Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in the Great Cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins (Blumenbach, 1798)] in northern Poland

Summary Of the 105 great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins) from northern Poland (the Vistula Lagoon and Masurian Lake District), examined in 2000–2001, 67 proved hosts of the nematode Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883). The prevalence, mean intensity, and intensity range amounted to 63.8 %, 36.2 specimens, and 1–120 specimens, respectively. The infection was heavier in the immature birds (84.6 %, 40.9 inds, and 1–120 inds) than in the adults (3.7 %, 1 ind.). The nematodes were dominated by gravid females (n=1846), followed by males (n=157), immature females (n=79), and L4 larvae (n=2). Measurements of the parasite are provided. S. squamata is a new species for the parasite fauna of Poland.     

Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鼠李糖脂分批式发酵动力学模型

根据3.7 L瑞士Bioengineer KLF2000型发酵罐分批发酵的实验数据,利用GraphPad Prism软件对假单胞菌BS-03产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的发酵动力学模型进行非线性拟合,说明Logistic模型和L-P模型能较好的描述假单胞菌BS-03发酵过程中的菌体生长、鼠李糖脂合成和限制性基质的消耗动力学。     

枯草杆菌Bacillus sp F26产过氧化氢酶的发酵条件

从内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原的盐碱湖中分离到的一株低度嗜盐嗜碱细菌Bacillus sp F26，能积累高水平过氧化氢酶（CAT）。对Bacillus sp F26发酵产过氧化氢酶的环境与营养条件的研究结果表明，其积累高水平过氧化氢酶的适宜环境条件为：温度37℃，种龄20-22h，接种量5％，装液量50mL／（250mL的摇瓶）。适宜发酵培养基组成（g／L）为：葡萄糖15，牛肉膏10，玉米浆10，酵母膏5，磷酸二氢钾1，氯化镁0．2，氯化钠50，碳酸钠10。采用上述条件进行摇瓶分批发酵实验，发酵20h，过氧化氢酶酶活达到16．32U／mL，细胞干重为4．12g／L。进一步研究发现，在对数生长后期（16h）添加2mmol／L的H2O2可以明显刺激产酶，在5L的发酵罐上进一步以指数速率方式流加H2O2，由于该流加方式可降低H2O2对细胞的毒害作用，过氧化氢酶酶活达到29．89U／mL，与分批发酵相比提高了92．8％。     

964天冷冻保存的马来微丝蚴的生物学特性

参照Ham等的二步冷冻法,在含有5％DMSO和20％小牛血清的台氏液中,马来微丝蚴冷冻保存(-196℃)964天,复苏后仍具有活力,其平均存活率达94.2％,平均正常外貌达71.4％,平均活动等级达2.45。对中华按蚊的感染率为18.4％,感染度为2.36条/只。     

当归多糖及其中性组分对巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α的影响

目的 :观察当归多糖 (ASP)及其中性组分 (ASP 1)在体内外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 (MФ)分泌TNF α的影响。方法 :直接制取小鼠腹腔MФ ,与ASP及ASP 1共同培养 16h ;ASP及ASP 112 5、2 5 0mg kg经口灌胃给药 7d ,于第 7d制取MФ ,体外培养 16h ,分别观察ASP及ASP 1在体外均可显著增强MФ对TNF α的分泌。ASP及ASP 1体内给药无直接诱导MФ分泌TNF α的功能。结论 :ASP及ASP 1在体内外均可增强小鼠腹腔MФ分泌TNF α的功能。     

中华按蚊感染马来丝虫后蚊存活率的变化

实验室驯化的中华按蚊，通过人胎盘膜，吸取含马来丝虫微丝蚴的新鲜兔血而获感染。在温度为２８℃，相对湿度为７５－８５％的实验条件下，观察了中华按蚊感染马来丝虫主存活率的变化。结果表明，感染微丝蚴密度最高组蚊的存活率比其它各组明显下降。     

旋毛虫、卫氏并殖吸虫及华支睾吸虫之间共同抗原的研究

目的鉴定旋毛虫、卫氏并殖吸虫及华支睾吸虫之间的共同抗原,避免血清学诊断这3种寄生虫病时的交叉反应。方法应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印渍(Western blot)对旋毛虫肌幼虫、卫氏并殖吸虫成虫及华支睾吸虫成虫可溶性抗原中的蛋白组分进行研究。结果旋毛虫肌幼虫、卫氏并殖吸虫成虫及华文睾吸虫成虫3者相同蛋白带的分子量为108、65、53、43、42、31、25、16 kDa。免疫印渍结果表明,旋毛虫和卫氏并殖吸虫抗原中分子量为 65、58、53kDa的蛋白带均与旋毛虫感染的大鼠、小鼠及患者血清、肺吸虫感染的大鼠和患者血清发生反应;旋毛虫和华支睾吸虫抗原中分子量为108kDa的蛋白带均与旋毛虫感染的大鼠、小鼠及患者血清、肝吸虫病患者血清发生反应;而3种可溶性抗原中的53kDa与本实验中所有寄生虫感染的动物和患者均有交叉反应。结论 65、58、53 kDa蛋白为旋毛虫和卫氏并殖吸虫的共同抗原,108kDa蛋白为旋毛虫和华支睾吸虫的共同抗原,而53 kDa蛋白为这3种寄生虫的共同抗原。     

长沙、上海、郑州、武汉中华按蚊对慈利、沔阳间日疟原虫易感性的交叉对比

来自不同疟疾疫区——长沙、上海、郑州、武汉四地区的中华按蚊,分别以羊膜饲血法感染湖南慈利或湖北沔阳两地区的间日疟原虫,交叉对比其易感性。七次实验共解剖饲血蚊541只。实验结果显示:以腺感染率和阳性腺指数为主要指标,四地区中华按蚊对间日疟原虫的易感性基本相似:两地区间日疟原虫对中华按蚊的感染力也大致相同。并讨论了可能影响人工感染率的几个因素。     

Studie über eine alte Leiche von der Zeit der Streitenden Reiche aus dem Grab Nr. 1 am Guo-Jia-Gang in Stadt Jingmen der Provinz Hubei

An ancient femal corpse excavated from the robbed tomb No. 1 at Guo-Jia-Gang in Jingmen city of Hubei Province was studied. It was confirmed that the corpse was buried more than 2 300 years ago, namely at the middle stage of the Warring States period and is the earliest one of the ancient coffin corpses unearthed in China sofar. It is of the same type as the ancient corpses of Weatern Han Dynasty excavated from tomb No. 1 at Ma-Wang-Dui in Changsha City and from the tomb No. 168 at Phoenix Hill in Jinagling City respectively. The collagenous fibers of connective tissue from all parts in the corpse were well preserved, showing fine ultrastructure with clear periodical cross banding, and a lot of bacterial spores were found between them. In addition, a large number of eggs ofclonorchis sinensis andtrichuris trichiura were found in the content of the bowel. The level and the cause of good preservation were discussed and it was believed that the good preservation may resulte from the combined effect of the internal and external environmental factors around the corpse.