卡巴胆碱抑制肿瘤坏死因子所致微血管内皮细胞通透性增高

目的探讨卡巴胆碱对肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）诱导的增加微血管通透性的作用。方法采用FITC标记白蛋白漏出法、考马斯亮蓝染色法观察卡巴胆碱对TNF-α诱导微血管内皮细胞通透性，细胞形态和细胞骨架变化的影响。结果与对照组比较，TNF-α明显增加微血管内皮细胞通透性（P〈0．05），诱导细胞皱缩，细胞间隙增大和细胞骨架排列紊乱。给予卡巴胆碱可以明显抑制TNF-α诱导微血管内皮细胞通透性增加，并呈剂量依赖性，同时可以使细胞间隙明显减小，细胞骨架排列有序。结论卡巴胆碱可能通过抑制TNF-α对细胞骨架的损伤，进而抑制微血管通透性增加。     

饮食性缺铜、缺锌对小鼠细胞因子产生的影响

３周龄小鼠饲用６周缺铜饮食后，出现胸腺萎缩、肝脏肿大以及明显的缺铜指征，包括血清Ｃｐ活性、肝Ｃｕ含量、ＣＣＯ和Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性明显下降。缺钢小鼠产生的ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－１和ＩＬ－６水平明显低于正常组小鼠。小鼠饲予７周缺锌饮食后，出现明显脱毛，虽然肝Ｚｎ含量降低不明显，但ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－１和ＩＬ－６活性明显降低，说明上述细胞因子是小鼠缺锌的敏感指征之一。本文结果显示正常Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ水平对ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－１和ＩＬ－６产生的重要性，并提示这些细胞因子的改变可能是缺铜、缺锌引起的免疫功能损害的细胞、分子学机理之一。     

Increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in HIV-1-infected human macrophages: role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha

Synergism between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and HIV-1 infections was demonstrated in several in vitro models and clinical studies. Here, we investigated their reciprocal effects on growth in chronically HIV-1-infected promonocytic U1 cells and in acutely infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis induced HIV-1 expression in U1 cells, together with increased TNF-alpha production. M. tuberculosis growth, evaluated by competitive PCR, was greater in HIV-1-infected MDM compared to uninfected cells. M. tuberculosis phagocytosis induced greater TNF-alpha and IL-10 production in HIV-1-infected MDM than in uninfected cells. In uninfected MDM, addition of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma decreased, whereas IL-10 increased M. tuberculosis growth. On the contrary, in HIV-1-infected MDM, addition of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma increased, whereas IL-10 has no effect on M. tuberculosis growth. TNF-alpha seems to play a pivotal role in the enhanced M. tuberculosis growth observed in HIV-1-infected MDM, being unable to exert its physiological antimycobacterial activity. Here, for the first time we demonstrated an enhanced M. tuberculosis growth in HIV-1-infected MDM, in line with the observed clinical synergism between the two infections.     

GraVe's病患者血清肿瘤坏死因子的研究

本文检测了４５例ＧＤ,１００例健康对照组血清ＴＮＦ－α水平,结果ＧＤ患者血清ＴＮＦ－α水平显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。与其ＦＴ３,ＦＴ４,ＴＧＡＢＭ,ＴＭＡＢ水平及其甲吸率无相关性。升高的水平与病程长短和甲状腺大小有关。ＧＤ患者＾１３１Ｉ治疗前后血清ＴＮＦ－α水平无明显变化,＾１３１Ｉ治疗后不同效果组治疗前血清ＴＮＦ－α水平无明显差异。表明ＧＤ患者血清ＴＮＦ－α水平升高：ＧＤ的“功能缓解”与“免疫缓     

Effect of Loxosceles gaucho venom on cell morphology and behaviour in vitro in the presence and absence of sphingomyelin.

