The proliferation rate of intracranial tumors as defined by the monoclonal antibody KI 67. Application of the method to paraffin embedded specimens

60 intracranial tumors have been studied immunohistochemically to determine the proliferation rate by staining for the monoclonal antibody KI-67, which recognizes a nuclear antigen expressed by cells in proliferation. In gliomas a clear correlation of stained nuclei to the histologically determined degree of malignancy was found: slow growing astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas had an average proliferation rate of 1%, more malignant forms of 7–10%. Glioblastomas were found to have a growth fraction of 15%. Metastases had an even higher rate of 20% proliferating cells. In meningiomas the proliferation rate was mainly about 1%, but in three cases it was between 5% and 7%. Whether this is indicative for a higher risk of tumor recurrence, remains to be correlated to the clinical course. Hemangiopericytomas had a proliferation rate of 9% and 16%, respectively, the latter recurring within four months. It may be concluded from the results of this study, that investigation of intracranial tumors with KI 67 may be of prognostic value and can possibly contribute to an individualized tumor therapy.     

电针对佐剂关节炎大鼠脊髓单胺类递质含量的影响

为观察电针局部取穴对佐剂关节炎大鼠脊髓单胺类递质含量的影响, 将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ 雄性大鼠２１ 只, 随机分为正常对照组、佐剂关节炎模型组和电针局部取穴加模型组, 电针局部取穴组针刺患侧太溪、昆仑穴,接Ｇ－ ６８０５ 电针仪, 频率１５ Ｈｚ, 时间２０ ｍｉｎ , 隔日针刺１ 次。于实验后１４ ｄ 上午取脊髓组织, 测定５－ 羟色胺（５－ ＨＴ） 、多巴胺（ＤＡ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ） 、５ － 羟吲哚乙酸（５ － ＨＩＡＡ） 的含量。结果： 电针局部取穴组脊髓５ － ＨＴ、５ － ＨＩＡＡ含量均显著升高, 脊髓ＮＡ、ＤＡ含量显著下降。结果表明脊髓单胺类递质参与炎性痛大鼠电针镇痛的调制过程     

太溪穴临床应用举隅

太溪穴为足少阴肾经的输穴、原穴。介绍太溪穴的针灸操作方法、适应症及其治疗鼻衄、便秘、牙痛验案三则。     

维生素K1软胶囊的人体药动学及生物等效性研究

目的:建立人血浆中维生素K1浓度的HPLC-APCI-MS测定方法,并评价维生素K1软胶囊的药动学特征及其与维生素K1片剂的人体生物等效性.方法:20 名男性健康受试者随机分成2 组,分别交叉口服受试制剂和参比制剂各 10 mg,采用HPLC-APCI-MS法测定人血浆中维生素K1的浓度,估算维生素K1的药动学参数及两种制剂的人体生物等效性.结果:血浆中维生素K1的最低定量限为 0.3 ng·mL-1,在0.3～1000 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,批内及批间精密度RSD均小于15%.受试制剂与参比制剂的各主要药动学参数:tmax分别为(5.5±0.8)h和(5.0±0.8)h,cmax分别为(210.1±86.7)ng·mL-1和(194.8±60.6)ng·mL-1,t1/2分别为(8.8±1.7)h和(8.7±2.1)h,用梯形法计算AUC0～48分别为(1032.6±204.6)ng·h·mL-1和(1053.9±185.7)ng·h·mL-1.两种制剂的主要药动学参数cmax,AUC0～48经对数转换后进行方差分析及双单侧t检验,并计算90%置信区间,表明两种制剂生物等效,相对生物利用度为(99.7±21.2)%.结论:两种制剂生物等效.     

