尼氏小体染色方法的改进及其在神经病理学研究中的应用

组织或细胞的染色在病理学诊断、科学研究和教学工作中,都具有非常重要的意义和使用价值。组织切片染色的质量好坏对于医学诊断,科研和教学至关重要。为了更好的研究神经组织,使医学诊断、科研和教学工作更为方便,本文对Toluidine Blue(甲苯胺蓝)染色方法做了一些改进。在传统的甲苯胺蓝染色过程中,仅考虑对细胞核和尼氏小体进行染色,未考虑细胞浆和其他细胞器:而改进后的甲苯胺蓝染色方法在甲苯股蓝染色后用伊红再染色,既考虑对细胞核和尼氏小体进行染色,也对细胞浆进行了染色。结果显示传统的Toluidine Blue染色结果光镜下观察,细胞核和尼氏小体都可见,即尼氏小体为深蓝色,细胞核为蓝色,染色背景为淡蓝色;改进后的染色结果光镜下观察,尼氏小体为紫蓝色,细胞核为蓝色,染色背景为粉红色。可见,改进后的染色方法染出的组织切片比传统的要清晰、美观。随着科学技术的飞速发展,病理学的研究也随之发展,病理技术势必进一步提高,来适应科技的进步和医学的发展。改进的尼氏小体染色法能够使脑组织切片更清楚观察,更有利于医学工作者对神经组织及尼氏小体的研究。     

Red cell transfusion in medicine: Future challenges

Many side-effects of red blood cell transfusion have been described. They include iron-overload, as well as allo- and autoantibody formation against red cells. During storage, erythrocytes undergo complex structural and biochemical changes. It has been suggested that accelerated and/or aberrant forms of the physiological erythrocyte aging process underlie the red cell storage lesion. This storage lesion may contribute to side-effects of transfusion as endothelial damage by release of internal erythrocyte constituents, (pro)inflammatory consequences, hampered microcirculation and oxygen delivery. Understanding the process that determines the fate of red blood cells after transfusion may contribute to the prevention of side-effects after red blood cell transfusion. This should be the focus of research on red blood cell transfusion in clinical transfusion medicine.     

均营素匀浆膳对 COPD 模型大鼠的营养改善作用

目的探讨均营素匀浆膳的应用对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）模型大鼠的营养改善作用。方法21只雄性sD大鼠随机分为3组：对照组（Comrol）,COPD阳性对照组（COPD-c）,COPD营养干预组（COPD-1）。以气管注射脂多糖联合被动吸烟4周建立大鼠COPD模型,再将两组COPD大鼠分别给予基础饲料和均营素喂养5周。每天计算进食量,每周称量体重。第9周末在小动物肺功能测定仪上检测各组大鼠肺功能,后处死动物,取血样。检测各组大鼠血清白蛋白和前清蛋白水平。结果9周末,COPD．C和COPD-I组体重均显著低于Comwl组（P〈0．05）,COPD．I组显著高于COPD．C组（P〈0．05）。COPD．C和COPD-I组4周和5周累计能量摄人均显著低于Comwl组（P〈O．05）,COPD—C和COPD-I组差异均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。COPD-C和COPD-I组用力肺活量（FVC）、0．3s用力呼气容积（FEV0.3）和FEV0.3／FVC百分比均显著低于Control组（P〈0．05）,COPD-C和COPD-I组比较均差异无统计学意义。9周末,COPD—C和COPD．I组血清白蛋白和前清蛋白均显著低于Contwl组（P〈0．05）,COPD-I组均显著高于COPD-C组（P〈O．05）。结论均营素匀浆膳的应用对改善COPD模型大鼠的营养状态有一定作用。     

某燃煤火力发电有限责任公司职业病危害整改后的效果分析

目的了解工作场所职业病危害整改后的效果,为防治职业病提供科学依据。方法按《建设项目职业病危害评价规范》要求,采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康体检和检查表分析法,并对结果进行比较分析。结果个体检测粉尘合格率提高了52.38%,定点检测粉尘合格率提高了34.38%,发放的耳塞降噪效果能满足防噪需要。结论建设单位在按照建议内容进行改进后,该项目职业病危害得到明显改善。     

