药用老鹳草原植物分布概述

通过对药用老鹳草常用品种及其同属原植物地区分布的概述，总结了目前国内外对药用老鹳草研究的各品系，为今后规范中药材的使用，以及开发更多的代用品提供相关前期基础。     

老鹳草对小鼠无水乙醇型胃溃疡的影响

目的探讨老鹳草抗小鼠胃溃疡的机制,为临床使用中药治疗无水乙醇型胃溃疡提供理论依据。方法该实验通过检查胃溃疡指数,检测血清中NO含量,测定胃黏膜中PGE2的含量,来观察老鹳草提取物对无水乙醇型小鼠胃溃疡模型的影响。结果老鹳草水提物组能明显降低溃疡指数(P<0.01),提高血清中NO含量(P<0.01);老鹳草醇提物组能明显提高模型小鼠胃黏膜中PGE2的含量(P<0.05)。结论老鹳草提取物可对抗无水乙醇型小鼠胃溃疡,其中老鹳草水提物抗溃疡作用优于醇提物。     

Hypoglycaemic activity of Geranium core-core,Oxalis rosea and Plantago major extract in rats

The hypoglycaemic activity of ‘Core-core’ (Geranium core-core, Geraniaceae), ‘Culle’ (Oxalis rosea, Oxalidaceae) and ‘Llantén’ (Plantago major, Plantaginaceae) crude extracts was assessed in normoglycaemic rats. Furthermore, the hypoglycaemic activity of Core-core extract was evaluated in alloxan-diabetic rats. A single oral dose of 500 mg/kg Core-core extract significantly reduced glycaemia in normal rats under glucose tolerance test conditions (p < 0.01), while Culle and Llantén were devoid of activity. The effect was lower than a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg tolbutamide. After 7 days oral treatment at 250 mg extract/kg body weight, Core-core significantly reduced glycaemia (p<0.01) in normal rats under oral glucose tolerance conditions. In alloxan-diabetic rats, a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg and chronic treatment at 250 mg/kg Core-core extract significantly reduced glycaemia in glucose tolerance test conditions at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. During the acute oral toxicity study, animals treated with Core-core extract exhibited no symptoms of drug-induced toxicity with doses up to 5 g/kg.     

鼠掌老鹳草中总鞣质的积累动态分析

目的:通过测定鼠掌老鹳草中总鞣质的含量,分析鼠掌老鹳草中总鞣质的积累动态规律.方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定.结果:鼠掌老鹳草叶中鞣质含量是花期最高,茎的鞣质含量普遍偏低;地上部分药材的鞣质含量是花期含量最高.结论:建立了稳定、可靠的鞣质含量测定方法,鼠掌老鹳草中鞣质的含量变化规律对于确定药材的药用部位及最佳采收期具有指导意义.     

辽宁省三种老鹳草属植物的花粉鉴别研究

目的辽宁省老鹳草品种繁多、资源丰富,常见的老鹳草除药典收载的品种外,尚有多种老鹳草属植物在不同地区作老鹳草药用;对该地区的三种老鹳草进行花粉鉴别研究,将为确定老鹳草品种的差异和质量的优劣及扩大药源,为充分利用我国丰富的老鹳草资源打下坚实的基础。方法采用醋酐-浓硫酸法对其花粉进行鉴定研究。结果对三种植物花粉形态进行观察与描述。结论几种鉴别方法结果理想可靠,可作为三种植物的定性鉴别的标准。     

Anticoagulant 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-d-glucopyranose isolated from geranium (Pelargonium inquinans Ait)

Geranium (Pelargonium inquinans Ait) leaves were extracted with 80% MeOH, and partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, BuOH and H2O to isolate the anticoagulant principles. The EtOAc fraction was found to be the most active, and was further purified using silica and octadecylsilane column chromatography employing a bioassay-guided fractionation method. The active compound was isolated and identified as 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (PGG) (compound I). The isolated anticoagulant significantly prolonged the activated partial thrombin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) using normal human plasma. One microgram of 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose showed 0.063 heparin units in the APTT and 2.73 heparin units in the TT for anti-thrombosis. This is the first report of the isolation of PGG from geranium plants.     

