复合蛋白锌的基础研究与临床应用研究

给昆明小鼠服用复合蛋白锌（以下简称ＣＰＺ）,低剂量组０．４６８ｇ／ｋｇ,高剂量组４．６８ｇ／ｋｇ,观察结果表明：ＣＰＺ能使小鼠胃肠推进性蠕动加强;给Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠服用ＣＰＺ,低剂量为０．３２４ｇ／ｋｇ,高剂量为３．２４／ｋｇ,观察结果表明,ＣＰＺ能使大鼠的胃蛋白酶活性明显增强,与对照组比较差异显著。并观察了ＣＰＺ治疗小儿偏食厌食的效果     

Pepsin levels and oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Aim

To evaluate the pepsin and oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Patients and Method

Patients with a presumptive diagnosis of GERD with recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal problems aged between 2 and 14 years were included in the study. All patients underwent pH monitoring. Patients with a reflux index (RI) ≥ 4 were assessed as the reflux group, and those with an RO < 4 were assessed as the non-reflux group. Pepsin levels and oxidative stress markers [NO metabolites (NOX) and total sulphydrile (TSH) levels] were measured in the EBC.

Results

There were 24 patients in the reflux group [RI 17.6 (6.6–46.4)] [median, interquartile range] and 23 in the non-reflux group [RI 0.8 (0.5–1.9) (p < 0.001). Pepsin levels in the EBC were below the level of detection. The median levels of NOx in the EBC of children with reflux [13.7 μmol/L (7.3–24.5)] were lower in than non-reflux group [21.0 μmol/L (14.0–25.2)] (p = 0.034). There was a negative correlation between reflux index and NOX levels in EBC (rs: − 0.331, p = 0.023). In contrast, there was no difference in TSH levels between the reflux and non-reflux groups [37.4 μmol/L (30.2–44.6) vs 40.1 μmol/L (37.4–44.9), respectively, (p > 0.05)].

Conclusion

Decreased levels of NOX in patients with GER disease suggest increased oxidative stress in airways of these patients.     

针灸治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎36例临床观察

目的 :观察针灸结合治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效。方法 :慢性萎缩性胃炎患者 3 6例 ,按中医辨证 ,分型施以针灸治疗。治疗前及治疗后均进行胃镜、体表胃电图、胃酸和胃蛋白酶血中胃泌素、血中前列腺素E及胃粘膜胃泌素细胞等理化指标检查。结果 :针灸治疗本病有较好的效果 ,显效好转率达 97.2 3 % ,临床症状消失率达 97.0 2 %。治疗后可使患者血中前列腺素E等防御性因子增强 ,使患者从胃内低酸转向正常状态 ,胃动力功能增强 ,胃电图幅值回升 ,并可促使胃泌素释放 ,有利于胃酸的分泌。此外 ,针灸治疗后G细胞数目和形态及胃镜组织活检病理结果也基本恢复至正常状态。结论 :针灸治疗萎缩性胃炎简便经济 ,无副作用 ,见效快 ,疗效肯定 ,可重复性强 ,具有一定的临床意义     

东方胃药对小鼠胃排空速度及胃液总酸度等影响

目的 :探讨东方胃药部分药理作用。方法 :东方胃药能减慢正常小鼠的胃排空速度 (P<0 .0 5) ,而对胃排空功能亢进小鼠胃排空速度的减慢更为明显 (大、中剂量组 P<0 .0 1 )。东方胃药能减少大鼠胃液量总酸度和总酸排空量 (大剂量组 P<0 .0 5)及降低胃蛋白酶活性 (大、中剂量组 P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ,说明东方胃药对大鼠胃液分泌功能有一定的抑制作用。幽门螺旋菌实验研究结果表明 ,东方胃药对幽门螺旋菌标准株和临床分离株均有明显抑制作用。镇痛实验研究结果表明 ,东方胃药能明显抑制小鼠对醋酸刺激的扭体疼痛反应 (大中剂量组 P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :东方胃药对胃溃汤、胃炎有一定的治疗及预防作用。     

Gastric and cardiac H-2 receptor effects of dimaprit and N'(Me),5(Me)histamine in conscious dogs

