Prise en charge nutritionnelle d’une ascite chyleuse

Chylous ascitis is a rare cause of ascitis. Most of the time, it results of retroperitoneal lymph node or duct dissection during abdominal or urological surgery; it is rarely due to lymphatic obstruction (neoplasia). Nutritional damage is major and severely impairs prognosis. Malnutrition is due to the necessity to avoid fatty acid in meal to reduce chylous leakage. Diagnosis is based on patient's clinical history and cytologic and biochemical ascitis analyses. Treatment combines the correction of nutritional status and therapy of the causative disease. Oral diet or enteral nutrition with low content of long chain triglyceride, thus enriched in medium chain triglyceride, is the major therapeutic option of chylous ascitis.     

Can Labor Market Policies Reduce Deaths of Despair?

Do minimum wages and the earned income tax credit (EITC) mitigate rising “deaths of despair?” We leverage state variation in these policies over time to estimate event study and difference-in-differences models of deaths due to drug overdose, suicide, and alcohol-related causes. Our causal models find no significant effects on drug or alcohol-related mortality, but do find significant reductions in non-drug suicides. A 10 percent minimum wage increase reduces non-drug suicides among low-educated adults by 2.7 percent, and the comparable EITC figure is 3.0 percent. Placebo tests and event-study models support our causal research design. Increasing both policies by 10 percent would likely prevent a combined total of more than 700 suicides each year.     

Hypertension in Jordanian children: a retrospective analysis of 70 cases

Seventy patients, aged 1–20 years, were seen at Jordan University Hospital with high blood pressure (BP) over a 3-year period. BP values ranged from 140 to 230 mmHg for systolic pressure and from 90 to 130 mmHg for diastolic pressure. Essential hypertension was seen in only 6 patients (8.6%); secondary hypertension (n=64 or 91.4%) was due to renal parenchymal diseases (RPD) in 46 patients (65.7%), reno-vascular lesions in 8 (11.4%), renal transplantation in 5 (7.2%), teenage pregnancy in 4 (5.7%), and phaeochromocytoma in 1 patient (1.4%). The aetiologies of RPD were as follows: end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis in 14 patients, acute glomerulonephritis in 14, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in 10, chronic renal insufficiency in 5, and polycystic kidney in 3 patients. Surgical cure of hypertension was achieved in 5 of the children with reno-vascular lesions and in the patient with phaeochromocytoma.     

Tityus perijanensis González-Sponga (Scorpiones, Buthidae): molecular assessment of its geographical distribution and venom lethality of Venezuelan populations.

An extensive field survey allowed us to expand the geographical distribution of the scorpion Tityus perijanensis in the Perijá range, western Zulia State, Venezuela, including areas where adult cases of severe scorpionism have been reported. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, DL(50) determination, and native PAGE suggest low genetic and venom proteomic divergence across the distribution range. The results also indicate phylogenetic divergence between T. perijanensis and T. discrepans, the species prevalent in northcentral Venezuela. T. perijanensis venom lethality (0.91-0.94 mg/kg) is comparable to that of the Brazilian T. serrulatus and ranks highest among toxic Venezuelan Tityus studied so far. The data indicate that the Perijá range should be included amongst the endemic areas of scorpionism of Venezuela and Colombia.     

Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the leaf essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eugenia zuchowskiae</Emphasis> from Monteverde,Costa Rica

The leaf essential oil of Eugenia zuchowskiae from Monteverde, Costa Rica, has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. The principal constituents of E. zuchowskiae leaf oil were α-pinene (28.3%), β-caryophyllene (13.2%), α-humulene (13.1%), and α-copaene (8.1%). The leaf essential oil of E. zuchowskiae showed pronounced in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and UACC-257 human tumor cell lines. The major components showed cytotoxic activities comparable to doxorubicin (LC₅₀ 14–70 μg/ml).     

原发性高血压患者微量白蛋白尿与血压及左室重塑的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者微量白蛋白尿(MCA)与血压及左室重塑的关系.方法 84名EH患者按24h尿微量白蛋白值分为微量白蛋白尿组(MCA组)和正常白蛋白尿组(NMCA组),进行动态血压、心脏超声检测,比较两组动态血压值、左室重量指数(LVMI)及左室重塑的特点.结果 MCA组平均收缩压、平均舒张压、脉压、平均动脉压均高于NMCA组(均P＜0.01);MCA组LVMI、左室肥厚与向心性肥厚的发生率均高于NMCA组(均P＜0.01),正常构型率低于NMCA组(P=0.01).LVMI与尿微量白蛋白值、平均收缩压、平均舒张压均呈显著的正相关(均P＜0.05).结论合并有MCA的EH患者血压较高,LVMI较大,左室肥厚与向心性肥厚的发生率较高.MCA与血压及左室重塑密切相关.     

特发性震颤的临床特点分析

目的探讨特发性震颤（essential tremor,ET）的临床特点。方法回顾性分析98例ET患者的临床资料。结果98例ET中男56例,女42例。发病年龄6～72岁,平均43．08±18．18岁。病程1～48年,平均14．04±11．39年。48例（48．98％）患者有阳性家族史。临床主要表现为单症状的姿势性震颤,累及部位依次为手98例（100％）、头38例（38．78％）、下肢28例（28．57％）、咽喉部16例（16．33％）、下颏10例（10．20％）等。64例患者做了饮酒试验,其中58例（90．63％）有酒精反应。84．62％的患者服用盐酸阿罗洛尔治疗有效。结论特发性震颤的临床表现以单症状姿势性震颤为主,手及头部受累明显,多数患者对酒精有反应,盐酸阿罗洛尔治疗有效。