批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物分析

我国奶牛养殖规模不断扩大,奶业产值比重逐步提高,给奶牛疫病防治带来巨大压力。奶牛乳房炎及细菌性肺炎等呼吸系统疾病和细菌性肠炎等消化系统疾病最为常见,抗菌药物的使用成为主要防治手段。但抗菌药物的不当使用易使细菌产生耐药性,增加临床治疗的成本和难度,危害我国奶牛产业发展。本文对截至2021年7月我国和美国、英国、日本、欧盟批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物产品进行整理、统计与分析,包括抗菌药物的分类、剂型以及适应证等,旨在为我国奶牛用抗菌药物管理、合理用药和新兽药开发提供参考。     

Biomedical Indicators of Patients with Non-Puerperal Mastitis: A Retrospective Study

Background: Non-puerperal mastitis (NPM), a recurrent chronic inflammation of non-lactating breast, often proves tremendous difficulty in treatment, and it may give rise to its complicated symptoms and unclear etiology. Furthermore, the clinical morbidity rate of NPM has been increasing in recent years. Methods: Overall, 284 patients diagnosed with NPM were consecutively recruited as cases in this study, and patients with benign breast disease (n = 1128) were enrolled as control. The clinical, biomedical, and pathological indicators were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to distinguish risks between NPM and benign breast mass patients. Furthermore, according to the pathological characteristics, the patients of NPM were classified into two subgroups: mammary duct ectasia (MDE) and granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). The differences of biomedical indicators between MDE and GLM groups were also analyzed. Results: Compared with benign breast mass group, the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) significantly decreased, while lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and blood glucose (GLU) both increased in NPM group. According to univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, the onset age and HDL-C were generally decreased, while Lp(a) and GLU were increased in NPM group. The onset age, HDL-C, Lp(a), and GLU were modeled to distinguish NPM and benign breast mass. Significant differences were also observed between MDE and GLM patients in biomedical indicators, such as lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), total cholesterol (TC), and so on. Conclusions: Our results indicated for the first time that biomarkers were associated with NPM. The biomedical indicators involved in lipid metabolism might be important factors in the development and treatment of NPM. In addition, MDE and GLM are two diseases with different inflammatory states of NPM. These findings would be helpful for a better understanding of NPM and give us some insights to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.     

中西医结合治疗肿块期肉芽肿性乳腺炎临床观察

目的:观察疏肝消痈汤治疗肉芽肿性乳腺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取符合纳入标准的肉芽肿性乳腺炎患者60例,分为两组各30例,对照组予抗生素治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用顾老经验方疏肝消痈汤口服,1周后评价两组疗效。结果:治疗后,三个症状积分比较、WBC、hs-CRP及IL-2、IL-4实验室检查结果比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组总有效率90.0%,对照组总有效率40.0%,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),治疗组明显优于对照组。结论:疏肝消痈汤对肉芽肿性乳腺炎临床治疗有效。     

肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎21例临床病理观察

目的:探讨肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(granulomatous lobular mastitis,GLM)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析21例GLM,并复习相关文献.结果:21例患者均为女性,年龄24～49岁,中位年龄31岁,均以单侧乳腺肿块就诊,可伴疼痛、皮肤红肿、破溃等.大体上肿块无包膜,切面呈实性...     

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) in a young woman with a previous history of prolactin-secreting PitNET and actual normal prolactinemia

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory condition of the breast. IGM is a benign condition, and is more typical in women of child-bearing age, with a recent history of pregnancy and breast feeding. Its clinical presentation can mimic inflammatory breast cancer or breast abscess. The etiology of IGM is not well defined, but proposed to be a localized immune reaction to the breast tissue without the presence of an underlying infectious condition.Here we report a case of a healthy 35-year-old female, with no story of pregnancy and lactation, who presented with sudden left breast lump, swelling and pain. She underwent first diagnostic ultrasound of the affected breast, then breast MR imaging was performed. A biopsy of the lesion was obtained, which revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation, confirming the diagnosis of GM. Furthermore, the patient was found to have had hyperprolactinemia secondary to a prolactinoma of the pituitary gland (PitNET) many years before, during her 20s, for which she had been treated with surgery.     

哺乳期化脓性乳腺炎伴乳漏病人患乳退奶治愈及健乳维持母乳喂养1例

<正>哺乳期化脓性乳腺炎多见于产后哺乳的妇女,以初产妇为多。胡新春[1]认为其发病原因为初产妇缺乏哺乳经验,易致乳汁淤积,乳头皲裂、乳头畸形、喂养含接不当、婴幼儿舌系带短、乳房外伤、哺乳期妇女的压力和疲劳等因素均可导致乳汁淤积。王颀等[2]认为急性乳腺炎初产妇占90%,感染途径是沿着输乳管先至乳汁淤积处,引起实质性乳腺炎或间质性乳腺炎[3]。已有脓肿形成者应及时切口引流或粗针穿刺抽脓,但3%～5%的病人并发乳漏,术后需长期换药,     

2009—2018年永靖县妇女乳腺疾病检出情况

目的:了解甘肃省永靖县妇女常见乳腺疾病类型及发生情况,为进一步深入研究和实施干预提供依据.方法:收集2009—2018年在永靖县妇幼保健院进行乳腺检查妇女的相关信息进行回顾性分析.结果:2009—2018年在永靖县妇幼保健院进行乳腺检查者6265例,共检出乳腺疾病患者2010例,其中乳腺炎218例,主要集中在40岁以下...     

清热解毒汤治疗哺乳期急性乳腺炎的回顾性研究

[目的] 探讨清热解毒汤治疗哺乳期急性乳腺炎的临床疗效。[方法] 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京中医医院乳腺科的哺乳期乳腺炎患者的临床资料,其中治疗组80例,内服清热解毒汤;对照组90例,无内服汤药。观察两组治疗前后乳腺炎的严重程度指数、疾病改善率、体温、乳房疼痛评分、乳汁通畅情况、乳头皲裂情况、中医全身症状评分等指标。[结果] 在乳腺炎的严重程度指数、疾病改善率、乳房疼痛评分、乳汁通畅情况、中医全身症状方面组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组。[结论] 清热解毒汤可有效改善哺乳期急性乳腺炎疼痛、肿块、红肿、乳汁堵塞等情况,疗效确切。     

浆细胞性乳腺炎1例治疗体会

目的:采用中药内服与外治相结合的方法治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎早期。方法:采用穿刺法抽出脓液,用甲硝唑注射液行脓腔冲洗,再配合中药内服。结果:患者疗效好、病程短。结论:在浆细胞性乳腺炎早期脓肿形成还未破溃时,采用中药内服与外治相结合的方法能很快缓解病情,防止疾病进一步发展,具有经济、有效、创伤小、防止乳房变形等优点。