Two new H-2 agonists 5,N'-dimethyl histamine (DMH), an imidazole analog, and dimaprit, a non-imidazole compound, and histamine (H), a mixed H-1, H-2 agonist, were given to four conscious gastric fistula dogs. Gastric acid was stimulated dose responsively. Dimaprit stimulated a 20% greater maximum output of acid, and more pepsin than the other agents, but inhibited pepsin secretion as doses of greater than 0.63 mumol/kg-h. Heart rate was increased dose responsively by all drugs to approximately 200 beats/min with ED50 of 0.17:0.42:0.80 mumol/kg-h (H:DMH:dimaprit). Normalized dose responses showed that histamine was equipotent on acid and heart rate (ED50 0.15 vs. 0.14 respectively) while DMH (ED50 0.21 vs. 0.40) and dimaprit (ED50 0.27 vs. 0.85) stimulated heart rate less effectively than acid. Histamine was more effective at reducing blood pressure, with approximate ED50 of 0.28:0.60:0.96 for H, DMH and dimaprit respectively. The results indicate considerable heterogeneity of histamine responses for different actions mediated by the H-2 receptors, as well as differences for any one action between H-2 agonists.     

Sensitive pepsin immunoassay for detection of laryngopharyngeal reflux

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine whether measurement of pepsin in throat sputum by immunoassay could be used as a sensitive and reliable method for detecting laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) compared with 24-hour double-probe (esophageal and pharyngeal) pH monitoring. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with clinical LPR undergoing pH monitoring provided throat sputum samples during the reflux-testing period for pepsin measurement using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. RESULTS: Pepsin assay results from 63 throat sputum samples obtained from 23 study subjects were compared with their pH monitoring data. Twenty-two percent (14/63) of the sputum samples correlated the presence of pepsin with LPR (pH < or = 4 at the pharyngeal probe), of which the median concentration of pepsin was 0.18 microg/mL (range 0.003-22 microg/mL). Seventy-eight percent (49/63) of the samples unassociated with (pharyngeal) reflux contained no detectible pepsin. Mean pH values for pepsin-positive samples were significantly lower than negative samples at both esophageal probe (pH 2.2 vs. pH 5.0) (P < .01) and the pharyngeal probe (pH 4.4 vs. pH 5.8) (P < .01). When the pepsin assay results were compared with the pharyngeal pH data for detecting reflux (events pH < or = 4), the pepsin immunoassay was 100% sensitive and 89% specific for LPR. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of pepsin in throat sputum by immunoassay appears to provide a sensitive, noninvasive method to detect LPR.     

水解羽毛粉营养价值的研究

为了评定水解羽毛粉的营养价值,本研究测定了10批产品和试验样本的营养成分、表现代谢能及胃蛋白酶消化率。结果表明,水解羽毛粉平均干物质含粗蛋白质89.4±1.9％,粗脂肪1.5±0.4％,粗纤维1.5±0.7％,粗灰分6.8±2.0％,表观代谢能为11.69±0.66MJ/kg,粗蛋白质的胃蛋白酶消化率为83.9±3.6％。水解羽毛粉含有动物所需要的全部必需氨基酸,但赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸不足。产品的胱氨酸含量随蒸气压力增大和蒸煮时间延长而明显减少,胃蛋白酶消化率随之提高。饲养试验证明,在肉用仔鸡饲粮中添加2.5～4.5％的水解羽毛粉,在保持氨基酸平衡时对鸡的增重和饲料耗用比(饲料/增重)有良好的影响。     

A new pepsin assay to detect pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents among newly intubated patients

Aspiration of gastric contents by endotracheally intubated patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies suggest that pepsin in tracheal aspirates may be a valuable marker of occult aspiration. We sought to show the sensitivity and specificity of a new, pepsin-specific assay in humans. A prospective, case-controlled study was conducted with subjects serving as their own controls. After planned endotracheal and nasogastric intubation for elective surgery, 20 participants had tracheal and gastric aspirates withdrawn. A blinded investigator tested samples for the presence of pepsin using the assay. Positive samples were then tested with pepstatin, a specific pepsin inhibitor, to ensure that positive results were due to pepsin. All tracheal aspirates tested negative and all gastric aspirates tested positive for pepsin. Pepstatin halted pepsin activity in all positive samples, ensuring that positive results were due to pepsin. A pepsin-specific assay is extremely reliable for detecting gastric contents in humans.