九里香的抗生育作用

九里香有抗炎、抗生育和治疗跌打损伤等功效,福建省莆田县民间验方用于引产。本文对九里香的抗生育作用进行了初步研究。观察了九里香不同药用部分、不同给药途径对小鼠各妊娠阶段的抗生育作用,及其对小鼠在体和离体子宫及前列腺素E_2合用的抗早孕作     

中药九里香两种不同基原植物的药效学比较研究

对中药九里香的两种基原植物九里香(Murrayaexotica L.)和千里香(Murrayapaniculata(L.)Jack)的药效进行对比研究,为其多基原收载的合理性及临床用药的等同性提供参考.根据中药九里香的传统功效,采用小鼠扭体反应模型、大鼠足肿胀模型、小鼠胃排空及小肠推进试验、大鼠急性血瘀模型,系统地评价...     

九里香糖蛋白成分终止孕兔妊娠及其机理

从九里香Murraya paniculata(L.)Jacks.茎皮中分离得到的糖蛋白成分给孕期12-16d的孕免ip10mg/kg或羊膜腔内注射3mg/胚胎,3-5d后获得明显的终止妊娠效果。同时给黄体酮1mg/kg连续6d不能对抗其抗孕作用。组织学检查蜕膜组织有变性、坏死,炎细胞浸润,血窦瘀血和出血等情况。本品对已孕和未孕小鼠离体子宫收缩无明显改变。在麻醉状态下,给孕兔iv10mg/kg时,5-6min后子宫呈张力增强性节律收缩。幼兔连续4d ip 20mg/kg不能对抗雌二醇和黄体酮所致的内膜增生反应。治疗量10mg/kg卵巢内妊娠黄体未见有特殊变化,指示终止妊娠不是抗黄体作用的结果。该糖蛋白既无雌激素样作用,又无抗HCG活性。在终止妊娠中可能是通过对蜕膜损害和导致PG释放而起作用。     

Beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (Rutaceae) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (curry leaf) is widely used as a nephroprotective agent in kidney's infirmities among diabetics by the traditional practitioners in Malaysia. However, the latter role of curry leaf has been grossly under reported and is yet to receive proper scientific evaluation.

Aim of the study

The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional practitioners in the treatment of kidney frailties in diabetics.

Materials and methods

Aqueous (AQ) extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) was administered to both normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain). Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6) and treated with variable dose levels of AQ extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, animals were sacrificed, blood was collected, processed and stored at −70 °C for the zestimation of serum urea and creatinine, changes in plasma antioxidant capacity by FRAP assay, and glutathione peroxidase levels, in the normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Histological changes of the kidneys of these animals were also evaluated by light microscopy to determine the beneficial effect of the leaves.

Results

Daily oral administration of variable dose levels of the AQ extract for 30 days, produced significant dose dependant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels (p < 0.001), and marked increase in the levels of plasma antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01) in diabetic treated rats, compared to the control (non-diabetic) subjects. However, the normal treated rats showed minimal variation in these parameters in comparison to normal controls. Histological studies of the kidneys of these animals showed comparable tissue regeneration by the AQ extract.

Conclusion

The results of our study scientifically support the traditional belief for using the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) as adjuvant, in the treatment of pain disorders related to renal impairments among diabetics.     

Studies on the glycemic and lipidemic effect of Murraya koenigii in experimental animals

Diabetes is often accompanied by lipid abnormalities, which contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Previously, we have demonstrated potent hypoglycemic activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits for short duration of 6 h. In this study, we examined the effect of 1 month oral administration of Murraya koenigii aqueous leaves extract in normal and STZ induced severe diabetic rats, at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw, on various biochemical parameters, viz., fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), serum glutamate oxaloacetate and pyruvate transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) and serum creatinine. In case of diabetic animals fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of treated animals reduced by 48.2% after 30 days treatment with the aqueous leaves extract. A fall of 19.2 and 30.8% in TC and 22.97 and 37.1% in TG levels were also observed in the case of treated normal as well as diabetic rats, respectively. Feeding the extract increased the HDL-cholesterol level by 16 and 29.4% in normal and diabetic rats, respectively, as compared with their initial values. In the normal rats after 1 month of oral administration of the extract SGOT and SGPT levels were decreased by 21.7 and 25.0%. Serum alkaline phosphatase values of the treated normal animals were also reduced by 33% while negligible change was observed in the normal control animals. In the case of diabetic rats, SGOT and SGPT levels were reduced by 36.7 and 32.2%, respectively, whereas ALKP levels decreased by 39.7% after 1 month oral administration of the extract. The serum creatinine levels decrease in normal as well as in the diabetic animals by 17.75 and 18.2%, respectively, as compared to initial values. In the diabetic control animals the urinary sugar remains at +4 level but there was a decrease of 75% in urine sugar in the case of treated diabetic rats. This indicates that the aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii has favorable effect in bringing down the severity of diabetes.     

