复方阿胶浆质量标准提升研究

目的提升复方阿胶浆质量标准。方法基于中药复方制剂"整体鉴别"新模式,对复方阿胶浆中植物来源中药采用一板多鉴法,红参、党参使用同一供试品溶液、同一展开剂,采用对照品和对照药材双对照(红参使用人参皂苷Rg_1对照品和红参对照药材;党参使用党参炔苷对照品和党参对照药材)进行鉴别;熟地黄、山楂使用2种供试品溶液、同一展开剂,采用对照品和对照药材双对照(熟地黄使用毛蕊花糖苷对照品和熟地黄对照药材;山楂使用牡荆素鼠李糖苷对照品和山楂对照药材)进行鉴别。对复方阿胶浆中动物药阿胶建立L-羟脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸4种氨基酸含量测定。并采用一测多评法,以L-羟脯氨酸为内标,确定甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的相对校正因子并计算含量。结果建立了复方阿胶浆中植物药鉴别的"4-3-2-2"模式,即4味中药,3种供试品溶液制备方法、2种展开剂,2种对照物的双对照方法,斑点清晰且专属性强。建立了复方阿胶浆中动物药阿胶一测多评法含量测定,15批样品中L-羟脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的质量浓度分别为2.73～3.37、4.61～6.99、2.64～3.97、3.58～4.46 mg/mL。以L-羟脯氨酸为内标建立的甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的相对校正因子分别为0.651、0.958、0.857。采用t检验、相对偏差法和Pearson相关系数法对2种方法的含量测定结果进行比较分析,15批复方阿胶浆一测多评法计算值与外标法实测含量值无显著差异。结论建立了复方阿胶浆中植物药来源中药鉴别的"4-3-2-2"模式。对处方中动物来源中药阿胶建立了4种氨基酸的一测多评法含量测定。通过"一板、一测",达到"多鉴、多评"整体药味质量控制的目的,科学合理地提升复方阿胶浆的质量标准。     

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buddleja globosa, known as "matico", is employed in Chile for wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY: To validate the traditional use of the crude drug through in vivo and in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of its extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and total methanol extracts were studied using bioguided fractionation. The following activities were investigated: analgesic (writhing test), oral and topic anti-inflammatory (paw- and ear-induced edema), free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase inhibition). Sodium naproxen, nimesulide, indomethacin were used as reference drugs for in vivo, quercetin and allopurinol for in vitro assays. RESULTS: A mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrins was isolated from the hexane extract that showed 41.2% of analgesic effect at 600 mg/kg, inhibited by 47.7 and 79.0% the arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-decanoate (TPA)-induced inflammation at 3mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. A mixture of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmastenol, stigmastanol and campesterol was isolated from the fraction CD4-N and beta-sitosterol-glycoside from the fraction CD5-N, reducing TPA-induced inflammation by 78.2 and 83.7% at 1mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. The fraction CD4-N at 300 mg/kg also showed analgesic activity (38.7%). The methanol extract at 600mg/kg per os showed anti-inflammatory effect (61.4%), topic anti-inflammatory (56.7% on TPA) and analgesic activity (38.5%). Verbascoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were the major components of the methanol extract; apigenin 7-O-glucoside was also detected. Inhibition of superoxide anion, lipoperoxidation, and DPPH bleaching effect was found in the methanol serial and global extracts. CONCLUSIONS: The present report demonstrate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Buddleja globosa and validate its use in Chilean traditional medicine.     

一测多评法同时测定预知子中4种三萜皂苷

目的 建立同时测定预知子中多种三萜皂苷成分的一测多评质量控制方法。方法 采用Alltech Apollo C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈和0.1%的磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱;以常春藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷P_D, saponins P_D）为内标物,考察在不同色谱柱、流动相系统、HPLC仪器条件下,皂苷P_D,与常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷X, saponin X）、常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷B, saponin B）、常春藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（皂苷A, saponin A）之间的相对校正因子,并利用该相对校正因子（RCF）计算皂苷X、皂苷 B和皂苷 A量。采用外标法同时测定药材中该4种成分的量,将测定值与计算值进行多种统计学检验,以验证该质控方法的准确性和可行性。结果 在不同的条件下,预知子中皂苷 P_D与皂苷 X、皂苷B及皂苷A的相对校正因子重现性良好,（RSD＝0.70%、0.56%、0.59%）,RCF分别为1.180、1.045、0.893。10批预知子中皂苷X、皂苷B及皂苷A的计算值与外标法实测值相比没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论 采用一测多评法控制预知子的质量是准确的、可行的。     

Folic acid improves endothelial function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of folate supplementation on endothelial function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-six subjects with type 1 diabetes age 13.6+/-2.6 years completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Each subject received 8 weeks of oral folic acid (5 mg/d) and 8 weeks of placebo, with an 8-week washout period. Before and after each intervention, we assessed endothelial function by using brachial artery responses to flow (flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) and glyceryl trinitrate, von Willebrand factor, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total plasma homocyst(e)ine (tHcy), vitamin B(12), serum folate, and red cell folate (RCF). RESULTS: Folic acid increased FMD by 2.58 (3.1-5.7) % (95% confidence interval, 1.28-3.88), whereas placebo did not change FMD (-0.42%; 95% confidence interval, -1.67 to 0.83; P<.001). Folic acid increased serum folate by 14 nmol/L (6.2 ng/mL, P<.001) and RCF by 467.2 nmol/L (206 ng/mL, P<.001). Change in FMD was related to change in serum folate (r=0.46, P=.005) and RCF (r=0.39, P=.02). Glyceryl trinitrate responses, von Willebrand factor, tHcy, and hemoglobin A1c were not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term high-dose folic acid improves endothelial function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and normal folate status independently of tHcy.     

