新生儿窒息124例临床分析

目的探讨预防新生儿窒息的措施，以降低新生儿窒息的发生率。方法收集我院124例新生儿窒息的临床资料，分析发病的相关高危因素。结果窒息的相关因素依次为：早产因素34例居首位，占27．4％；羊水过少占14．5％；胎位异常占10．5％；产程异常占9．7％；脐带因素（缠绕、脱垂及过短）占8．9％；巨大儿占8．9％；胎盘早剥及前置胎盘占6．5％；妊娠高血压综合征占5．6％；宫内生长迟缓（IUGR）占3．2％。结论加大孕产妇分级管理的力度，加强孕期保健和产前检查，适时纠正臀位，尽量减少早产，及早发现和正确处理胎儿宫内窘迫，是降低新生儿重度窒息的有效措施。     

Pulmonary effects of closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome

The pulmonary effects of closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were investigated in 11 premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. Successful closure of a PDA did not improve the short-term severity of pulmonary disease (24 and 48 h after treatment) as judged by the arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio or the amount of ventilatory support. Also, pulmonary mechanics measured 24 h before, 24 and 48 h after treatment, were not statistically different.Conclusion Infants with severe respiratory disease requiring high ventilation pressure and high oxygen concentration, where structural changes in the lungs are already established, will rarely show short-term improvement in pulmonary disease as a result of closure of a PDA. The overall clinical condition may, however, improve as a result of reduced cardiovascular strain. Earlier treatment of a PDA could reduce the ventilation period and the possible risk of developing chronic lung disease.     

The epidemiology of bacteriuria in pregnancy

Bacteriuria in pregnancy is now easily detected by various techniques adapted to the office setting. It is importtant to screen for bacteriuria in pregnancy because 3%–10% of pregnant women will be positive for occult infection. Up to 30% thus infected will subsequently develop pyelonephritis later in pregnancy, which in turn is associated with premature labor and delivery. This entity must be detected and treated as early as possible in pregnancy to prevent these adverse effects.Presented at the Zambon Symposium on Bacteriuria in Pregnancy, International Urogynecological Association Annual Meeting, Riva del Garda, Italy, September 13, 1989.Dedicated to the memory of Edward H. Kass, MD, PhD.     

296例胎膜早破的临床分析

以２９６例胎膜早破（ＰＲＯＭ）作为研究对象，并以３５０例无ＰＲＯＭ作对照，探讨ＰＲＯＭ对母婴的影响。结果显示：ＰＲＯＭ组难产率为５６．０８％，产褥病率４．０５％，早产率为５．４０％，胎儿窘迫率为１３．００％，新生儿窒息率为４．３３％，新生儿肺炎发生率为３．６６％，均明显高于对照组，统计学处理后有显著或极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。而且，ＰＲＯＭ隐惹期小于２４小时的产褥病率为２．２９％；大于２４小时的产褥病率则为８．９７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文提示，应积极预防胎膜早破，一旦出现胎膜早破，宜在６小时内使用抗生素预防感染，并加强母儿监测。     

Follow up of growth and steroids in premature adrenarche

In a follow up study of 34 patients with premature adrenarche we examined serum adrenal androgen levels and growth. The majority (28/34) showed an upward bend in the growth curve which, at the mean age of 2.3 years, preceded other signs of adrenarche on average by 3.8 years. Pubertal growth spurt was missing or reduced in 50% of the patients (8/16), however, final height did not differ from that expected from parental heights. Adrenal androgens did not remain elevated at adolescence. The mean age at menarche for all the girls was 0.5 years younger than in the general population.Conclusion Our findings imply that premature adrenarche may start earlier than previously recognized. Compared to ordinary growth these children seen to use a greater part of their potential for adult height already at that early age.     

双歧杆菌对早产儿食道pH值的影响及临床意义

目的为探讨双歧杆菌对早产儿食道pH值的影响，及其对早产儿易发生的消化道疾病的防治意义。方法我们采用便携式24hpH值自动记录仪，对61例早产儿进行了食道pH值的动态监测。结果口服双歧杆菌活菌制剂组的30例早产儿，食道pH值明显高于未服药的对照组，t=2．4093，P＜0．05。总pH值＜4的时间占总观察时间的百分比显著小于对照组。并且治疗组发生消化道疾患的人数也较对照组少。结论早产儿口服双歧杆菌活菌制剂可以减少胃食道反流等消化道疾病的发生。     

10年早产儿及新生儿结果分析

目的 探讨早产儿的发生因素和对母儿的影响及防治。方法 收集１９８９年１月至１９９８年１２月,１０年中我院住院分娩的全部早产病例８１６例,按产５年和后５年分为两组进行回顾性分析。结果 前组早产数为５３４例,早产发生率为３．２０％;后组早产数为２８２例,发生率为３．０５％,两组发生率对比无统计学差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。其流行病学调查显示在职业、流动人口数和产前检查方面两组对比有极其显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０     

利用多种指标对哈尔滨市人群生命质量的评价

采用多种指标综合分析 ,对哈尔滨市区的人群生命质量进行了评价