复方决明子口服液的制备工艺研究

目的 :用正交法优选复方决明子口服液的最佳工艺条件。方法 :以决明子中蒽醌的含量及浸出物的含量为指标 ,应用L9(3′)正交试验法优选复方决明子口服液的最佳工艺条件。结果 :最佳提取条件为 :加 1 0倍量水 ,煎煮 3次 ,每次 1 .5h。结论 :优越工艺验证表明 ,最佳提取工艺为A1 B2 C1 。说明优选工艺稳定可靠。     

大黄-黄芪组分自微乳的制备及在体肠吸收特性研究

目的 研究大黄-黄芪多组分自微乳的处方与制备工艺,评价制剂质量,并考察其大鼠肠吸收特性。方法 通过溶解度实验、油相与乳化剂和助乳化剂配伍实验及伪三元相图的绘制,筛选出最优处方组成;并从自微乳的外观、形态、粒径、稳定性等方面对自微乳进行评价。通过大鼠在体单向肠灌流实验考察自微乳的肠吸收特性。结果 自微乳处方中油相为辛酸癸酸单双甘油酯、乳化剂为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油35、助乳化剂为乙二醇。在微乳形成区选择各辅料用量,采用适宜方法加入大黄总蒽醌及黄芪总皂苷制得的组分自微乳,外观均一透明,加水分散后形成黄色乳光的微乳液,透射电镜显微镜（transmission electron microscopy,TEM）下观察到微乳分散均匀,无黏连,呈大小均一圆球形乳滴;平均粒径为（33.01±0.12）nm、多分散指数（polydispersion index,PDI）为0.10±0.02、电位为（-10.10±1.00）m V;自微乳中大黄总蒽醌和黄芪总皂苷质量分数分别为6.29、8.80 mg/g。自微乳中大黄总蒽醌在十二指肠、空肠段的吸收速率常数（Ka）及表观吸收系数（Papp）较回肠段均有显著提高;黄芪...     

不同碳源对掌叶大黄毛状根生物量和蒽醌产量的影响

目的研究不同碳源对掌叶大黄毛状根生物量和蒽醌产量的影响。方法选取3个克隆的掌叶大黄毛状根和非转化根,采用统计分析方法,对7种糖作为培养基碳源时对大黄根生物量的积累和5种蒽醌类化合物的产量的影响进行了研究。结果不同糖作为碳源对大黄根生物量积累和蒽醌产量有极显著影响。大黄根类型与糖种类互作分析显示,DH 7a与麦芽糖对于蒽醌产量来说是优势组合,而DH 5a和DH 5c在蔗糖和果糖差异不显著,非转化根在蔗糖作碳源的培养基中蒽醌产量极显著地高于其他6种糖。结论果糖作为碳源最利于大黄根培养的生物量的积累,蔗糖作为碳源时大黄根蒽醌产量最高。     

Anthraquinones As Pharmacological Tools and Drugs

Anthraquinones (9,10‐dioxoanthracenes) constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds with a wide range of applications. Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents. Current therapeutic indications include constipation, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, biologically active anthraquinones derived from Reactive Blue 2 have been utilized as valuable tool compounds for biochemical and pharmacological studies. They may serve as lead structures for the development of future drugs. However, the presence of the quinone moiety in the structure of anthraquinones raises safety concerns, and anthraquinone laxatives have therefore been under critical reassessment. This review article provides an overview of the chemistry, biology, and toxicology of anthraquinones focusing on their application as drugs.     

HPLC测定决明子中6种游离蒽醌含量

目的建立决明子中6种游离蒽醌类成分的HPLC含量测定方法,为决明子的质量评价提供参考方法。方法采用HPLC法同时测定决明子中6种游离蒽醌类成分的含量,分别为橙黄决明素,大黄酸,决明蒽醌,大黄素,大黄酚,大黄素甲醚。色谱柱为DiamonsilTMC18色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6mm);乙腈(B)-0.1%磷酸(A)梯度洗脱;流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长285 nm;柱温为室温。结果 6种游离蒽醌类成分在相应的线性范围内均呈良好的线性关系。平均回收率均在98.0%~99.6%范围内,RSD<2.0%。结论该方法准确、灵敏、高效,可用于决明子中游离蒽醌类成分的含量测定。     

Trichomonicidal activity of a new anthraquinone isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem

Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Although drug treatment is available, unpleasant side effects and increased resistance to the nitroimidazole family have been documented. Hence, there is a need for the identification of new and safe therapeutic agents against T. vaginalis. Antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone compounds has been reported by a number of authors. The genus Morinda is well known for the diversity of anthraquinones with numerous biological activities. A new anthraquinone, lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether, was isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem. The structure of the compound was determined by ¹H and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, in addition to comparison with literature reports. Using in vitro susceptibility assay, the half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether for T. vaginalis (1.32 μg/mL) was found similar to that of metronidazole concentration tested (6 μM = 1.03 μg/mL). In addition, this anthraquinone was capable of inhibiting the parasite's ability to kill HeLa cells and decreased proteolytic activity of the proteinase TvMP50 from T. vaginalis. This was associated with the decreased expression of the mp50 gene. These results demonstrate the trichomonicidal potential by lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether. Further action-mode studies are necessary to elucidate the antiparasitic mechanism of this new anthraquinone to develop a more potent antitrichomonal agent.     

海洋来源真菌杂色曲霉的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究一株海洋来源真菌Aspergullus versicolor NM-021杂色曲霉的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、半制备HPLC等色谱技术对其化学成分进行分离、纯化;通过NMR、MS方法,结合与文献报道的数据比对,对化合物的结构进行鉴定。运用细胞毒活性筛选模型对其抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。结果从该菌株中分离得到了2个蒽醌类化合物2H-6-O-Methylaverufin（1）和6-O-Methylaverufin（2）。生物活性测试结果表明,化合物1对人结肠癌和食管癌具有一定的抑制活性。结论从该菌株中分离得到1个新的具有细胞增殖抑制活性的蒽醌类化合物（1）。     

Design,synthesis, and molecular docking studies of N‐(9,10‐anthraquinone‐2‐carbonyl)amino acid derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors

A series of N‐(9,10‐anthraquinone‐2‐carbonyl)amino acid derivatives ( 1a–j ) was designed and synthesized as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Among them, the L/D‐phenylalanine derivatives ( 1d and 1i ) and the L/D‐tryptophan derivatives ( 1e and 1j ) were effective with micromolar level potency. In particular, the L‐phenylalanine derivative 1d (IC₅₀ = 3.0 μm ) and the D‐phenylalanine derivative 1i (IC₅₀ = 2.9 μm ) presented the highest potency and were both more potent than the positive control allopurinol (IC₅₀ = 8.1 μm ). Preliminary SAR analysis pointed that an aromatic amino acid fragment, for example, phenylalanine or tryptophan, was essential for the inhibition; the D‐amino acid derivative presented equal or greater potency compared to its L‐enantiomer; and the 9,10‐anthraquinone moiety was welcome for the inhibition. Molecular simulations provided rational binding models for compounds 1d and 1i in the xanthine oxidase active pocket. As a result, compounds 1d and 1i could be promising lead compounds for further investigation.     

保肾片的质量标准研究

目的：改进保肾片的质量控制标准,为制剂生产提供质量保障.方法：采用TLC法对制剂中的大黄进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对制剂中的大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚总含量进行测定,其色谱条件为：色谱柱为Lichrospher-C18柱（250 mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.1％磷酸溶液（70：30）,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为254 nm.结果：TLC鉴别色谱斑点清晰,阴性无干扰;大黄酸在0.001 3～0.0106 mg·ml-1范围内有良好的线性关系（r =0.999 9）,大黄素在0.002 7 ～0.021 3 mg·ml-1范围内有良好的线性关系（r =0.999 9）,大黄酚在0.007 6 ～0.060 5 mg· ml.1范围内有良好的线性关系（r =0.999 9）,平均回收率分别为100.18％、100.31％、100.09％,RSD分别为1.08％、0.67％、1.11％（n=9）.结论：该方法准确易行,便于质量控制.     

中药活性成分抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）通路抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）与癌症有密切关系,抑制mTOR通路可以发挥抗肿瘤作用。目前许多mTOR抑制剂被开发用于癌症的治疗。一些中药活性成分如蒽醌类、生物碱类、萜类、多糖类、黄酮类、多酚类成分可以通过抑制mTOR通路诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进自噬、阻断细胞周期发挥抗肿瘤作用。总结了中药活性成分抑制mTOR通路抗肿瘤作用的研究进展,明确其作用机制,为临床应用提供参考。