不同净制工艺对三七质量的影响

目的:分析不同净制工艺对三七主根、剪口、筋条质量的影响,为建立该药材合理的净制工艺提供参考。方法:选取超声清洗5 min,超声清洗10 min,流水冲洗,锉刀打磨和清水浸泡5种清洗方式对三七进行净制处理,并参照药典的方法对其外观性状、水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物及有效成分含量进行测定,将各参数结合方差分析等多元统计分析进行比较。结果:超声清洗5 min更适合根和筋条有效成分的保留,超声清洗5 min和锉刀打磨2种净制方式均适用于剪口;醇溶性浸出物和人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1和三七皂苷R1含量均为剪口主根筋条。结论:超声清洗作为一种新型的净制方法,适用于三七所有药用部位的清洗。     

云南重楼种苗分级栽培生长情况分析

目的：研究云南重楼种苗分级栽培对云南重楼生长的影响。方法：对云南重楼不同分级种苗种植3年后的根状茎大小、存活率、根状茎增重、小区产量等指标进行比较研究。结果：优选出最佳的种苗分级。结论：最适宜的云南重楼种苗根状茎为10g左右,种植3年增重倍数可达3倍以上。     

Flavonoids from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Iris spuria</Emphasis> (Zeal) cultivated in Egypt

A new 12a-dehydrorotenoid 1, 11-dihydroxy-9, 10-methylenedioxy-12a-dehydrorotenoid (1), together with a new isoflavonoid glycoside tectorigenin-7-O-beta-glucosyl-4'-O-beta-glucoside (3), were isolated and identified from the rhizomes of I. spuria (Zeal). In addition, 4 known compounds, tectorigenin (2) tectorigenin-7-O-beta-glucosyl (1 --> 6) glucoside (4), tectoridin (a tectorigenin-7-O-beta-glucoside) (5) and tectorigenin-4'-O-beta-glucoside (6) were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, NOESY, and HMBC experiments and MS spectrometry) and by comparison with literature data of known compounds. Compounds 2, 4, 5, and 6 are reported for the first time from this plant through the present study.     

三七根茎的化学成分研究

目的:研究五加科人参属植物三七Panaxnotoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen根茎中的化学成分。方法:利用大孔吸附树脂柱、硅胶柱、RP-8和RP-18柱进行化合物的分离纯化,根据其理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从三七根茎中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为:人参皂苷Rh4(ginsenoside Rh4,Ⅰ),人参皂苷Rh1(ginsenosideRh1,Ⅱ),人参皂苷Re(ginsenoside Re,Ⅲ),三七皂苷R1(notoginsenoside R1,Ⅳ),人参皂苷Rd(ginsenoside Rd,Ⅴ),人参皂苷Rb1(ginsenoside Rb1,Ⅵ),三七皂苷S(notoginsenoside S,Ⅶ),三七皂苷T(notoginsenoside T,Ⅷ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅶ和Ⅷ为首次从三七根茎中分离得到。     

Comparative study of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fresh and dry rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.)

The phytoconstituents of essential oil and ethanol oleoresin of fresh and dry rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) were analyzed by GC–MS. The major constituents were aromatic-turmerone (24.4%), alpha-turmerone (20.5%) and beta-turmerone (11.1%) in fresh rhizome and aromatic-turmerone (21.4%), alpha-santalene (7.2%) and aromatic-curcumene (6.6%) in dry rhizome oil. Whereas, in oleoresins, the major components were alpha-turmerone (53.4%), beta-turmerone (18.1%) and aromatic-turmerone (6.2%) in fresh and aromatic-turmerone (9.6%), alpha-santalene (7.8%) and alpha-turmerone (6.5%) in dry rhizome. Results showed that alpha-turmerone, a major component in fresh rhizomes is only minor one in dry rhizomes. Also, the content of beta-turmerone in dry rhizomes is less than a half amount found in fresh rhizomes. The antioxidant properties have been assessed by various lipid peroxidation assays as well as DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating methods. The essential oil and ethanol oleoresin of fresh rhizomes have higher antioxidant properties as compared dry ones.     