不同液体复苏方法对重症胸部创伤合并休克患者ARDS发生率及预后的改善作用

目的：：探讨急诊手术对重症胸部创伤合并休克患者ARDS发生率及预后的改善作用。方法：随机选取我院2014年5月至2016年5月收治的112例重症胸部创伤合并休克患者,依据急诊手术方法将这些患者分为常规液体复苏组( n＝56)和限制液体复苏组( n＝56)两组,对两组患者的临床疗效、ARDS等并发症发生情况及死亡情况进行统计分析。结果：限制液体复苏组患者治疗的总有效率显著高于常规液体复苏组( P<0.05),ARDS、脓胸、肺部感染发生率及死亡率均显著低于常规液体复苏组( P<0.05)。结论：急诊手术中限制液体复苏法较常规液体复苏法更能有效降低重症胸部创伤合并休克患者ARDS发生率,改善其预后。     

A comprehensive review of intake estimates of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) based on indirect exposure models and urinary biomonitoring data

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is a high molecular weight general purpose plasticizer used principally in the manufacture of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) articles. DINP metabolites can be measured in biological media such as blood and urine. However, measurement of a substance in the blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes or is associated with adverse health outcomes. This is particularly pertinent given the advances in modern analytical techniques whereby ever diminishing trace amounts of substances can be detected. Therefore, it is a scientific necessity that risk assessors understand the relationship of biomonitoring data to estimation of exposure so that appropriate comparisons can be made to the no observed adverse effects levels (NOAELs) or other points of departure from toxicological studies in animals. In this paper, estimates of daily DINP intake are calculated for various population segments based on urinary biomonitoring data and are compared to estimates of exposure based on indirect methods and to health-based exposure guidance values. In general, intake estimates converge on a mean of 1–2 μg/kg/day regardless of source of exposure or population cluster; a value 2-orders of magnitude lower than health-based exposure guidance values, ranging from 120 to 290 μg/kg/day, which have been established by regulatory authorities and other authoritative bodies as representing acceptable levels.     

Australia

In the context of Australia's land, people, and turbulent social history, this article explores the Australian health care system, the health issues of Aboriginals, and the role of the social worker in health care.     

改良Pemberton截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨治疗发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)更完善的手术方法.方法 1994年3月～2002年12月,对DDH髋臼浅而小、股骨头大的48例49个髋关节,在通常术式的基础上,对Pemberton截骨术式进行改良,将截骨点上移,扩大翻转骨瓣面积;取髂骨全层骨板连带附着的骨膜植骨;增厚的关节囊制成两层,内层紧缩关节,外层稳定骨瓣.术后观察髋关节功能,X线片显示的截骨愈合程度、髋臼对股骨头包容程度及有无股骨头坏死等. 结果随访18个月～5年,按照周永德疗效评定标准,总计26～30分18例18髋,21～25分27例27髋,16～20分2例3髋,15分以下1例1髋,总优良率达93.8%. 结论改良Pemberton截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位可增大股骨头包容,避免了传统术式减少髋臼容积的缺点,更有利于稳定关节,扩大了手术适应证.     

The differential effect of BMI on prosthetic versus autogenous breast reconstruction: A multivariate analysis of 12,986 patients

BackgroundThe comparative safety of breast reconstruction in obese patients remains to be clearly defined. This study utilized multi-institutional data to characterize the effect of body mass index (BMI) on breast reconstruction outcomes.MethodsUtilizing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, patients undergoing tissue expander, pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and free flap breast reconstruction were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified as obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30). Overall postoperative morbidity, flap complications, non-flap complications, and reoperation rates were compared among the groups.ResultsOf 12,986 patients who underwent breast reconstruction, 3636 (28.0%) were obese. Overall morbidity was significantly elevated in obese patients across all forms of reconstruction (p < 0.05). BMI was correlated with increased surgical complications for tissue expander, pedicled TRAM, and free flap reconstructions (OR = 1.09, OR = 1.05, OR = 1.10, respectively; p < 0.05). Medical complications were higher in obese patients undergoing tissue expander and pedicled TRAM reconstructions (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in latissimus and free flap reconstruction patients. Compared with obese tissue expander recipients, obese patients reconstructed using autologous tissue had higher rates of reoperations (12.8% versus 9.1%), overall morbidity (18.0% versus 9.5%), surgical (12.7% versus 8.3%), and medical complications (9.0% versus 2.2%).ConclusionsThe NSQIP database allows for evaluation and comparison of reconstructive outcomes in the obese population. Increased BMI was associated with higher morbidity in autologous reconstruction than tissue expander reconstruction. Among autologous procedures, latissimus flaps experienced the lowest captured 30 day morbidity.