Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm associated with cholecystitis that ruptured into the gallbladder

Pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery due to cholecystitis may be very rare, and in our survey of the literature, the present case report is the first case of such a pseudoaneurysm. A 64-year-old woman presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and severe epigastric pain. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy revealed blood coming out of the papilla of Vater. Color-Doppler ultrasound imaging showed a pulsatile wave pattern in an echogenic lesion inside the gallbladder. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a 3-cm pseudoaneurysm in the distended gallbladder. Angiography disclosed extravasation originating from the right hepatic artery. Emergency selective transcatheter arterial embolization was performed, with intravascular stainless steel microcoils, and complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm was achieved. The patient underwent cholecystectomy with resection of the extrahepatic bile duct and biliary reconstruction in a Roux-en-Y fashion. Macroscopically, the resected gallbladder contained clotted blood and multiple cholesterol stones. Microscopically, the mucosa of the gallbladder showed extensive necrosis and many inflammatory cells. The final diagnosis was pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery associated with calculous gangrenous cholecystitis. Although the mechanism of the pseudoaneurysm remains speculative, severe inflammatory reaction in the gallbladder may have infiltrated the liver parenchyma and may have eroded the wall of the hepatic artery, thus forming a pseudoaneurysm. Hemobilia is one of the important differential diagnoses when unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding is observed, especially in patients with hepatobiliary diseases.     

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory and DNA protective activities of the shoots of Cynodon dactylon

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Fresh juice of Cyanodon dactylon known as ‘durva’ grass is employed in India as a rejuvenator and for wound healing.

Aim of the study

To validate the traditional use of the herb through evaluation of DNA protective activity in vitro and immunomodulatory activity in vivo.

Materials and methods

Fresh juice of the grass was prepared as indicated for use in traditional medicine and standardized for solid content. Its total phenol content was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteau method. Freshly prepared juice was investigated for its effect on doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in vitro. Its immunomodulatory activity was tested on balb/c mice by the humoral antibody response which was determined by haemagglutination antibody titer and spleen cell assay.

Results

Fresh juice of Cyanodon dactylon of 1.46% (w/w) solid content had a phenolic content of 47 ± 0.33 mg/kg GAE. At doses equivalent to 50, 100 and 200 mg total solids/kg body weight the juice protected human DNA against doxorubicin-induced DNA damage as demonstrated in DNA spectral studies, where the ratio of absorbance of DNA at 260 and 280 nm in samples pretreated with the juice was 1.66, 1.53 and 1.63 respectively, while it was 1.37 for DNA treated with doxorubicin only. This indicates nucleic acid purity in the Cynodon dactylon treated samples. Oral administration of the juice at 250 and 500 mg/kg in balb/c mice increased humoral antibody response upon antigen challenge, as evidenced by a dose-dependent, statistically significant increase in antibody titer in the haemagglutination antibody assay and plaque forming cell assay.

Conclusions

The present report demonstrated the DNA protective activity and immunomodulatory property of the fresh juice of Cynodon dactylon validating the traditional use of the herb as a ‘rasayana’ in ayurvedic system of medicine.     

茵栀黄注射液治疗肝功能损害的疗效观察

经股动脉选择性肝动脉栓塞化疗 (ＴＡＥ) ,被认为是不适宜手术的肝癌患者最好的治疗方法。但由于化疗药物具有肝脏毒性 ,且栓塞后静脉回流障碍 ,常引起肝功能损害。1998年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年 9月 ,我们应用茵栀黄注射液治疗肝癌ＴＡＥ术后肝功能损害 2 4例 ,与同期保肝降酶西药治疗的对照组 2 4例作比较 ,疗效满意 ,现报道如下。1　一般资料　　两组 4 8例 ,均为经肝ＣＴ和甲胎蛋白确诊的Ⅱ期原发性肝癌患者 ,符合 1977年全国肝癌防治研究协作会议制定的分期标准。治疗组 2 4例 ,男 2 3例 ,女 1例 ;年龄 33～ 70岁 ,平均 4 7 4岁。对照组 2 4…     

原发性肝癌127例介入治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨肝动脉插管化疗联合碘油行介入治疗对原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法:对127例原发性肝癌患者进行了经肝动脉超选灌注化疗联合碘油栓塞。结果:112例患者经2次～5次的介入治疗后有明显好转,其中21例经4次介入治疗后临床症状消失,肿块消失,AFP<20μg/L,超过一个月疗效评价CT;97例临床症状明显改善,肿块缩小50%以上者为54例,AFP下降至20μg/L～400μg/L之间,超过1月疗效PR;127例疗效评价标准按全国统一的实体瘤客观疗效通用标准测量,总有效率达79%。结论:经肝动脉插管化疗联合碘油对原发性肝癌有明显的治疗效果。     

