桑黄对四氯化碳致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究桑黄对肝损伤的保护作用。方法 :以四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝损伤 ,观察桑黄对血清学和组织学指标的影响。结果 :桑黄治疗组大鼠肝细胞变性明显减轻 ,肝组织结构完好 ;血清氨基酸转移酶水平显著降低 ,蛋白合成能力增强 ;血清活性氧显著减少 ,肝组织超氧化物歧化酶活力提高 ;血清白细胞介素 -4水平降低 ,γ -干扰素显著增高。结论 :桑黄具有保护肝细胞功能 ,抗脂质过氧化和调节炎症因子水平为其作用机理。     

桑黄多糖缓解日本血吸虫感染小鼠氧化应激及 肝纤维化的实验研究

目的　探讨桑黄醇提多糖（PPI）对日本血吸虫感染小鼠氧化应激、肝肉芽肿和肝纤维化的改善作用。方法　采用日本血吸虫尾蚴玻片贴腹感染法建立日本血吸虫肝病小鼠模型。设健康对照组（A组）、感染对照组（B组）、PPI单独治疗组（C组）、吡喹酮单独治疗组（D组）和PPI加吡喹酮混合治疗组（E组），每组各10只小鼠；除A组外，其他各组每只小鼠感染（30 ± 2）条尾蚴。自感染后42 d开始，D、E组小鼠灌胃给予500 mg/kg吡喹酮，连续2 d；C、E组给予400 mg/kg PPI灌胃，连续给药30 d。HE染色观察小鼠肝组织病理学改变，测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、透明质酸（HA）、层黏连蛋白（LN）及小鼠肝组织匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH?PX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSH?R）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，采用免疫组化技术检测小鼠肝组织中转化生长因子?β（TGF?β）、α?平滑肌肌动蛋白（α?SMA）表达水平，采用实时荧光定量PCR检测Nrf2、Gsta4基因表达水平。结果　日本血吸虫感染但未予治疗小鼠出现典型血吸虫病肝病病理改变，PPI干预后能有效减轻小鼠肝虫卵肉芽肿及胶原沉积。血吸虫病肝病小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化加剧，诱导了氧化应激，小鼠血清中MDA含量增加，GSH和各种抗氧化酶含量下降。与B组相比，PPI治疗抑制了脂质过氧化，提高了GSH含量，恢复了抗氧化酶活性。此外，PPI治疗可抑制TGF?β信号通路，提升Nrf2、Gsta4基因表达水平。结论　PPI在治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化方面发挥重要作用，其内在机制可能是通过上调Nrf2和Gsta4基因表达、改善氧化应激损伤，从而抑制肝脏虫卵肉芽肿形成和肝纤维化。     

桑黄胞内多糖对白血病细胞K562的增殖抑制效应研究

背景与目的:观察桑黄胞内多糖(PLIP)对体外培养的人白血病细胞K562的增殖抑制作用,并初步探讨其作用机制.材料和方法:采用MTT法及台盼蓝拒染法测定细胞增殖抑制率和生长曲线,Hoechst-PI双荧光染色,流式细胞术和DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞凋亡.结果:PLIP在25 μg/ml、50 μg/ml、100 μg/ml、200 μg/ml、400 μg/ml、800 μg/ml剂量时均能显著抑制K562细胞增殖(P＜0.05),其中400 μg/ml剂量时抑制率最高,达52.55%,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为262.36 μg/ml,流式细胞仪检测PLIP在100 μg/ml、200 μg/ml、400 μg/ml剂量时K562细胞凋亡率分别为5.72%、13.57%、19.39%,并能诱导K562细胞出现凋亡所具有的形态学及生化特征.结论:PLIP对体外培养的人白血病细胞K562生长增殖具有明显的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与诱导K562细胞凋亡和影响细胞周期有关.     

桑黄增强人外周血单个核细胞产生γ-干扰素的研究

目的　研究桑黄对人外周血单个核细胞 (PMNCs)产生 γ-干扰素 (IFN- γ)的影响作用。方法　体外分离 PMNCs,与不同浓度的植物血凝素 (PHA- M)和桑黄水提取液培养 ,检测 IFN- γ生成量。结果　 10 0 μg/m l PHA- M对 PMNCs生成 IFN- γ的刺激效应最强 ;在此基础上 ,桑黄可进一步增强 PMNCs产生 IFN- γ,在0～ 2 0 0 μg/ ml范围内 ,随桑黄浓度升高而促进效应增强。结论　桑黄具有诱生 IFN- γ的能力 ,有利于其发挥调节机体免疫力、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用。     

First case of Tropicoporus tropicalis keratitis in an immunocompetent host from India and review of the literature