九里香化学成分的研究

自广东产芸香科(Rutaceae)植物九里香(Murraya paniculata(L.)Jack.)叶中分离得到六个香豆精,其中三个化合物为新的香豆精,根据光谱(UV,IR,NMR和MS)分析和化学方法确定九里香甲素(isomexoticin)九里香乙素(murpanidin)和九里香丙素(murpanicin)分别为(一)5,7-二甲氧基-8-(2′,3′-二羟基-3′-甲基丁基)香豆精(Ⅰ),(+)7-甲氧基-8-(1′,2′-二羟基-3′-甲基-3′-丁烯基香豆精(Ⅲ)和7-甲氧基-8-(1′-乙氧基-2′-羟基-3′-甲基-3′-丁烯基)香豆精(Ⅳ)。同时也得到三个已知香豆精murragatin(Ⅱ),murralongin(Ⅴ)和5,7-二甲氧基-8-(3′-甲基-2′-酮基丁基)香豆精(Ⅵ),最后一个是首次自本植物中得到的。     

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of a carbazole alkaloid,mahanimbine, from Murraya koenigii

In the search for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from Indian medicinal plants, via bioassay‐guided isolation, a carbazole alkaloid, mahanimbine [3, 5‐dimethyl‐3‐(4‐ methylpent‐3‐enyl)‐11H‐pyrano [5, 6‐a] carbazole], was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii. Inhibition of AChE was evaluated based on Ellman's method using 96‐well microplate readers. Mahanimbine inhibited AChE activity in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 0.03 ± 0.09 mg/mL, while galantamine was used as a standard. The AChE inhibitory activity of this carbazole alkaloid has not been reported so far, and this study is the first to reveal this activity in carbazole alkaloid mahanimbine, isolated from Murraya koenigii. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

千里香中多甲氧基黄酮类成分

 目的 研究千里香叶及其嫩枝中多甲氧基黄酮类成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等方法对千里香提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行分离纯化,通过现代谱学方法及其理化性质鉴定其化学结构。结果 从千里香叶及其嫩枝中分离鉴定了7个多甲氧基黄酮类化合物,分别为：5,3′-二羟基-6,7,4′,5′-四甲氧基黄酮（1）,5, 4′-二羟基-7, 3′-二甲氧基黄酮（2）,5-羟基-7, 3′, 4′-三甲氧基黄酮（3）,(2S)-5, 6, 7, 3′, 4′-五甲氧基二氢黄酮（4）,5, 6, 7, 8, 3′, 4′, 5′-七甲氧基黄酮（5）,5-羟基-6, 7, 3′, 4′-四甲氧基黄酮（6）,(2S)-5, 6, 7, 3′, 4′, 5′-六甲氧基二氢黄酮(7)。结论 化合物1~7均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

HPLC方法同时测定九里香中的三个主要成分(英文)

九里香是传统中药九里香属植物的两个基原植物之一。本研究建立了一种快速、有效的HPLC分析方法,能够实现在20分钟内同时测定九里香中两个香豆素类化合物,海南九里香内酯(1)和橙皮内酯(2),以及一个多甲氧基黄酮类化合物,3,5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-七甲氧基黄酮(3)。色谱条件为采用DIKMA Spursil C18色谱柱,乙腈–水(50:50,v/v)等度洗脱,柱温25 oC,流速1 m L/min,320 nm检测。三个主要成分分离度良好,在测试范围内线性关系良好,r>0.999;精密度、重复性、稳定性良好;平均加样回收率在100.52%–101.97%之间,RSD值小于2%。采用该方法对20批不同产地的九里香药材进行含量测定,三个主要成分的含量和在1.55–7.45 mg/g。此外,还对九里香不同部位如主茎、侧枝、嫩枝和叶,及不同采收期的药材进行了测定。结果表明,三个主要成分在嫩枝及叶中的含量明显高于主茎或侧枝中,所以药典规定以九里香的叶及嫩枝作为药用部位是合理的;六月或十月为最佳采收期;产自广东茂名市、深圳市、广西南宁市、天峨市和福建漳州市的九里香中主要活性成分的含量高于其他产地。该方法具有高效、简便的特点,可用于九里香药材及其相关产品的质量控制。     

GC-MS分析四数九里香的挥发油成分

目的 研究四数九里香挥发油的成分.方法 采用GC-MS法分析四数九里香的挥发油成分.结果与结论 从四数九里香挥发油中分离出38个组分,确认了其中的37种,主要成分为薄荷酮(53%)、异薄荷酮(14.45%)、柠檬烯(13.21%)和胡椒酮(7.96%),其中15个成分为首次从四数九里香中分离得到.