粗根老鹳草化学成分的研究

老鹳草为传统中药,有祛风湿、通经络、止泄痢的功效,其单味制剂老鹳草软膏有消炎解毒、收敛生肌的作用［１］。粗根老鹳草作为老鹳草的药材来源之一,分布较广,使用较多［２］,但其化学成分却不清楚,本文对其化学成分进行系统研究,从中分离到５个化合物,其中２个为新化合物。现报道如下：化合物Ｉ　黄色粉末,ｍｐ１１９～１２０℃。ＦＡＢＭＳ（ｍ／ｅ）：３４７（Ｍ＋１）＋,１８５（Ｍ＋１－１６２）＋,１５３。结合１ＨＮＭＲ和１３ＣＮＭＲ确定该化合物的分子组成为Ｃ１４Ｈ１８Ｏ１０,并由葡萄糖、没食子酰基、甲基组成。…     

Effect of plants used in Mexico to treat gastrointestinal disorders on charcoal–gum acacia-induced hyperperistalsis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

A total of 28 plant extracts, belonging to 26 different plant species are commonly used in Traditional Mexican Medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the effect of medicinal plant extracts on induced hyperperistalsis in rats.

Materials and methods

Charcoal meal test was used in this study. Extracts were tested at a dose of 300 mg/kg.

Results

From all the plant extracts tested, only Geranium mexicanum (roots) showed 100% of inhibition. The extracts of Artemisia absinthium, Matricaria recutita, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Lygodium venustum, Chenopodium ambrosoides (green variety), Aloysia triphylla, Artemisia ludoviciana, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, and Cocos nucifera showed moderate inhibitory activity with values ranging from 30 to 57%. Their activities were greater than that of or equal to loperamide (34% of inhibition at doses of 10 mg/kg) drug used as control. The remaining plants exhibited marginal or null inhibitory effect on hyperpropulsive movement of the small intestine.

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study give some scientific support to the popular use of 23 of the plants tested for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea in Mexican traditional medicine. However, roots of Geranium mexicanum should be used in herbal medicine with care to avoid toxicity.     

老鹳草颗粒剂的制备探讨

目的：优选老鹳草颗粒荆的最佳辅料制备颗粒荆。方法：提取老鹳草总鞣质并浓缩至浸膏,与不同辅料混合制成颗粒剂,以吸水值为测定指标,用作图法考察。结果：乳糖的吸水值最小。结论：选择乳糖作为老鹳草颗粒的辅料较好。     

隔山消不同溶剂提取物对脱矿釉质再矿化作用的实验研究

[摘要] 目的 通过测试隔山消不同溶剂提取物处理人工龋齿后的显微硬度,并用SEM观察其表面形态,研究隔山消不同溶剂提取物对人工脱矿釉质再矿化的影响。方法 用化学方法建立人工脱矿釉质龋模型,以乙酸乙酯提取物,正丁醇提取物,水层提取物为实验溶液,20 mg/L的氟化钠为阳性对照,去离子水为阴性对照将其分为5组,经体外pH循环后,测试其显微硬度值,SEM观察表面形态。结果 显微硬度显示隔山消3种不同溶剂提取物和NaF经再矿化处理后,各组釉质硬度较再矿化前明显增高（P＜0.05）,去离子水组再矿化前后无明显差异（P＞0.05）,各组组间比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05 ）。说明隔山消不同溶剂提取物和NaF对脱矿牛切牙有再矿化作用。SEM显示,氟化钠组有紧密均匀的沉淀区,去离子水组表面呈疏松结构,正丁醇组有紧密的矿物沉积,并有很小的空隙,乙酸乙酯组矿物沉淀较少,并有较大空隙,水层组有规则的颗粒沉积物生成。 结论 隔山消不同溶剂提取物对人工脱矿釉质均有再矿化作用,其作用从强到弱为：水层提取部位,正丁醇提取部位,乙酸乙酯提取部位。