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1.
《Vaccine》2022,40(42):6048-6054
BackgroundLive vaccines potentially have non-specific effects that protect against other infections than those the vaccines are targeted against. The national vaccination program (NVP) in Finland was changed on September 1st, 2006: before BCG vaccine was given to all newborn babies and afterwards to babies in risk groups only. We used this natural experiment to study the non-specific effects of BCG in the frame of NVP using before-after design.MethodsWe compared the incidence of several outcomes obtained from Finnish health registers between children born between July 1st, 2004, and June 30th, 2006 (BCG-eligible) and an age- and season-matched reference cohort born between July 1st, 2007, and June 30th, 2009 (BCG-non-eligible) using Poisson regression. These cohorts were restricted to full-term children whose parents were born in Finland. Follow-up began at birth and lasted 3 months, which is the scheduled age for DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination, and from 4 months until first birthday. The outcomes included all infections, pneumonia and injuries as a negative control outcome.ResultsThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the BCG-eligible cohort (N = 93,658) compared to BCG-non-eligible cohort (N = 94,712) for hospital-diagnosed infections was 0.89 (95 %Cl 0.86–0.93) for the 3-month follow-up. The decrease was mainly caused by respiratory infections. In 4–12 months follow-up the BCG-eligible had slightly more infections than BCG-non-eligible children (IRR 1.03, 1.01–1.06).ConclusionsBCG vaccination was associated with a lower incidence of all hospital-diagnosed infections during the first three months of life. The difference cannot be attributed to lung tuberculosis, since only few paediatric cases occurred in Finland during 2000s. The disappearance of non-specific effect after administration of an inactivated vaccine is compatible with previous studies. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2021,54(4):748-751
IntroductionThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could cause a severe acute respiratory infectious disease, showing a high mortality rate of 12–45% among cases who required intensive care unit admission. COVID-19 pneumoniaPatients and methodsFor the purpose of identifying clinical manifestations and radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, we reviewed all cases of COVID-19 pneumonia which were published by the homepage of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases from Feb 5 2020 until April 30 2020, including our cases. All patients were diagnosed based on positive results of the novel coronavirus-real-time RT-PCR with chest computed tomography (CT) findings.ResultsA total of 92 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 66 years (range 16–92 years). For all, 50 (54%) were males. The most common underlying disease was hypertension in 32 (36%). Any comorbidity was seen in 60 (67%). The mortality rate was 4 (6%). In terms of clinical symptoms on an initial visit, fever and cough were confirmed in 66 (72%) and 37 (40%). Forty-three (47%) had no respiratory symptoms. As for radiological findings by chest CT scan, ground-glass opacities (GGO)s, peripheral distribution, bilateral lung involvements were seen in 88 (96%), 76 (83%) and 78 (85%), respectively.ConclusionIt is difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 pneumonia due to poor respiratory symptoms. Chest CT findings typically show GGO, peripheral and bilateral shadows. Patients should have chest CT performed if suspected for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, resulting in a favorable outcome and prevention of secondary nosocomial transmitted infection. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2020,53(3):481-484
We reported two cases with community-acquired pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who returned from Wuhan, China in January, 2020. The reported cases highlight non-specific clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as well as the importance of rapid laboratory-based diagnosis. 相似文献
4.
《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2019,49(7):534-539
ObjectivePanton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia is an unusual cause of community-acquired pneumonia, although associated with a high case fatality. This infection mainly affects young individuals, without any history, and is most often preceded by flu-like symptoms.MethodWe focused on patients presenting with Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in Reunion (Indian Ocean) admitted to the emergency department. We performed a retrospective study based on data collected from laboratory registers and medical files of patients presenting with Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in Reunion between December 2014 and December 2017.ResultsA total of 16 patients were recruited for this study, with a median age of 40.5 years. More than half of patients had previously been admitted to the emergency department for acute respiratory distress syndrome or severe sepsis. Fourteen patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and six patients died (five premature deaths).ConclusionPhysicians should be aware of this infection during the flu season and quickly adapt the specific antibiotic treatment, including a drug inhibiting toxin production. As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is very rarely observed in Reunion, physicians can still adapt the empirical treatment, without glycopeptides. 相似文献
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肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎的临床特点和治疗方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨肝移植术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)性肺炎的临床特点和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2003年10月至2005年6月间施行肝移植的451例患者的临床资料,对肝移植术后CMV性肺炎的临床特点和治疗方法进行总结。结果 在451例患者中,发生CMV性肺炎7例,感染率为1.66%。CMV性肺炎的症状明显早于体征,7例患者均无明显诱因出现高热,约1周后逐渐出现干咳、气促、呼吸困难等;血氧饱和度降低,血气分析提示低氧血症;CMV pp65抗原检测均为阳性。CMV性肺炎患者采用更昔洛韦联合膦甲酸钠抗病毒治疗,同时采取停用免疫抑制剂、加用较大剂量的丙种球蛋白和适量的胸腺肽等的个体化免疫调节方案以及广谱抗生素等综合治疗方法,6例治愈,治愈率为85.7%。结论 CMV性肺炎的早期临床表现虽然缺乏特异性,但仍有规律可循,CMV pp65抗原检测法具有特异性和敏感性高的特点。采取联合抗病毒和个体化免疫调节等综合措施治疗CMV性肺炎效果确切。 相似文献
8.
用头孢西丁三相试验检测大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的质粒AmpC酶 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:检测质粒介导的持续高产AmpC酶在大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌中的携带率,为临床治疗提供指导。方法:采用头孢西丁纸片药敏试验(K-B法)作AmpC酶的初筛试验,头孢西丁三相试验间接法作AmpC酶的确证试验。结果:在检测的86株菌中,有9株菌K-B法初筛结果为阳性。在这9株菌中经头孢西丁三相试验确证有5株产AmpC酶,阳性率为5.8%。其中大肠埃希菌3株,肺炎克雷伯菌2株。结论:头孢西丁K-B法筛选试验结合头孢西丁三相试验可准确检出质粒介导的AmpC酶,可用于临床常规检测。 相似文献
9.
Susumu Kusunoki Atsuro Chiba Seiji Hitoshi Hajime Takizawa Ichiro Kanazawa 《Muscle & nerve》1995,18(4):409-413
Four of 82 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 1 of 12 with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), who previously had had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, had serum antibody to galactocerebroside (Gal-C). Two patients with GBS without mycoplasma infection also had anti-Gal-C antibody, whereas none of the normal or the disease controls had it. As Gal-C is a major glycolipid antigen in myelin, anti-Gal-C antibody may function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinative neuropathies. Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears to be an important preceding infectious agent in autoimmune neuropathies with anti-Gal-C antibody. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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老年肺炎患者免疫及机体的反应能力差,起病缓慢隐匿,缺乏典型症状与体征,并发病及伴发病多,治疗反应差,病死率高,诊断和治疗时均应考虑这些特点。 相似文献