Tropicoporus tropicalis is an environmental basidiomycete that has been implicated in nine cases of cutaneous (n = 7) and pulmonary (n = 2) human infections predominantly in chronic granulomatous disease patients. We report here the first case of keratitis caused by Tropicoporus tropicalis in a 40-year-old immunocompetent patient, who presented with sudden diminution of vision in right eye. Corneal scrapings revealed hyaline, septate hyphae in microscopy and culture showed growth of white non-sporulating mycelial growth which was confirmed as Tropicoporus tropicalis by sequencing of ITS region of 28S rDNA. The patient was initiated on topical voriconazole along with natamycin, gatifloxacin and atropine drops. However, despite treatment, corneal ulcer perforated, for which penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Thereafter, he was prescribed amphotericin B (AMB) drops sixteen times a day and ketoconazole 200 mg twice a day with no recurrence reported over one year of follow up. The case represents the first case of infection by this fungus from India and also is the first case to be reported in an immunocompetent host.     

Inhibition of IgE-dependent mouse triphasic cutaneous reaction by a boiling water fraction separated from mycelium of Phellinus linteus

Phellinus linteus, a mushroom, contains constituents that exhibit potent antitumor effects through activating immune cells. Recently, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of P. linteus extracts have also been implicated. In the present study, therefore, we separated the constituents of mycelium of P. linteus into five fractions-chloroform-soluble (CF), ethyl acetate-soluble (EA), methanol-soluble (AE), water-soluble (WA) and boiling water-soluble (BW) fractions-and examined their suppressive effects on the IgE-dependent mouse triphasic cutaneous reaction. The triphasic reaction was induced in the ear of BALB/c mice passively sensitized with anti-dinitrophenol IgE by painting with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene 24 h later. Ear swelling appeared triphasically with peak responses at 1 h, 24 h and 8 days after the challenge. ME, WA and BW given orally at a dose of 100 mg kg significantly inhibited the first and second phase ear swelling, and BW also inhibited the third phase response. CF only inhibited the second phase. The inhibition by BW was the most potent and almost dose-dependent at doses of 30-300 mg kg. BW also inhibited vascular permeability increase caused by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and histamine, and ear swelling caused by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In contrast, BW apparently potentiated the production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma from anti-CD3-stimulated mouse splenocytes. These results indicate that BW derived from mycelium of P. linteus contains some constituents with anti-allergic as well as immunopotentiating properties.     

超声法提取桑黄总黄酮的工艺研究

目的：研究超声法提取桑黄中总黄酮的最佳工艺。方法：设计正交试验,采用超声辅助提取,对桑黄中总黄酮的提取工艺进行研究。结果：以总黄酮提取率为指标,得出超声法提取桑黄总黄酮的最佳工艺为乙醇浓度70％,提取温度45℃,料液比1：30,提取时间45min。结论：该工艺提取桑黄中总黄酮,方法简单,耗时短,提取率高。     

正交试验优选桑黄多酚超声提取工艺

目的:优化桑黄多酚的超声提取工艺。方法:以乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声温度和料液比为考察因素,以桑黄总多酚提取率为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验优选提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%,超声时间30 min,超声温度50℃,料液比1∶25。在此条件下,桑黄总多酚提取率可达26.4 mg·g-1。结论:采用超声辅助提取桑黄多酚,时间短、得率高,是一种高效、快捷的方法。     

Comparison of intraperitoneal anti-adhesive polysaccharides derived from Phellinus mushrooms in a rat peritonitis model

AIM: To assess the adhesion- and abscess-reducing capacities of various concentrations of polysaccharides derived from fungus, Phellinus gilvus (PG) or Phellinus linteus(PL) in a rat peritonitis model. METHODS: In 96 SD rats, experimental peritonitis was induced using the cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP). Rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups; Ringer's lactate solution (RL group), hyaluronic acid (HA group), 0.025%, 0.25%, and 0.5% polysaccharides from PG (PG0.025, 0.25, and 0.5 groups), and PL (PL0.025, 0.25, and 0.5 groups). Adhesions and abscesses were noted at 7 d after CLP. RT-PCR assay was performed to assess the cecal tissue. RESULTS: Adhesion formation was significantly reduced in PG0.25, 0.5, PL0.25, 0.5, and HA groups (2.5±0.7, 2.4±0.7, 3.8±1.0, 3.6±0.8, and 2.7±1.1, P<0.05). The incidence of abscesses was significantly reduced in all treated groups compared to RL group (58%, P<0.05). The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene expression was greatly up-regulated by increasing the concentration of polysaccharides. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA were highly expressed in PG0.25, 0.5, PL0.25, and 0.5 groups. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 0.5% polysaccharide derived from PG and PL was the optimal concentration in preventing adhesion and abscess formation and may act by modulating activity of uPA and TNF-α in a rat peritonitis model.