中药黄藤中的季铵生物碱研究

本文从中药黄藤的根及根茎中分得三种季铵生物碱,化学及光谱数据证明,一为掌叶防己碱(巴马汀),二为药根碱,三系伪非洲防己胺碱。后者为国内首次得到的一种天然伪原小檗碱型生物碱。     

三种中成药中小檗碱和巴马汀的含量测定

应用反相高效液相色谱法对牛黄千金散、清胃黄连丸和芩连片中小檗碱（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｎｅ）、巴马汀（Ｐａｌ－ｍａｔｉｎｅ）进行含量测定。方法快速准确，为厂家控制产品质量提供依据。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定黄连解毒胶囊中5组分的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定黄连解毒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭、盐酸药根碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷含量的方法。方法:采用3种紫外检测波长同时进行测定,色谱柱为DiamonsilC18,流动相为水-甲醇-0.05%磷酸(梯度洗脱),柱温为35℃,流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为345、280、238nm,进样量为10μl。结果:盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭、盐酸药根碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷进样量分别在0.105μg～1.680μg(r=0.9999)、0.045μg～0.720μg(r=0.9998)、0.065μg～1.040μg(r=0.9997)、0.190μg～3.040μg(r=0.9999)、0.145μg～2.320μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为99.11%、98.19%、97.21%、98.52%、99.22%。结论:本方法快速、重现性好、灵敏度高,可为黄连解毒胶囊提供更合理、可靠的质量控制方法。     

Pharmacokinetic comparisons of berberine and palmatine in normal and metabolic syndrome rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

San-Huang formula is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation to replenish Qi, resolve phlegm, dissipate blood stasis, and therapy metabolic syndrome in China. Metabolic syndrome, which is accompanied by Qi and blood stasis, mainly arises from spleen deficiency in essence. There is limited information available for differences of pharmacokinetic properties of San-Huang formula between normal and metabolic syndrome rats. The present study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of berberine as well as palmatine in normal and metabolic syndrome rats following oral administration of San-Huang formula extract.

Materials and methods

The animals were orally administered with San-Huang formula extract with the equivalent dose of 60.4 and 12.5 mg/kg for berberine and palmatine, respectively. The blood samples were collected according to the time schedule. The concentrations of berberine and palmatine in rat plasma were determined by LC–ESI/MS. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data using non-compartmental methods.

Results

It was found that AUC_0−t, C_max, Vd and CL of berberine and palmatine in metabolic syndrome rats were significantly different (P<0.05) from normal rats.

Conclusions

The results indicated that berberine and palmatine have higher uptake and slower elimination in the rats with metabolic syndrome, which suggests that the rate and extent of drug metabolism were altered in metabolic syndrome rats.     

HPLC法测定黄连,黄柏及其中成药中小檗碱型生物碱的含量

用HPLC法分离测定黄连、黄柏及其中成药三妙丸、左金丸、香连丸、木香槟榔丸、金黄散中小檗碱型生物碱—小檗碱、药根碱、巴马亭、黄连碱的含量,考察了提取时间对提取效果的影响。色谱柱:PERKIN-ELMER分析型硅胶柱(250mm×3.9mm,10μm),流动相乙酸乙酯-甲酸-无水乙醇(15:3:2),检测波长UV346nm,流速1ml/min,四种成分的回收率均在98～105%之间,变异系数CV<5%。     

Palmatine activates AhR and upregulates CYP1A activity in HepG2 cells but not in human hepatocytes