河南千里光根茎化学成分研究

目的：研究河南千里光根茎中的化学成分,为其资源开发提供依据。方法：利用色谱柱分析技术分离千里光根茎中的化学成分,用色谱方法鉴别单体化合物的结构。结果与结论：从千里光根茎中分离提取到3种化合物,分别为二十五碳酸、β-谷甾醇、蔗糖。其中二十五碳酸、β-谷甾醇为首次从千里光根茎中分离得到。     

苗药芭蕉根化学成分研究

目的:研究芭蕉根的化学成分。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20柱等多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果:从芭蕉根70%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定得到15个化合物,分别为:(1R*,2S*,3R*)-2,3-dihydro-1,2,3-trihydroxy-4-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-1H-phenalene(1)、4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-9-phenyl-1H-phenalen-1-one(2)、trans-(1S,2S)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-acenaphthene-1,2-diol(3)、(4E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one(4)、irenolone(5)、bis-demethoxycurcumin(6)、rel-(3S,4aR,10bR)-8-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-methoxy-4a,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran(7)、cis-3-phenyl-acenaphthene-1,2-diol(8)、2-methoxy-9-phenyl-phenalen-l-one(9)、bis-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate(10)、胡萝卜苷(11)、2-(4-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride(12)、lasiodiplodin(13)、4′-dehydroxy-irenolone(14)、2-hydroxy-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-phenalen-1-one(15)。结论:其中,化合物4、6、10、13为首次从芭蕉科植物中分离得到,化合物3为首次从芭蕉属植物中分离得到,化合物1、2、7、9、12、15为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

茅苍术多糖的分离纯化及组成分析

目的对茅苍术多糖的提取、分离纯化和单糖的组成进行了分析。方法茅苍术经热水提取乙醇沉淀得多糖粗品(APW),APW经脱蛋白、透析、DEAE-纤维素柱和Sephadex G-100柱层析进行纯化,纯化多糖通过色谱等方法进行分析。结果粗多糖主要含APW1,APW2,APW3,APW4四个组分。结论纯化多糖经高效凝胶色谱、薄层层析、气相色谱等分析得知:APW1分子量约为5.3×103,由Rha,Ara,Xyl,Man,Glu,Gal组成,其摩尔比为0.16:0.17:0.24:0.55:0.89:1.00;APW2分子量约为5.4×104,由Ara,Man,Gal组成,其摩尔比为0.82:1.00:0.32;APW3、APW4分子量约为7.0×105,2.0×106,均由Rha,Ara,Man,Gal组成,其摩尔比分别为0.24:1.00:0.48:0.53及0.22:0.34:1.00:0.58;为茅苍术多糖的进一步研究提供了基础。     

Cytotoxic oleanane triterpenoids from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis afforded four cytotoxic pentacyclic triterpenoids, 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-27-oic acid (1), 3β,6β-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-27-oic acid (2), 3β-acetoxy-olean-12-en-27-oic acid (3), and 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-27-oic acid (4). The isolation and purification of these compounds was conducted with the application of column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. 2D NMR techniques including ¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC spectra and HREIMS were extensively applied to establish the structures. Compounds 1–4 showed cytotoxic activities against HO-8910, Hela and HL60 in vitro; moreover, compound 1 induced apoptotic cell death of the HO-8910 in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 2.5 to 40.0 μg/ml. The presence of these active compounds may be responsible, at least in part, for the antineoplastic action of the traditional crude drug Rhizoma Astilbe chinensis.     

In vitro bactericidal activity of diterpenoids isolated from Aframomum melegueta K.Schum against strains of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The ethnobotanical use of Aframomum melegueta in the treatment of urinary tract and soft tissue infection suggested that the plant has antimicrobial activity.

Materials and methods

To substantiate the folkloric claims, an acetone, 50:50 acetone:methanol and 2:1 chloroform:methanol extracts were tested against Escherichia coli K12; acetone extract and the fractions of acetone extracts were tested against Listeria monocytogenes. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed on the extract using L. monocytogenes as the test organism to isolate the bioactive compounds which were then tested against all the other organisms.

Results

Four known labdane diterpenes (G3 and G5) were isolated for the first time from the rhizomes of A. melegueta and purified. These were tested against E. coli, L. monocytogenes, methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus to determine antibacterial activity. The result showed that two compounds G3 and G5 exhibited more potent antibacterial activity compared to the current clinically used antibiotics ampicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin and can be potential antibacterial lead compounds. The structure of the labdane diterpenes were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. A possible mode of action of the isolated compound G3 and its potential cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells were also discussed.

Conclusion

The results confirmed the presence of antibacterial compounds in the rhizomes of A. melegueta with a favourable toxicity profile which could be further optimized as antibacterial lead compounds.