中药、白芨、明胶海绵栓塞治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效的对比观察

本文报告了随机用中药白芨肝动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗中晚期原发性肝癌(PHC)21例,明胶海绵TAE11例的对比观察。结果表明,白芨组优于明胶海绵组。因此,认为白芨是一种较好的新型中药栓塞剂。但TAE后某些反应白芨组较重。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发腹腔内出血19例临床分析

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎引起的腹腔内出血的原因和治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析1997年3月～2007年3月19例重症急性胰腺炎引起的腹腔内出血病例的临床资料。结果：19例患者中死亡9例，总病死率为47．4％。其中行经皮穿刺出血动脉栓塞术（TAE）11例中死亡4例（36．4％），手术8例中死亡3例（37．5％），TAE失败5例中死亡2例（40．0％）。结论：重症急性胰腺炎引起的腹腔内出血的原因以胃十二指肠黏膜糜烂和溃疡出血为主；TAE是治疗重症急性胰腺炎造成的腹腔内出血的简便、安全、有效的方法。     

Volume reduction surgery for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of reductive surgery on the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Eligible patients had a main tumor greater than 10 cm in diameter with multiple intrahepatic metastases (>5 nodules), and good liver function (Child-Pugh class A), but no tumor thrombus in the main portal vein. The main tumor was surgically removed but the metastases were not removed and were treated with repeated transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo-embolization (TAE).Results From Jun 1997 to May 2003, 13 patients (median age 61 years, range: 48–74) were prospectively enrolled. The median diameter of the main tumor was 14 cm (range 11.5–18.0). No major surgical complications were observed and the median hospital stay was 12 days (range 7–20). The first TAE was performed 1 month after hepatectomy in all patients and was repeated for median of 5 (range: 1 to 16) times. Complete remission was observed in two patients. One patient had recurrence afterwards but another patient survived 41 months without recurrence. Three patients survived more than 3 years. The overall 1-, 3-, and 4-year survival rates of the 13 patients were 67.7%, 40.6%, and 40.6%, respectively.Conclusions Volume reduction surgery followed by TAE might prolong the survival of patients with a large HCC and intrahepatic metastases, especially those with a main tumor on the right side.Source of support: this study was supported by grants-in-aid for cancer research from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.     

经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝细胞癌的临床观察及护理

目的：总结肝细胞癌（HCC）经皮肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术（TAE）的护理要点,以提高护理质量及成效。方法：对48例HCC实施TAE患者进行术前、术中、术后的护理。结果：48例患者均能顺利完成TAE。结论：术前做好护理访视,术中与医生紧密配合,及时处理不良反应,是保证患者安全,顺利进行TAE的前提。术后良好的护理是预防、减少并发症的关键,同时大大缩短了治疗时间。     

Coil Embolization of Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysms Associated with Celiac Artery Stenosis: Report of Three Cases

Aneurysms of the pancreaticoduodenal artery are rare. Degeneration of pancreaticoduodenal arcade vessels due to these aneurysms is associated with celiac artery stenosis or occlusion. Untreated lesions enlarge progressively and may rupture spontaneously. As the location of aneurysms of pancreaticoduodenal arcade vessels renders their surgical extirpation a challenge, we examined whether endovascular techniques offer a treatment alternative. We report on 3 patients with aneurysms of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade vessels and concomitant celiac artery stenosis/occlusion due to compression by the median arcuate ligament or chronic pancreatitis. All patients were treated by percutaneous coil embolization of the aneurysm. The aneurysmal sac was successfully excluded and the native circulation was preserved. Endovascular surgery can be used to treat these aneurysms safely and permits retention of the native circulation.     

射频消融联合动脉栓塞治疗肝脏巨大血管瘤的疗效分析(英文)

目的:对射频消融(RFA)联合动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗巨大肝血管瘤的疗效进行回顾性分析。方法:对2004年至2008年应用RFA联合TAE模式治疗的27例巨大肝血管瘤患者进行回顾性分析,共纳入31个瘤体,直径6cm-18.5cm。所有患者首先给予TAE治疗(一次或多次),在包块明显缩小后,进而给予RFA治疗。随访时间为12-64月(最后一次RFA治疗后,中位时间38个月)。所有患者均根据增强CT结果评价疗效。结果:本组患者无严重并发症以及死亡发生。RFA治疗3个月后,21例患者的症状减轻或消失(77.8%)。并且第一次增强CT示瘤体明显缩小,其中完全坏死率为71.0%(22/31)。对于9个提示血流存在的病灶,再次行RFA治疗。至随访结束,10/31(32.3%)已回缩瘤体显示增强信号,其中5个瘤体直径增大。结论:TAE+RFA是治疗巨大肝血管瘤的一种安全有效的模式。