Blood biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury: State of art

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits around the world. Up to 90% of injuries are classified as mTBI. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) is a standard diagnosis tool to identify intracranial complications in adults with mTBI. Alternatively, children can be admitted for inpatient observation with CCT scans performed only on those with clinical deterioration. The use of blood biomarkers is a supplementary tool for identifying patients at risk of intracerebral lesions who may need imaging.MethodWe realised a bibliographic state of art providing a contemporary clinical and laboratory framework for blood biomarker testing in mTBI management.ResultsThe S100B protein is the only biomarker that can be used today in the clinical routine for management of mTBI with appropriate evidence-based medicine. Due to its excellent negative predictive value, S100B protein is an alternative choice to CCT scanning for mTBI management with considered, consensual and pragmatic use. In this state of art, we propose points to help clinicians and clinical pathologists use serum S100B protein in the clinical routine. A state of art on the different biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NF [H or L], tau, H-FABP, SNTF, NSE, miRNAs, MBP) is also conducted. Some of these other biomarkers, used alone (GFAP, UCH-L1) or in combination (GFAP + H-FABP ± S100B ± IL10) can improve the specificity of S100B.ConclusionUsing a bibliographic state of art, we highlighted the added values of the blood biomarkers for the clinical management of mTBI.     

半红树植物海薯藤的形态组织鉴定

目的:对半红树植物海薯藤Ipomo pes-caprae(Linn.)Sweet进行鉴别研究.方法:观察性状、横切面、粉末、理化等特征.结果:发现其茎叶的横切面特征明显,紫外光谱扫描发现明显的吸收峰.结论:可以根据其性状和组织构造的特征可作为生药学鉴定的依据.     

TCL1 as a hub protein associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on proteomics methods

This study aimed to investigate the hub protein related to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We used proteomics methods (iTRAQ) to explore the differentially expressed proteins in the non-germinal center B-cell -like (non-GCB) DLBCL in our previous study. In this study, a total of 137 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DLBCL tissue samples were analyzed via immunohistochemistry to verify the expression of TCL1, AKT1 + 2+3, IKKβ and to determine the differentially expressed proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between these proteins, and survival analysis was used to investigate their effects on prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that TCL1, AKT1 + 2+3, and IKKβ were highly positively expressed in DLBCL. Results showed that the expression of TCL1 was related to ethnicity (p = 0.022), primary site (p = 0.045), Ann Arbor stage (p = 0.037), the International Prognostic Index (p = 0.005), β2-microglobulin (p = 0.030), BCL2 expression (p < 0.001), and Ki-67 expression (p = 0.008). A positive correlation was found between TCL1 and AKT1 + 2+3 (p < 0.001; r = 0.475). A positive correlation was also found between AKT1 + 2+3 and IKKβ (p < 0.001; r = 0.342). In survival analysis, anemia, non-treatment with R‑CHOP, positive TCL1 expression, and Ki-67 expression≥50% independently predicted short progression-free survival and overall survival in the total cohort (p < 0.05). Thus, TCL1 as a hub protein is associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in DLBCL. TCL1 expression indicated a poor prognosis in patients with DLBCL. With further studies, TCL1 may be established as a reliable prognostic biomarker and potential immunotherapeutic target for improving therapeutic efficacy for DLBCL in the future.     

Identification of Cha o 3 homolog Cry j 4 from Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar) pollen: Limitation of the present Japanese cedar–specific ASIT

Background

About one-third of the Japanese population suffers from Japanese cedar pollinosis, which is frequently accompanied by Japanese cypress pollinosis. Recently, a novel major Japanese cypress pollen allergen, Cha o 3, was discovered. However, whether a Cha o 3 homolog is present in Japanese cedar pollen remains to be determined.

乌药干浸膏质量标准研究

目的研究乌药干浸膏的质量标准。方法采用TLC法对制剂中乌药进行定性鉴别；采用HPLC法对制剂中乌药醚内酯进行含量测定。HPLC法条件：HypersilODS2柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为乙腈-水（56：44），检测波长为235nm，流速为0．5mL·min^-1，柱温为20℃。结果采用TLC法可鉴别出与乌药对照药材相对应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；乌药醚内酯在0．08～0．40μg（r=0．9996）呈良好的线性关系；平均加样回收率为99．50％，RSD=2．69％。结论所建立的质量标准鉴别测定专属性强，定量方法简便、准确，可以用来评价乌药干浸膏的质量。     

排石Ⅱ号颗粒的制备及质量控制

目的:制备排石Ⅱ号颗粒并建立其质量控制方法。方法:药材用水煎煮法提取。采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对处方中的广金钱草、泽泻、赤芍进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对绿原酸、芍药苷进行含量测定。结果:TLC斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;绿原酸、芍药苷的进样量分别在0.2064～2.064μg(r=0.9997)、0.3736～2.2416μg(r=0.9999)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系;二者平均回收率分别为99.8%和100.1%,RSD分别为0.91%(n=6)和1.01%(n=6)。结论:该制备工艺简单;质量控制方法简便、快速、准确。     

旺拉嘎-3汤（Ⅱ方）中的苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量测定

目的：测定旺拉嘎-3汤中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的含量；方法：比色测定法；结果：苦参碱含量为0．0126mg／g，RSD=1．11％；氧化苦参碱含量为0．0868mg／g，RSD=0．38％；结论：本方法简便快速，结果稳定，重现性好，回收率分别为96．98％、95．44％。     

几种常用中草药及制剂的薄层鉴别方法探讨

目的:建立清解片、红梅汤、菩提蜜制剂的鉴别方法。方法:用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中野菊花、黄牛木、无患子成分。固定相:硅胶G;野菊花流动相为二甲苯-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸(14∶4∶0.5),喷以5%硫酸乙醇溶液,105℃加热至斑点清晰;黄牛木流动相为苯-乙酸乙酯(7∶3);无患子流动相为氯仿-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(15∶40∶20∶10),喷以5%磷钼酸乙醇溶液,105℃加热2min检视。结果:清解片、红梅汤、菩提蜜供试品色谱中与对照药材野菊花、黄牛木、无患子色谱相应的位置上显相同颜色的斑点。结论:本法可用于野菊花、黄牛木、无患子药材及制剂的鉴别。     

归脾丸(浓缩丸)质量标准研究

目的:为控制归脾丸(浓缩丸)(党参、白术、黄芪、甘草等)的质量,建立了党参、当归、甘草、木香的鉴别及黄芪甲苷的含量测定方法。方法:鉴别采用TLC方法,黄芪甲苷的含量测定采用反向高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法。结果:黄芪甲苷浓度在25.4~508.3μg/mL之间线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 7,回收率为99.1%,RSD=0.8%。结论:本法简便,准确,灵敏,重现性好,可用于归脾丸(浓缩丸)的质量控制。