菌肽的提取对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用；方法：对舍蝇幼虫采用针刺损伤及金黄色葡萄球菌感染诱导方法，并通过研磨、加热、阳离子交换柱层析及Sephadex G—50葡聚糖凝胶柱层析等步骤提取抗菌肽；结果：经SDS—PAGE电泳分离到2条带，分子量分别为4kD，9．6kD；结论：提取的舍蝇抗菌肽能有效地抑制人胃癌细胞MGC80—3和BGC—823，人乳腺癌细胞MCF—7及人肺癌细胞SPC—A—1的体外增殖，并且呈浓度依赖关系。     

Cervical tissue uptake of all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge-cervical cap delivery device in patients with cervical dysplasia

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the systemic absorption and cervical tissue uptake of all-transretinoic acid (TRA), delivered via a collagen spongecervical cap delivery device in patients with intraepithelial cervical dysplasia. Ten patients with histologically proven mild or moderate cervical dysplasia were included in this pharmacologic study. The two TRA concentrations (0.05% and 0.372%) selected for study represent the starting and maximally tolerated doses used in phase I clinical trial. All-trans-retinoic-11-³H acid (³H-TRA, 500 Ci) was used to facilitate cervical tissue uptake studies. Cervical biopsies and post-treatment blood samples were obtained from each patient after TRA exposure. The uptake of TRA into cervical tissues four hours after drug administration was significantly increased at the maximally tolerated TRA dose. There was a rapid decrease in cervical tissue concentration of TRA at the 0.372% dose between 4 and 24 h after drug exposure, suggesting a relatively short elimination half-life of TRA in cervical tissues. HPLC analysis of post-treatment blood samples indicate that there was no systemic absorption of TRA after local cervical administration.     

Anticancer Mechanism of Curcumin on Human Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and accounts for most adult brain tumors. Current available treatment options for GBM are multimodal, which include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, GBM remains largely resistant to treatment, with a poor median survival rate between 12 and 18 months. With increasing drug resistance, the introduction of phytochemicals into current GBM treatment has become a potential strategy to combat GBM. Phytochemicals possess multifarious bioactivities with multitarget sites and comparatively marginal toxicity. Among them, curcumin is the most studied compound described as a potential anticancer agent due to its multi-targeted signaling/molecular pathways properties. Curcumin possesses the ability to modulate the core pathways involved in GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, paraptosis, oxidative stress, and tumor cell motility. This review discusses curcumin’s anticancer mechanism through modulation of Rb, p53, MAPK, P13K/Akt, JAK/STAT, Shh, and NF-κB pathways, which are commonly involved and dysregulated in preclinical and clinical GBM models. In addition, limitation issues such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics perspectives strategies, and clinical trials were discussed.     

槲皮素的结构修饰及生物活性研究进展

槲皮素是蔬菜、水果、中药中常见的黄酮类化合物,是天然的抗氧化剂,具有抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒等生物活性。由于槲皮素生物利用度低,限制了其在临床上的应用。通过各种方法设计和合成新的槲皮素衍生物,以改善其缺点,进而发挥预防和治疗疾病的作用。通过对槲皮素衍生物的合成及其抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗炎、抗菌和抗病毒活性进行综述,并对其构效关系进行分析,为天然化合物的开发和利用奠定基础。     

The cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in a hamster fibrosarcoma cell line treated with anti-cancer drugs: Its importance to solid tumour chemotherapy*

The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs and its relationship to stages of the cell cycle was studied in cells derived from a solid tumour; a highly malignant hamster fibrosarcoma (Met B). Asynchronously proliferating cells were treated with a wide variety of agents such as actinomycin-D, 1--D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine, camptothecin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, 5-flurouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, hydroxyurea, ionomycin, methotrexate and vincristine. With the exception of cyclophosphamide and hydroxyurea, a 36 h exposure to these drugs resulted in inhibition of cell growth and apart from cyclophosphamide, hydroxyurea, 6-mercaptopurine and cisplatin the induction of apoptosis. Studies using a decreased concentration of drug and exp osure time (12 h) followed by examination of cells using flow cytometry indicated that most drugs were capable of affecting cell cycle progression without induction of apoptosis. However when cells were synchronised at G₀/G₁, S and G₂/M phases and then exposed to these decreased concentrations of drug apart from 6MP an HU, apoptosis was observed and for the majority of drugs it took place in the same phase in which progression through the cell cycle was blocked by the drug. Cells synchronised in G₀/G₁ phase were more susceptible to methotrexate, whereas S-phase cells were more susceptible to camptothecin and 5-flurouracil and G₂/M phase cells more susceptible to actinomycin D, 1--D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine, daunorubicin and cisplatin. In contrast, vincristine blocked cells in G₂/M phase but exerted its apoptotic effect in S-phase cells, ionomycin had no effect on the cell cycle, but G₂/M cells appeared to be more susceptible to the effect of this drug. These data indicate that entry into apoptosis by this fibrosarcoma may occur at any point in the cell cycle. They also demonstrate a correlation between the action of some anticancer drugs on the cell cycle and the subsequent induction of apoptosis which may be useful in chemotherapeutic design.     

红毛五加药理作用研究进展

目的对红毛五加药理作用研究进展进行全面综述。方法根据相关文献 ,按照药理作用分类汇总。结果红毛五加具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、保肝、镇痛、增强免疫功能等作用。结论红毛五加具有很强的药用开发潜力     

化疗在大肠癌综合治疗中的作用

本文对化疗在大肠癌综合治疗中的作用进行评述。近年来治疗晚期与转移性大肠癌的策略有了明显的进展,新药新方法不断涌现,全身化疗能提高晚期大肠癌的缓解率,延长生存期,改善生活质量;辅助化疗已成为高危复发患者的标准治疗;新辅助化疗越来越受到重视;然而,在具体实施综合治疗中如何按照大肠癌的生物学行为,在规范化治疗的前提下,充分考虑患者潜在的预后亚群、效益-成本比、患者的依从性等因素实施个体化,选择最佳治疗方式值得研究。     

抗癌药物对宫颈癌细胞HeLa端粒酶活性的影响

目的：观察阿霉素、丝裂霉素、紫杉醇、顺铂和环磷酰胺五种抗癌药对HeLa细胞端粒酶活性的影响。方法：运用MTT法测定24小时的药物IC50在此基础上，运用端粒重复序列扩增—酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞经过不同浓度的抗癌药作用不同时间后端粒酶活性的变化。结果：细胞对不同药物有不同敏感性。五种药物均能下调端粒酶活性，但只有阿霉素、紫杉醇和顺铂在作用24小时后迅速而明显地影响端粒酶活性。IC50／3浓度处理72小时的效果与IC50。浓度处理24小时的效果相当。结论：五种药物都能通过直接或间接的方式下调端粒酶活性，其机制可能与药物浓度及时间依赖有关。     

洋紫荆中生物碱类抗肿瘤活性成分的研究

目的研究洋紫荆中的抗癌活性成分.方法采用色谱法与生物活性追踪相结合分离纯化活性成分.丽丝胺罗丹明B(SRB)法检测化合物对K562细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测化合物对K562细胞周期的影响.结果分离得到4个具有活性的生物碱类化合物,用现代谱学方法鉴定为N-naphthyl-2-aniline(1)、biocyclomahanimbine(2)、mahanimbine(3)、girinimbine(4).化合物1～3体外具有明显诱导K562细胞调亡作用.结论 4个生物碱类化合物均为该属中首次分离,其中化合物1的体外抗癌活性为首次报道.