Selective inhibitors of type I receptor kinase block cellular transforming growth factor-beta signaling

Transforming growth factor (TGFbeta) is a 25-kDa dimeric polypeptide that plays a key role in a variety of physiological processes and disease states. Blocking TGFbeta signaling represents a potentially powerful and conceptually novel approach to the treatment of disorders in which the signaling pathway is constitutively activated, such as cancer, chronic inflammation with fibrosis and select immune disorders. In this paper, we describe the biological properties of a novel series of quinazoline-derived inhibitors of the type I transforming growth factor receptor kinase (TbetaKIs) that bind to the ATP-binding site and keep the kinase in its inactive conformation. These compounds effectively inhibited TGFbeta-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in cultured cells in vitro with an IC(50) between 20 and 300 nM. Moreover, TbetaKIs were able to broadly block TGFbeta-induced reporter gene activation. Finally, TbetaKIs inhibited TGFbeta-mediated growth inhibition of normal murine mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) and mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu), and TGFbeta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) of NMuMG cells. Thus, these chemical TbetaKIs have the potential to be further developed as anti-cancer and -fibrosis agents. In addition, they represent valuable new tools for dissecting the biochemical mechanisms of TGFbeta signal transduction and understanding the role of TGFbeta signaling pathways in different physiological and disease processes.     

针刺太溪穴 丘墟穴的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的通过脑功能磁共振成像了解针刺太溪穴、丘墟穴的脑功能区信号变化情况。方法收集12名健康志愿者,实验采用组块刺激模式(静息阶段与刺激阶段交替出现,重复3次,每个阶段持续60 s),按照随机配对数字表,分别手法捻转行针刺右侧太溪穴、丘墟穴(捻转角度180°,频率1.5 Hz),使用SPM2对扫描后图像进行后处理以观察激活图、激活区的差别。结果在校正像情况下(组分析,FWE,0.05,K≥10),针刺太溪穴主要激活右侧颞上回BA22,左侧额中回BA46,其次为左右顶叶中央后回BA2、BA3,左额叶额下回BA45。针刺丘墟穴主要激活左侧颞上回BA42、BA22,其次为右顶叶中央后回BA40、BA43,右额叶额下回BA47,右颞叶颞上回BA22和左侧脑岛BA13。结论针刺与认知相关的太溪穴、丘墟穴的脑部主要激活区域位于额颞顶叶,这些激活区功能与听觉及智能相关。     

针刺“三气穴”治疗妇科疾病验案4则

“三气穴”既气海、气穴、气门,分别属于任脉穴、肾经穴及经外奇穴,此三穴均位于脐下小腹部,具有调补冲任、壮元益肾、滋阴养血之功。笔者在临床中,将“三气穴”应用于妇科疾病的治疗,疗效颇佳。现举例如下。     

The role of polyomaviruses in human disease

The human polyomaviruses, BK virus and JC virus, have long been associated with serious diseases including polyomavirus nephropathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Both viruses establish ubiquitous, persistent infections in healthy individuals. Reactivation can occur when the immune system is impaired, leading to disease progression. Recently, the human polyomavirus family has expanded with the identification of three new viruses (KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomavirus), all of which may prove to be involved in human disease. This review describes the general aspects of human polyomavirus infections and pathogenicity. Current topics of investigation and future directions in the field are also discussed.     

Current applications of molecular imaging and luminescence-based techniques in traditional Chinese medicine

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is fundamentally different from Western medicine, has been widely investigated using various approaches. Cellular- or molecular-based imaging has been used to investigate and illuminate the various challenges identified and progress made using therapeutic methods in TCM. Insight into the processes of TCM at the cellular and molecular changes and the ability to image these processes will enhance our understanding of various diseases of TCM and will provide new tools to diagnose and treat patients.

Materials and methods

Various TCM therapies including herbs and formulations, acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, Gua Sha, and diet therapy have been analyzed using positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound and optical imaging. These imaging tools have kept pace with developments in molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and computer technology.

Results

We provide an overview of recent developments in demystifying ancient knowledge - like the power of energy flow and blood flow meridians, and serial naturopathies - which are essential to visually and vividly recognize the body using modern technology.

Conclusions

In TCM, treatment can be individualized in a holistic or systematic view that is consistent with molecular imaging technologies. Future studies might include using molecular imaging in conjunction with TCM to easily diagnose or monitor patients naturally and noninvasively.