乳腺普查方法的比较

目的探讨适合我国国情的乳腺普查的方法。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2013年1月在我院乳腺查体的妇女820例的汇总资料,对触诊、超声和钼钯摄片的方法进行比较。结果触诊、超声和钼靶摄片对乳腺良性病特异性分别为90%、85%和90%;对乳腺癌准确性分别为86%、82%和86%。结论触诊、超声和钼靶摄片对乳腺疾病诊断是有效的、适合乳腺普查的方法,联合检查手段能够提高乳腺癌诊断的准确性。     

6-Hydroxylation of cortisol and urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol.

The 6β-hydroxylation of steroids in vivo, and under in vitro conditions, is well documented. Incubation studies have demonstrated that the human adrenal contains a C-6β-hydroxylase system which, after further investigation, was reported to be present in several other normal and neoplastic tissues. 6β-Hydroxycortisol was first isolated and identified from guinea-pig urine and, subsequently, in humans, following oral administration of cortisol in both cases, and was found to be the largest fraction of unconjugated steroid excreted in urine. This steroid was also excreted in elevated concentrations in late human pregnancy urine, and in newborn infants, as well as in liquor amnii of normal and pathologic pregnancies. Abnormally high levels of 6β-hydroxycortisol were present in some disease states, and it was also found that the excretion of this steroid increased after the administration of ACTH, thus showing its adrenal origin. Treatment with estrogens, and with certain drugs, has a marked effect in stimulating the metabolism of cortisol to 6β-hydroxycortisol, causing severalfold increases in the urinary excretion of this steroid in man. Since 6β-hydroxylation plays a significant role in the metabolism of cortisol in man, and with a view to studying the importance of this metabolic pathway, the most reliable index would appear to be the measurement of 6β-hydroxycortisol in urine, for which sensitive methods such as fluorimetric and radioimmunoassay procedures have recently become available. A method for the determination of the production rate measurement of 6β-hydroxycortisol has also been developed. This review has shown that the estimation of 6β-hydroxycortisol could be applied for the study of 6β-hydroxylase activity under various conditions, and to assess adrenocortical function in health and disease.     

Akt在FGF21预防糖尿病心肌病中的作用研究

目的：探索成纤维细胞生长因子21（FGF21）对糖尿病心肌病（DCM）的预防作用;解析Akt信号途径是否是介导FGF21心肌保护作用的分子机制。方法：在雄性C57BL/6J小鼠中构建2型糖尿病模型,成模后给予FGF21腹腔注射干预6个月。检测心脏功能后处死小鼠收集小鼠心脏组织。对各组小鼠心肌肥大、心脏纤维化及细胞凋亡等损伤指标进行检测。随后分离小鼠原代心肌细胞,利用高糖/高脂（HG/Pal）处理细胞模拟2型糖尿病内环境,同时给予FGF21干预及Akt2-siRNA干预39 h,检测FGF21对心肌细胞肥大、凋亡及纤维化改变的影响。结果：体内实验显示FGF21干预能显著改善糖尿病诱导的心脏功能紊乱,抑制心脏病理损伤,改善心肌肥大、心脏纤维化改变（P＜0.05）。体外研究成功模拟了2型糖尿病诱导的心肌细胞损伤,同时验证了FGF21对HG/Pal环境下心肌细胞的保护作用,证实了抑制Akt的表达及活性能完全阻断FGF21对心肌细胞的保护作用。结论：FGF21对糖尿病诱导的心肌损伤具有保护作用,而Akt信号途径是介导FGF21心肌保护作用的关键机制。     

Free fatty acids may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral-related and cardiovascular diseases

Background

Adipose tissue insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is characterized by a high rate of lipolysis, resulting in increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Among various FFAs, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), such as palmitate (Pal) and stearate, can induce inflammatory responses. Moreover, CD36 (involved in FFA uptake) and its ligands can promote sterile inflammation through the assembly of Toll-like receptor heterodimers. The involvement of these molecules and receptors in the pathogenesis of both oral-related and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated.

The Tol–Pal system of Escherichia coli plays an unexpected role in the import of the oxyanions chromate and phosphate

Chromate is a toxic metal that enters bacteria by using oxyanion importers. Here, we show that each mutant of the Tol–Pal system of Escherichia coli exhibited increased chromate resistance. This system, which spans the cell envelope, plays a major role in envelope integrity and septation. The ΔtolQR mutant accumulated three-fold less chromate than the wild-type. Addition of phosphate but not sulfate to rich medium drastically reduced chromate toxicity and import in the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the intracellular concentration of free inorganic phosphate was significantly reduced for the ΔtolR mutant in comparison to the wild-type strain. Moreover, extracellular labeled phosphate was significantly less incorporated into the ΔtolR mutant. Finally, two distinct TolQR mutant complexes, specifically affected in Tol–Pal energization without affecting the TolQRA complex structure, did not complement the ΔtolQR mutant for inorganic phosphate accumulation. We thus propose that, while the Pst system is well known to import inorganic phosphate, the Tol–Pal system participates to phosphate uptake in particular at medium to high extracellular phosphate concentrations. Since mutations disabling the Tol–Pal system lead to pleiotropic effects, chromate resistance and reduced inorganic phosphate import could occur from an indirect effect of mutations in components of the Tol–Pal system.     

房间隔缺损封堵术前后P波离散度的变化

目的 探讨房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术前后P波离散度（Pd）的变化.方法 测定65例ASD患者拟行封堵术前1 d、封堵术后3 d内体表十二导联同步心电图的P波最大时限（Pmax）、P波最小时限（Pmin）及Pd,然后分别进行对比分析.结果 封堵术前1 d及封堵术后3 d内的Pmax分别为（105.16±12.25）ms、（99.92±13.86）ms,Pmin分别为（86.61±12.41）ms、（84.76±11.75）ms,Pd分别为（18.55±9.77）ms、（15.16±7.99）ms,封堵术后3 d内与封堵术前1 d的Pmax及Pd比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 ASD封堵治疗恢复了正常右心形态及功能,缩短了心房传导时间,促进了心房电活动的稳定性,有效地预防房性心律失常的发生,肯定了ASD封堵治疗后的良好临床效果.Pd是ASD患者预测房性心律失常发生的一项重要指标.     

派特灵治疗尖锐湿疣及防复发临床研究

目的 观察派特灵对尖锐湿疣治疗的临床疗效以及复发情况的影响.方法 63例尖锐湿疣患者随机分为治疗组32例,对照组31例;治疗组采用派特灵治疗,对照组采用高频电离子治疗.结果 治疗后治疗组与对照组有效率分别为93.75%和38.71%,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组的复发率分别为6.25%与80.64%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 派特灵治疗尖锐湿疣疗效显著,无痛苦,复发率低.