N-acetyl cysteine restores brain glutathione loss in combined 2-cyclohexene-1-one and d-amphetamine-treated rats: relevance to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Oxidative stress and reduced brain levels of glutathione have been implicated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of glutathione and has additional effects on glutamate neurotransmission, neurogenesis and inflammation. While NAC treatment has shown benefits in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Similarly, the interaction between oxidative stress and altered dopaminergic activities in psychiatric illness is not yet characterized. This study investigated the capacity of NAC in restoring brain glutathione depletion in rats that received 2-cyclohexene-1-one (CHX, 75 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (2.5mg/kg) or both. CHX, but not amphetamine, induced significant depletion of glutathione levels in the striatum and frontal cortex. Glutathione depletion was reversed by NAC (1000 mg/kg) in saline-treated and amphetamine-treated (frontal cortex only) rats. While NAC was shown to be beneficial in this model, the lack of additional glutathione depletion by amphetamine in combination with CHX does not support a summative interaction between oxidative stress and altered dopamine transmission.     

一测多评法测定山银花提取物中6种绿原酸类成分

以绿原酸为内标,测定新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、3,4-O-双咖啡酰奎宁酸、3,5-O-双咖啡酰奎宁酸和4,5-O-双咖啡酰奎宁酸的相对校正因子,建立山银花提取物中6种绿原酸类成分的一测多评定量分析方法。通过考察不同色谱仪和不同色谱柱以验证相对校正因子的耐用性,同时采用外标法对4批山银花药材及20批山银花提取物进行分析,并将其含量测定结果与一测多评法测定结果进行比较。结果表明相对校正因子的耐用性良好,4批山银花药材及20批山银花提取物一测多评法与外标法所得结果无显著差异。所建立的含量测定方法可用于同时测定山银花提取物中6种绿原酸类成分。     

高效液相一测多评法测定鼻炎片中羧基苍术苷、苍术苷、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷

目的 建立高效液相一测多评（HPLC-QAMS）法测定鼻炎片中羧基苍术苷、苍术苷、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷。方法 以乙腈-0.2%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min;Agilent HC-C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,柱温30℃;检测波长203 nm（测定羧基苍术苷和苍术苷）、275 nm（测定连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷）和254 nm（测定升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷）。进行专属性试验、线性关系考察、精密度试验、稳定性试验、重复性试验、加样回收率试验;以连翘苷为内参物,建立该成分与羧基苍术苷、苍术苷、连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷间的相对校正因子,并计算鼻炎片中9种成分的含量,同时与外标法（ESM）的测定结果进行比较,验证该方法的可行性。结果 建立了鼻炎片中9种成分的定量控制方法,方法学验证结果符合要求。鼻炎片中各成分的计算值与实测值无显著性差异。结论 HPLC-QAMS法适用于鼻炎片的多指标成分质量评价模式,可以为鼻炎片质量控制方法的建立提供参考。     

高效液相一测多评法同时测定阴虚胃痛颗粒中8种成分含量

[目的] 建立高效液相一测多评（HPLC-QAMS）法同时测定阴虚胃痛颗粒中氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、麦冬甲基黄烷酮A、甲基麦冬二氢高异黄酮B、法卡林二醇和人参炔醇的含量,建立该制剂多指标成分质量控制模式。[方法] 采用Agilent HC C18色谱柱;以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长分别为230、296和254 nm;进样量10 μL。以芍药苷为内参物,建立其他7种成分的相对校正因子（RCF）,并计算各成分含量。采用外标法（ESM）测定阴虚胃痛颗粒中8种成分含量,对一测多评法计算结果的准确性进行验证。[结果] 8种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.999 1）;平均加样回收率及RSD分别为98.90%（1.01%）、100.02%（0.94%）、99.52%（0.76%）、97.88%（1.35%）、99.14%（1.42%）、96.85%（0.65%）、97.83%（0.92%）和98.65%（1.24%）。一测多评法所测结果与外标法无统计学差异。[结论] 该方法操作便捷、结果准确,可用于阴虚胃痛颗粒中8种成分含量的同时测定。     

一测多评技术在中成药香连制剂质量评价中的应用

目的:采用一测多评法同步测定中成药香连制剂中4个生物碱的含量,探讨一测多评法在中成药中的适用性.方法:以香连制剂为研究对象,通过建立小檗碱与表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀的相对校正因子,并将该校正因子应用于上述4种生物碱的含量测定,实现一测多评;同时采用外标法测定4种生物碱的含量,比较计算值与实测值的差异.结果:16批不同批次的香连制剂中4种生物碱的含量可以用一测多评法进行测定,其计算值与实测值间无显著差异.结论:以表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀、小檗碱为指标,采用一测多评法控制香连制剂的质量是可行的.