This study was performed to investigate whether the toxic effects of Loxosceles gaucho venom on cells might be exerted via stimulators of TNF-alpha release generated by sphingomyelinase D--a major component of the venom. It was demonstrated that L. gaucho venom alone is unable to induce TNF-alpha release by J774A.1 cells, while in the presence of exogenous sphingomyelin it induces a high level of TNF-alpha release which is significantly increased by incubation with non-inactivated serum. Ceramide phosphate also induces TNF-alpha release in J774A.1 cells, but (unlike sphingomyelin/sphingomyelinase) the level of release is not influenced by the presence or otherwise of non-inactivated serum. L. gaucho venom does not induce proliferation of J774A.1 cells and even at high concentrations it does not affect their viability. J774A.1 cells, which prior to venom treatment were elongated and clumped, round up after venom treatment, but, revert to their original morphology after incubation with fresh medium. TNF-alpha resistant MRC-5 cells and TNF-alpha sensitive MCF-7 cells are susceptible to the toxic effect of both L. gaucho venom and ceramide phosphate. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that exogenous sphingomyelin can modulate, in vitro, the release of TNF-alpha induced by L. gaucho venom in mouse macrophages. In addition, the results also indicate that ceramide phosphate and L. gaucho venom are toxic to several different cell types, via a variety of mechanisms, some, but not all, of which may involve TNF-alpha as an intermediary.     

多发性骨折后全身炎症反应综合征的监控

目的　分析多发性骨折后全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)的监测因素。方法　将 87例多发性骨折患者分为SIRS组、非SIRS组和死亡组 ,比较各组血清肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -α)、粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G -CSF)、补体C3 、免疫球蛋白 (IgG)等的变化。同时观察失血量分级与SIRS的关系。结果　SIRS组G -CSF和IgG水平明显低于非SIRS组 ,TNF -α水平明显高于非SIRS组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;死亡组G -CSF、补体C3 及IgG水平较SIRS组进一步降低 ,TNF -α水平进一步升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。随失血量增大 ,SIRS发生率、病死率升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　G -CSF ,IgG ,TNF -α水平及失血量可作为SIRS的监控指标。     

平衡针法对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血清TNF-α、sICAM-1的影响及其相关性的分析

目的 :通过研究缺血性脑卒中大鼠针刺前后的血清TNF α、sICAM 1水平变化 ,探讨缺血性脑损伤机制及平衡针法在缺血性损伤中对脑的保护作用。方法 :将 60只大鼠随机分为空白组、假手术组、模型组、治疗组 ,光化学法诱导局灶性脑缺血模型 ,酶联法 (ELISA)测量血清TNF α、sICAM 1值。结果 :血清TNF α、sICAM 1水平模型组较空白组明显上升 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,平衡针治疗组较模型组有所降低 (P <0 .0 5) ,血清TNF α与sICAM 1呈正相关 (r=0 .83 4,P <0 .0 5)。结论 :局灶性脑缺血大鼠血清TNF α、sICAM 1含量明显上升 ,二者呈正相关。平衡针法治疗可降低其TNF α、sICAM 1水平 ,从一定程度上抑制缺血性脑损伤。     

肺炎克雷伯菌引起大鼠小气道上皮细胞损伤及与肺内α肿瘤坏死因子关系的探讨

目的探讨肺炎克雷伯菌引起大鼠小气道上皮细胞损伤及机制。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为两组:对照组和感染组采用光镜动态观察小气道上皮细胞损伤改变。以免疫组化及原位分子杂交分析方法,检测小气道上皮细胞α肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)蛋白和TNF-αmRNA表达的变化。并用放射免疫分析法测定肺组织中TNF-α含量。结果显示感染组大鼠小气道上皮细胞病理改变明显。感染第2周起至第4周小气道壁各种炎症细胞增加,可见上皮细胞部分脱落坏死,损伤明显加重。感染组在2～4周TNF-αmRNA表达与对照组比较显著增强(P <0 .0 1)。在第4周TNF α蛋白明显增高(P <0 .0 1)。从第1周起肺组织中TNF-α含量增加并保持到第8周。结论肺炎克雷伯菌在体内可引起小气道上皮细胞损伤,肺内TNF-α水平升高与气道上皮细胞损伤程度平行。并且TNF-α蛋白和TNF-αmRNA表达上调在加重上皮细胞损伤中又具有重要作用     

前列腺素F2α衍生物在皮肤科的应用

PF2α衍生物在眼科主要用于治疗开角型青光眼,其常见的不良反应有多毛症和皮肤色素沉着。因此,目前许多研究将PF2α衍生物应用于脱发和色素减退性疾病的治疗,主要包括雄激素性脱发、斑秃、化疗后脱发、白癜风以及炎症后色素减退。