论伍廷芳《延寿新法》的版本及其养生思想

近代著名外交家、法学家伍廷芳撰写了一部养生学著作《延寿新法》,其版本众多,以南京中医药大学图书馆馆藏抄本为善。《延寿新法》一书从生理、饮食、睡眠、阳光、衣着、气象、风俗、烟酒、运动等方面详论养生延年之法。在“西学东渐”的时代背景下,《延寿新法》的养生思想折射出中西医交流的历史痕迹。     

Evidence for delayed cytotoxicity effects following exposure of rat hepatoma-derived Fa32 cells: implications for predicting human acute toxicity

The delayed cytotoxicity of the Multicentre Evaluation of In vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) reference chemicals was investigated in rat hepatoma-derived Fa32 cells. The cells were treated for 24 h with the test chemicals, and were than further cultured for 5 days in normal culture medium. The cytotoxicity was measured by the neutral red uptake inhibition, and the results were quantified by determining the NI50del. This is the concentration of test compound required to decrease the neutral red uptake with 50% compared with control cells. The results were compared with the acute NI50, the corresponding value measured immediately after 24 h treatment of the cells. On a total of 44 chemicals, nine showed delayed cytotoxicity (NI50del lower than or equal to NI50), 11 a probably delayed, and 24 no delayed cytotoxicity (NI50del more than 1.5×NI50). When the NI50del was compared with human toxicity, a correlation coefficient r²⁼0.761 was obtained. For the same series of 44 chemicals this correlation was clearly higher than that for human hepatoma-derived Hep G2 cells (r²=0.695). The Hep G2 assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the MEIC study. Consequently, the delayed cytotoxicity assay on cultured Fa32 cells has the best prediction value so far obtained for the human toxicity.     

IFN-γ联合安珐特在慢性乙肝抗纤维化中的作用

目的通过观察肝组织病理学指标,评价IFN-!联合安珐特治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法住院治疗的35例慢性乙肝患者,经肝穿证实病理纤维化程度均在S2以上,随机分组。治疗组22例,用IFN-!1MU,皮下注射,每日一次,12周后改隔日一次,同时口服安珐特,2粒/次,每日三次,总疗程36周。对照组13例,服用一般护肝药物,疗程36周。治疗后再行肝穿术并做肝组织病理分级分期诊断。结果治疗组治疗后肝组织纤维化明显下降,与治疗前有显著性差异(P<0.05),并与治疗后对照组亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论IFN-!联合安珐特是抗肝纤维化的较好配伍治疗。     

孟文瑞《春脚集》学术特色

清代医家孟文瑞撰《春脚集》,共四卷,是一部综合性方剂类著作,临床实用性强。卷一至卷三以人体部位分部设篇,再按病证列方;卷四以内、外、妇、儿分设专篇选方。集历代成方、验方484首。《春脚集》将人体部位共分为十七部,方便读者按图索骥,根据病位、症状检索方剂,便于临床用药。全书选方体现了中医独具特色的“简、便、验”精髓。     

孟根乌森乌日乐对小鼠的急性毒性研究

目的：了解孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性作用剂量及给药后的急性毒性反应和死亡分布情况,确定孟根乌森乌日乐的半数致死量（ LD50）。方法用孔氏综合法（改进寇氏法）分为14．30,9．28,6．04,3．92,2．55,1．66 g? kg－16个剂量组,以0．4 mL／10 g的量灌胃给药1次。实验后观察14 d,记录体重变化及不良反应情况。结果孟根乌森乌日乐小鼠半数致死量为5．1597 g? kg－1（95％CI：3．6652～7．2637 g? kg－1）。14 d内未出现明显不良反应症状且体重有增长趋势。结论孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性实验的半数致死量为临床用药量的100倍,提示单次口服较为安全。     

Metabolism and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of flumioxazin in pregnant animals

