Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunochemical profile after Junin virus infection of rat cultured astrocytes

After five steps of purification including gel permeation, anti-angiotensin I affinity column chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC, a peptide immunoreactive to two different antisera (anti-angiotensin I) was purified to homogeneity from extracts of the leech Theromyzon tessulatum. The first 14 amino acid residues of the purified peptide (DRVYIHPFLLXWG) established by automated Edman degradation, reveal the existence in leeches of an angiotensin I-like molecule close to human angiotensin I. The sequence of the purified peptide presents 78.5% of homology with the N-terminal part of human angiotensin. Moreover, in its sequence, this peptide presents the cleavage sites of vertebrate angiotensin metabolic enzymes, i.e. the renin and the angiotensin-converting enzyme. This finding constitutes the first biochemical characterization of an angiotensin I in Invertebrates. It also reflects the high conservation of angiotensins in the course of evolution, suggesting a fundamental role of this family in fluid homeostasis.     

含大黄、水蛭等中药复方对肾大部切除大鼠肾脏保护作用的研究

目的 :观察大黄、水蛭等对肾大部切除所致大鼠慢性肾衰保护作用的影响。方法 :采用 5 6肾大部切除模型 ,并随机分成假手术组 ,肾大部分切除组 ,包醛氧淀粉组 ,肾衰宁组及大黄、水蛭等高、中、低剂量组。采用ELISA法观察各组动物肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)水平 ,同时观察大鼠 2 4h尿蛋白、尿素氮 (BUN)、血肌酐 (Scr)的变化。结果 :大黄、水蛭等能减少尿蛋白 ,降低TNF α、BUN、Scr,以低剂量组效果最佳 ,与模型组比较有显著性差异。结论 :大黄、水蛭等对肾大部切除大鼠的肾脏具有保护作用 ,可减轻肾脏的损害。     

水蛭分子鉴定方法的研究进展

水蛭基原复杂、市场混乱、传统方法难以有效鉴别,临床用药的安全性无法保障。分子鉴定方法根据生物间的分子特征差异进行鉴定,不受自然环境、生长发育阶段等外部因素影响,具有快速、准确、客观的特点。目前应用于水蛭的分子鉴定方法有:基于核酸的RAPD技术、SSR技术、DNA条形码技术和基于蛋白质的SDS-PAGE技术、同工酶分析技术,本文在简述水蛭不同分子鉴定方法研究进展的基础上,对水蛭不同分子鉴定方法的技术和应用特点进行比较,最后对DNA宏条形码技术、Target-sequencing技术、电化学传感检测技术在水蛭混合物,特别是中成药中水蛭成分的鉴定进行展望,旨在为水蛭鉴定方法的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

Sustained bleeding from bites of hatchling leeches

Prolongation of haemostatic parameters in the host achieved by hatchlingHirudo medicinalis differs quantitatively but not qualitatively from those achieved by adult leeches. The duration and the rate of blood loss from the bite wounds, the gain in body weight of leeches and the duration of feeding each increase with successive feeding episodes. The mean duration of bleeding from bite wounds of hatchling leeches feeding for the first time on human volunteers was 43 min compared to 6 min from control incisions and 600 min in adult leeches. The mean ‘whole body’ concentration of hirudin in 2-week-old hatchlings was 10 antithrombin units (AT-U) compared to 285 AT-U in the head of each adult leech.     

慢性肾衰的中医诊治体会

慢性肾功能衰竭是多种疾病导致肾功能减退的临床综合征.治疗难以见效、预后差.近年来,根据中医的生理、病理机制,采用中药排毒、扶正、活血化瘀等治则,在防治、延缓早中期肾功能衰竭方面取得了较好疗效.     

Unexpected Result in the Etiological Approaching to an Anemic Case: A Leech Infestation

One of the causes of the childhood anemia is gastrointestinal system bleeding, which rarely results from parasites. The authors report on a 3-year-old boy with severe anemia and a history of hematemesis. While they were investigating the cause of the anemia and the hematemesis, a leech showing itself in the nasal passage led to a quick and exact treatment. Leeches should be considered for differential diagnosis of anemia and gastrointestinal system bleeding in the children.     

酒火炙水蛭的生物活性考察

目的:评价酒火炙水蛭的生物活性及安全性。方法:采用SNK法统计生水蛭、酒炙水蛭、酒火炙水蛭3组的抗凝血酶活性,并进行小鼠最大给药量实验:给予小鼠156mg酒火炙水蛭1d的最大给药量(相当于《中国药典》规定成人每日最大服用量的130倍)。结果:传统酒炙水蛭组与生水蛭组、酒火炙水蛭组比较,均有显著性差异P<0.05;酒火炙水蛭组与生水蛭组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。安全性实验小鼠未见异常,无死亡。结论:酒火炙水蛭具有较好抗凝活性,且用药安全。     

水蛭炮制的初步药理研究

比较了水蛭生品、传统烫制品及新法制品的抗凝血、抗血栓作用,并考察了其安全性。     

The Ozobranchus leech is a candidate mechanical vector for the fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus found latently infecting skin tumors on Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of marine turtles is a neoplastic disease of ecological concern. A fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) is consistently present, usually at loads exceeding one virus copy per tumor cell. DNA from an array of parasites of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) was examined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine whether any carried viral loads are sufficient to implicate them as vectors for FPTHV. Marine leeches (Ozobranchus spp.) were found to carry high viral DNA loads; some samples approached 10 million copies per leech. Isopycnic sucrose density gradient/qPCR analysis confirmed that some of these copies were associated with particles of the density of enveloped viruses. The data implicate the marine leech Ozobranchus as a mechanical vector for FPTHV. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of FPTHV gene expression indicated that most of the FPTHV copies in a fibropapilloma have restricted DNA polymerase expression, suggestive of latent infection.     

5种水蛭中尿嘧啶,黄嘌呤,次黄嘌呤的含量比较

采用反相HPLC法测定了宽体金线蛭、光润金线蛭、尖细金线蛭、日本医蛭、菲牛蛭及不同产地的宽体金线蛭中尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤的含量。色谱柱为Shim-pack CLC-ODS C_(18)柱,流动相:0.05mol/l的磷酸氢二铵溶液(pH=8.4),流速:0.8ml/min,检测波长:254nm,回收率:>98.0％。本法准确、快速、重现性好。