The protoberberine alkaloid palmatine is present in preparations from medicinal plants such as Coptis chinensis and Corydalis yanhusuo. This study examined whether palmatine affects the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 1A1 and 1A2 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and human hepatoma HepG2 cells grown as monolayer or spheroids. Gene reporter assays showed that palmatine significantly activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and increased the activity of CYP1A1 gene promoter in transiently transfected HepG2 cells. In HepG2 monolayer culture, palmatine also significantly increased mRNA and activity levels of CYP1A1, albeit with considerably less potency than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a prototypical CYP1A inducer. On the other hand, CYP1A activity was not significantly elevated by palmatine in HepG2 spheroids. Moreover, palmatine induced mild or negligible changes in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA expression without affecting CYP1A activity levels in primary human hepatocytes. It is concluded that palmatine activates the AhR-CYP1A pathway in HepG2 monolayer, while the potential for CYP1A induction is irrelevant in cell systems which are closer to the in vivo situation, i.e. in HepG2 spheroids and primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Possible induction of CYP1A enzymes by palmatine in vivo remains to be investigated.     

数码扫描薄层色谱影像直接测定黄连提取物中4种生物碱含量

目的建立直接数码扫描薄层色谱的影像,利用计算机软件测定黄连提取物中巴马汀、小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱含量的新方法。方法薄层色谱的制备:硅胶高效薄层板;展开剂为乙酸丁酯∶甲醇∶异丙醇∶氨水(25%~28%)=5∶2∶1.5∶1.2;定量操作获得荧光薄层色谱经摄像获取色谱的影像,经专业软件数码扫描,替代常规薄层色谱需采用薄层扫描仪定量的测定方法,利用获取的色谱中小檗碱、巴马汀、表小檗碱、黄连碱斑点的积分值,直接外标法同时测定含量。结果经精密度、准确度、重复性测试,结果符合方法学验证的技术要求。与液相色谱测定的数据比较完全具有可比性。结论用自编计算机软件(‘digiscan’)作为虚拟扫描仪进行数码扫描薄层色谱的影像(薄层色谱视觉数据的永久记录),通用软件Origin Pro积分,外标法计算含量,不需要昂贵的薄层色谱扫描仪,即可进行含量测定,通过黄连提取物中4种生物碱的含量测定,证明这一替代方法用于中药有效成分含量测定的可行性。本法最大优点是不需要昂贵的薄层扫描仪,依靠软件操作,薄层色谱的影像可长期保存,测定不受时间和地点的限制,检测成本效益高。符合中药指标成分含量测定的需求,有推广应用的价值,尤其适合生产企业的全程检验、新药研发过程检验及市场商品的检验。     

4种黄连生物碱的抑菌作用

目的小檗碱,药根碱,黄连碱和巴马亭是黄连中4种主要的生物碱,为深入研究4种黄连生物碱成分的抑菌特性差异,本实验对它们的抑菌谱和抑菌活性进行了实验研究。方法以从石柱黄连中提取的4种生物碱为实验药物,采用抑菌圈实验法,在2 000μg/mL药液浓度下对常见的19种微生物进行了药物敏感性试验,并通过比浊法对敏感菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)进行了检测。结果4种生物碱成分的敏感菌范围相同但抑菌活性不同,其中小檗碱的抑菌活性最大,黄连碱和巴马亭次之,药根碱最小;4种黄连生物碱对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制活性大于革兰氏阴性菌和酵母菌;每种生物碱对耐药金葡菌(MR)和金葡菌的抑菌能力基本相同。结论4种黄连生物碱均为黄连的抗菌活性成分,抑菌谱相同,但抑菌活性有较大差异;4种黄连生物碱对耐药金葡菌的耐药性具有消除作用。     

薄层扫描法测定冠舒片中延胡索乙素含量

采用薄层扫描法测定冠舒片及原料元胡中延胡索乙素含量,方法简便,结果准确。平均回收率为９９．５０％,ＲＳＤ＝１．６７％。该方法可较好地控制产品质量     

黄柏及中成药中小檗碱和巴马亭的高效液相色谱法测定

本文以正相高效液相色谱法,用窗口图解技术对色谱条件进行了优化。对黄柏及其中成药中的有效成分——小檗碱、巴马亭的提取、测定条件、标准曲线进行了研究。并对两种含黄柏的中成药样品进行了分析。其中小檗碱的回收率均在97%以上,巴马亭的回收率均在96%以上。