Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) in mice

The toxicity profile of medicinal plants is an important preclinical requirement in the development of phytomedicines. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leaf of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) and stem bark of Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) were investigated in order to provide information on their safety as antimalarial plants. The methanol extract of U. chamae and ethanol (70%) extract of M. lucida were separately orally administered (125, 250, and 750?mg/kg/day) to mice for 10 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (50?mg/kg, single dose) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The mice were injected with colchicine (0.04%) intra-peritoneally 24?h after the last administration of the extracts and the bone marrows harvested. Giemsa-stained slides of bone marrow cells were microscopically assessed for dividing cells to determine the mitotic index (MI) and scored for chromosomal aberrations (CA) according to standard methods. chamae exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. At 750?mg/kg, the MI was significantly (p?M. lucida was not significantly different (p?>?0.05) from that of the negative control. The total CA observed from treatment with both plants at all doses were significantly (p?U. chamae showed both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity while M. lucida exerted only genotoxic effect. Nevertheless, the two plants should be used with caution in antimalarial therapy.     

高效毛细管电泳测定小果博落回中血根碱 和白屈菜红碱

目的:建立测定小果博落回中血根碱和白屈菜红碱的含量的新方法。方法:采用高效毛细管电泳法,盐酸小檗碱为内标,运行缓冲液为25 mmol.L-1磷酸氢二钠与25 mmol.L-1磷酸二氢钠的混合体系(磷酸调pH为7.0)-甲醇(2.5∶1);运行电压18 kV;柱温25℃;检测波长200 nm。结果:血根碱和白屈菜红碱的线性范围分别为0.0124～0.0828mg.mL-1(r=0.999 8);白屈菜红碱的线性范围0.018 8～0.125 6 mg.mL-1(r=0.999 6),平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.7%(RSD1.01%)、98.4%(RSD 1.27%)。结论:高效毛细管电泳操作简便,分析快速,结果准确、重现性好,适用于小果博落回中血根碱和白屈菜红碱的含量的测定。     

大花紫玉盘中的新抗肿瘤活性番荔枝内酯及其绝对构型研究

从番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大花紫玉盘(Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.)根茎中分得两种新的抗肿瘤活性番荔枝内酯(1和3),用X-ray衍射分析和Mosher方法对1的绝对构型进行了研究,全部6个手性碳的构型分别是15S,17R,18R,21R,22R,36S。命名为大花紫玉盘素(uvarigrin)。用Mosher方法对3的绝对构型也进行了测定,命名为大花紫玉盘素A(uvarigrandin A)。对以前得到的大花紫玉盘脂素(uvarigranin,2)的相对构型进行了修正。     

大花紫玉盘中新多氧取代环己烯类的结构鉴定

从番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大花紫玉盘( Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.)根茎中分得4种新的多氧取代环己烯及已知化合物zeylenol,应用波谱分析、X-射线衍射、园二色谱和 Mosher 酯制备等手段确定了全部新化合物的结构及其绝对构型,分别命名为大花紫玉盘醇A(1),B(2),E(3)和F(4)。     

Antihepatotoxic and Trypanocidal Effects of the Root Bark Extract of Uvaria chamae

Antihepatotoxic and trypanocidal activities of a root bark extract derived from Uvaria chamae were tested in vivo and in vitro. The plant material was defatted with n -hexane and extracted with 70% ethanol. The ethanol extract was recovered in a 6.13% w/w yield. The LD 50 of the ethanol extract in mice at 24 hr was 166 mg/kg (i.p.). Intraperitoneal injection of the ethanol extract into mice showed no significant effect on pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis. Pentobarbitone-induced sleep in CCl 4 -poisoned rats was significantly reduced (p<0.005) by oral administration of the extract (60 mg/kg). The elevation of serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and urea induced by CCl 4 intoxication in rats was also significantly reduced (p<0.005) by the ethanol extract. Uvaria chamae ethanol extract showed a significant (p<0.005) trypanocidal effect which was comparable to that of diminazine aceturate (r= 0.89). Reduction of existing parasitaemia in mice experimentally infected with Trypanasoma brucei brucei was dose-dependent.     

A new cerebroside from Uvaria tonkinensis var. subglabra

A new cerebroside, subglain A (1), together with five known compounds (2–6) have been isolated from the stems of Uvaria tonkinensis var. subglabra. The structure of 1 has been determined to be 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8Z,2′R)-2-[N-(2′-hydroxytetracosanyl)-N-(1″,2″-dihydroxyethyl)-amide]-8-tetradecene-1,3,4-triol by spectroscopic evidence. The known compounds were identified as schisandriside (2), erythritol (3), β-D-glucopyranose (4), kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside (5), and (+)-lyoniresinol (6).     

Two new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes from Uvaria kweichowensis

Two new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes, kweichowenols C and D, were isolated from the leaves of Uvaria kweichowensis, and their structures were established on the basis of their spectral data. The two new compounds showed some antitumor activity by the MTT assay.     

Four new compounds from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla

Four new compounds, uvamalols A–C (1–3) and uvarimacrophin A (4), have been isolated from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The relative configurations of uvamalols A–C have been established by NOE experiments, and the relative stereochemistry of uvarimacrophin A inferred from the diagnostic NMR data by comparison with known model compounds.     

咳特灵片质量标准

目的改进咳特灵片的质量标准。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对马来酸氯苯那敏进行定性鉴别,改进小叶榕的薄层色谱鉴别方法;采用HPLC法对马来酸氯苯那敏进行含量测定,色谱柱为Phenomenex C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（含1%三乙胺和0.005 mol/L庚烷磺酸钠,用磷酸调节pH至3.0）-甲醇（40∶60）为流动相,检测波长264 nm,进样量10μL。结果薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;马来酸氯苯那敏质量浓度在10.89～108.90μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.79%,RSD为1.06%（n=6）。结论该方法准确、专属性强、重现性好,可用于该药的质量控制。     

Antimicrobial components of some cruciferae plants (Diplotaxis harra Forsk. and Erucaria microcarpa Boiss.)

The total herb of Diplotaxis harra Forsk. on treatment with myrosinase produces isopropyl isothiocyanate and 3‐ butenyl isothiocyanate in addition to (the non–volatile) 2‐hydroxy‐3‐butenyl isothiocyanate which could be obtained as 5‐vinyl‐2‐oxazolidinethione (goitrin) and methyl 4‐isothiocyanatobutyrate (Erypestrin). On treating Erucaria microcarpa Boiss, herb with myrosinase, it produces isopropyl isothiocyanate, butyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate in addition to the non‐volatile 8‐methylsulphinyloctyl isothiocyanate (hirsutin). The plant extracts contain high percentages of arachidonic and palmitic acids, nonadecane, cholesterol, stigmasterol and B‐sitosterol. The volatile constituents of D. harra and E. microcarpa showed higher activity against yeasts than Gram +ve, Gram ‐ve bacteria and fungi. The non‐methylated fatty acids of the two herbs showed higher activity against Gram +ve and Gram ‐ve bacteria than yeasts and fungi. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.