浙江宁油麻藤药用植物引种试验初报

论述了宁油麻藤Ｍｕｃｕｎａｐａｏｈｗａｓｈａｎｉｃａ种子萌发的生物学特性及其引种驯化的一些基本资料,由于该植物的种子具有休眠特性,自然萌发率低,使植物分布较为狭窄;同时其本身又是一味含多巴碱（ｄｏｐａ）的药用植物,兼有观赏价值,为此,通过人为磨破种皮的方法,解除种子休眠,促进其萌发,使萌发率达到８７％,并通过栽培,使植物生长良好,但由于种种原因,植物只开花,未见结果,因此,还需进一步加以研究。     

Anti-spermatogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Mucuna Urens

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil （vehicle） to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility （P〈0.05）. The mean sperm count for group A was 6.27±0.02×10^6, for group B was 6.16±0.02×10^6 and group C had 6.0±0.0×10^6 sperm cells The control （group D） had a mean sperm count of 6.50±0.09×10^6 which was higher than that of any treated group. Results of the sperm motility test gave the following mean rates for motile sperm cells after treatment： group A, 57.6±% 2.1; group B, 50.0±4.0; group C, 45.0±4.0. The control had the highest mean motility rate of 72.3±2.1. The observed sperm abnormalities included unusual head with large acrosome, looped tailpiece, mid piece with distal droplet, pin head, pyriform head and long hook.Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sperm in the Albino rat may lead to reduction of fertility.     

不同产地猫豆遗传多样性的ISSR分析

目的:从DNA分子水平分析不同产地猫豆的遗传多样性,探索其相互之间的亲缘关系。方法:采用简单重复序列区间(ISSR)分子标记技术对11份不同产地猫豆进行聚类分析,ISSR-聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增程序为94℃预变性4min,94℃变性45s,48~54℃退火1min,72℃延伸90s,40个循环,72℃延伸7min,10℃保存。在单因素试验基础上,通过L16(45)正交试验考察ISSR-PCR的5个主要因素(Mg2+,引物,dNTPs,模板DNA及Taq聚合酶)。运用Ntsys-pc软件和Popgene软件对11份样品进行分析。结果:ISSR-PCR反应最佳体系为模板DNA20ng,0.3μmol·L-1引物,0.15mmol·L-1的dNTPs,2.4mmol·L-1MgCl2,1UTaqDNA聚合酶(5U·μL-1),PCR缓冲液2μL,加入灭菌水至20μL。从40条ISSR引物中筛选出10条扩增条带清晰且重复性良好的引物,共扩增出97个条带,其中多态性条带25条,多态性位点比率25.8%。11份猫豆资源间的遗传相似系数0.866~0.9691,聚类分为3个大类群。结论:猫豆遗传差异与地理分布有一定关系,但整体遗传变异小,遗传稳定性强。     

Antidiabetic oligocyclitols in seeds of Mucuna pruriens

Using a combination of chromatographic and NMR techniques, the presence of D-chiro-inositol and its two galacto-derivatives is demonstrated in Mucuna pruriens seeds. The quantities detected explain the well-established antiglycaemic effect of Mucuna pruriens seeds.     

Mucuna pruriens proves more effective than L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease animal model

