体现中医药特色的道地药材黄连品质评价系统研究

本文以道地药材黄连的研究为例,对其生长环境进行分析,运用ISSR等方法考察其遗传型,采用HPLC、1H-NMR及NIR等方法对化学型进行分析,并从抗内毒素、抗微生物的生物热力学,以及治疗糖尿病相关的胰岛素抵抗生物效应等角度考察其药效型,综合分析其相关性,初步建立了基于黄连生态型、基因型、化学型和药效型的道地药材品质评价方法,同时建立了结合道地性的黄连规范化质量标准,为构建体现中医药特色的黄连品质评价方法提供了科学依据。     

不同产地当归药材及其土壤无机元素的关联分析与探讨

目的:通过对不同产地当归药材及其土壤无机元素类成分的关联分析,以评价该类成分与药材地道性和功效间的关系。方法:采用微波消解法-电感耦合等离子体发射法,测定了我国4个主产区40余份当归药材及其土壤中14种无机元素的含量。结果:当归药材与土壤中Ca、Na、Ni显著相关;当归可能对Mg元素具有富集作用;Zn、Cu、Mn、Mg等元素可能是影响当归地道性最为显著的无机元素。实验结果从无机元素的角度支持岷归为道地药材。结论:当归药材所含无机元素类成分可能与其地道性呈现一定的相关性,为从认识当归的地道性成因及其药材功效物质基础提供参考。     

Geographical Indications for Medicinal Plants:Globalization, Climate Change, Quality and MarketImplications for Geo-Authentic Botanicals

Pharmacopoeial standards for crude drugs are established based on analysis of authenticated specimens which should be representative of the quality of material traditionally specified in systems of traditional medicine from species’ geographical origin. This reflects the ‘geo-authentic’ material that corresponds to traditional ecological and medical knowledge. In cases where specimens are obtained from cultivation outside of the species origin, this ‘authenticated’ material will not be ‘geo-authentic’. There is a growing trend for the protection of ‘geographical indication’ (GI) botanicals in the context of intellectual property rights. GI botanicals are named after a geographical area, indicating production within a particular area, quality and characteristics dependent on natural, historical and cultural factors. However, with the globalization of systems of traditional medicine such as Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, Asian species are being introduced to cultivation outside of their geographical origins particularly in the EU and US. In contrast to the Chinese concept of ‘daodi’and European concepts of ‘provenance’ or ‘terroir’ is the competing trend for ‘locally grown’ herbs, i.e. cultivated closer to where they will be used. Reasons include concerns about quality control, contamination from polluted air, soil and water in some source countries, climate change, supply chain security and traceability, costs of production and price pressure. This review looks at selected agronomic experiments aiming to discern differences between geo-authentic medicinal herbs vs. introduced crops and whether the global market cares to make a distinction or pay a price premium for articles with designations of geographical origin of specified quality.