Seeds of the Mucuna pruriens plant, now known to contain L -DOPA, have long been used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease patients in ancient Eastern Indian ethnotherapeutics. Following validation of the intrastraital 6-OHDA injection with amphetamine in the parkinsonian rat model, the animals were fed synthetic L -DOPA (125 or 250 mg/kg) or Mucuna pruriens endocarp (MPE, 2.5 or 5.0 g/kg) mixed with rat chow (n =6, for each dose and drug). Controls received no drug. An additional dose of L -DOPA or MPE in the same doses plus carbidopa (50 mg/kg) were administered via gavage (controls received only carbidopa 50 mg/kg) 1 h prior to testing with rotometer. Contralateral rotation (to the side of the 6-OHDA lesion) (CLR) was recorded for 240 min as a measure of antiparkinsonian activity. Results indicated that dose for dose, MPE showed twice the antiparkinsonian activity compared with synthetic L -DOPA in inducing CLR in the parkinsonian animal model. This study suggests that MPE may contain unidentified antiparkinsonian compounds in addition to L -DOPA, or it may have adjuvants that enhance the efficacy of L -DOPA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative Determination of L-DOPA in Seeds of Mucuna Pruriens Germplasm by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Mucuna pruriens Linn. is an important medicinal plant used for treatment of Parkinson's disease and many others in ancient Indian medical system. L-DOPA extracted from seeds of Mucuna is a constituent of more than 200 indigenous drug formulations and is more effective as drug than the synthetic counterpart. A densitometric high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for quantification of L-DOPA content present in the seeds extract. The method involves separation of L-DOPA on precoated silica gel 60 GF(254) HPTLC plates using a solvent system of n-butanol-acetic-acid-water (4:1:1, v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantification was done at 280 nm using absorbance reflectance mode. Linearity was found in the concentration range of 100 to 1000 ng/spot with the correlation coefficient value of 0.9980. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and repeatability. Mean recovery was 100.89%. The LOD and LOQ for L-DOPA determination were found to be 3.41 ng/spot and 10.35 ng/spot respectively. The proposed HPTLC method was found to be precise, specific and accurate for quantitative determination of L-DOPA. It can be used for rapid screening of large germplasm collections of Mucuna pruriens for L-DOPA content. The method was used to study variation in fifteen accessions of Mucuna germplasm collected from different geographical regions.     

Blood chemistry of rats pretreated with Mucuna pruriens seed aqueous extract MP101UJ after Echis carinatus venom challenge.

The effect of a lethal Echis carinatus venom on serum enzyme levels and blood plasma coagulation parameters in rats pretreated with Mucuna pruriens seed aqueous extract MP101UJ (21 mg/kg body wt) 24 h and 3 wk before i.p venom injection (0.50 mg/kg rat) and rats injected with venom alone (0.50 mg/kg body wt) was investigated. The enzyme levels and coagulation parameter levels were measured 4 h after venom administration. The results showed that the increased enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), creatinine kinase (CK) and changed coagulation parameters D-Dimer and Quick levels due to the venom effect were inhibited by M. pruriens seed aqueous extract MP101UJ in pretreated rats. Rats pretreated with a single dose (21 mg/kg and multiple doses 21 mg/kg rat) of extract MP101UJ maintained the normal enzyme levels and showed an anticoagulant effect as evidenced by the high PTT level which was also observed in venom treated animals. D-Dimer and Quick values were normal. However, the extract MP101UJ appeared to significantly inhibit the lethal venom induced myotoxic, cytotoxic and coagulation activities in experimental animals.     

Antimutagenic potential of the Thai herb, Mucuna collettii Lace

Mucuna collettii Lace is a Thai herb with a long record of consumption among mature Thai males for the promotion of sexual potency. The mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of Mucuna collettii extract were carried out by using the Ames test pre-incubation method in the presence and absence of S9 mixture. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 were applied as the tester strains. Prior to mutagenic and antimutagenic tests, the survival of the tester strains was performed by treating with the plant extract. Results showed Mucuna collettii extract exhibited strong cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Toxicity of the plant was confirmed in mice in which negative adverse effect was found in kidney, uterus, ovary, and testis. Mucuna collettii extract in the presence and absence of S9 mixture was negative for mutagenic Ames test. Mucuna collettii extract in the presence and absence of S9 mixture was positive for antimutagenic Ames test towards either one or both of the tested mutagens: 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide (AF-2) and benzo(a)pyrene. The antimutagenic activity of the plant extract was confirmed in rec-assays. Micronucleus test demonstrated that Mucuna collettii extract at high dose and a long incubation time could induce micronucleus formation in tested animals, but less than the response of the positive control. The overall mutagenic and antimutagenic assays are further evidences for the antimutagenic potential of Mucuna collettii.