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the concentration of flumioxazin, in the blood and fetus of pregnant humans during a theoretical accidental intake (1000 mg/kg). The data on flumioxazin concentration in pregnant rats (30 mg/kg po) was used to develop the PBPK model in pregnant rats using physiological parameters and chemical specific parameters. The rat PBPK model developed was extrapolated to a human model. Liver microsomes of female rats and a mixed gender of humans were used for the in vitro metabolism study. To determine the % of flumioxazin absorbed after administration at a dose of 1000 mg/kg assuming maximum accidental intake, the biliary excretion study of [phenyl-U-¹⁴C]flumioxazin was conducted in bile duct-cannulated female rats (Crl:CD (SD)) to collect and analyze the bile, urine, feces, gastrointestinal tract, and residual carcass. The % of flumioxazin absorbed at a dose of 1000 mg/kg in rats was low (12.3%) by summing up ¹⁴C of the urine, bile, and residual carcass. The pregnant human model that was developed demonstrated that the maximum flumioxazin concentration in the blood and fetus of a pregnant human at a dose of 1000 mg/kg po was 0.86 μg/mL and 0.68 μg/mL, respectively, which is much lower than K_m (202.4 μg/mL). Because the metabolism was not saturated and the absorption rate was low at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, the calculated flumioxazin concentration in pregnant humans was thought to be relatively low, considering the flumioxazin concentration in pregnant rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg. For the safety assessment of flumioxazin, these results would be useful for further in vitro toxicology experiments.     

34例孟鲁司特与布地奈德联合治疗小儿哮喘的疗效分析

目的探讨对哮喘小儿采用布地奈德联合孟鲁司特治疗的效果。方法抽取98例2011年6月日-2012年6月日之间在我院接受哮喘治疗小儿的病历资料,并采用回顾性的方法分析,其中34例患儿采用的是布地奈德联合孟鲁司特治疗的方法,28例采用的是单一孟鲁司特药物治疗的方法,36例采用的是单一布地奈德药物治疗的方法．分别将其命名为治疗组、对照A组和对照B组,3组患儿持续性治疗3个月之后,对所有患儿进行随访,观察和对比3组患儿的治疗成效、复发率以及不良反应情况。结果以上三组患儿在接受治疗之后,患者的各项情况与治疗前相比均得到明显改善,并且治疗组患儿的各项情况要明显的优于对照组（A和B）,三组患儿治疗的有效率分别为94．12％（32／34）、67．86％（19／28）、77．78％（28／36）,治疗组与对照组之间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照A组和对照B组之间仅具有可比性。对照组2例患儿发生了不良反应,进行停药处理后,症状均消失,不具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。三组患儿的复发率情况分别为2．94％（1／34）、10．71％（3／28）、11．11％（4／36）,治疗组与对照组之间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在临床治疗过程中,采用布地奈德联合孟鲁司特治疗小儿哮喘具有较好的效果,并且发生药物不良反应的几率也很小,因此,值得将该治疗方法大力推广应用。     

Proposal of a Parameter for OATP1B1 Inhibition Screening at the Early Drug Discovery Stage

It is known that potent inhibition of organic-anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1 increases exposure to statins, leading to severe adverse effects. The aim of this study was to propose a parameter and its criteria in OATP1B1 inhibition assay at the early drug discovery stage to avoid compounds with the risk of statin-related adverse effects. According to drug label information, most compounds classified as “contraindicated” or “should be avoided” when administered concomitantly with statins increased their AUCs more than 4-fold. Generally, R values where R = 1 + plasma unbound fraction (fu) × maximum inhibitor concentration at the inlet to the liver/IC₅₀ are used to evaluate the extent of clinical drug interaction. However, clinical doses and C_max cannot be determined at the screening stage. Therefore, we estimated the correlations between change in AUC of statins concomitantly administered with OATP1B1 inhibitors and various parameters including fu/IC₅₀. Cyclosporin A, rifampicin, and telaprevir increased the AUC of statins more than 4-fold and fu/IC₅₀ of these compounds was >0.1 L/μmol. On the other hand, fu/IC₅₀ of other compounds was ≤0.03 L/μmol. This study indicates that fu/IC₅₀ is a useful parameter to avoid compounds that seriously affect statin potency through interaction with OATP1B1 at the screening stage.     

云南勐腊县疟疾疫情漏报调查

目的 了解勐腊县目前疟疾病例漏报情况，为制订疟疾防治计划及全球基金疟疾项目实施后的效果评价提供基线数据。方法 用分层随机抽样，将抽取的乡（镇）村、社疟疾发病，疾疫情报告等基础数据进行调查，对居民2002年是否患过疟疾进行回顾性逐户逐人问卷记录。结果 用以捕获一再捕获（CMR）方法，推算勐腊县2002年疟疾的发病人数为4464例，是疫情报告数443例的10．1倍。疫情报告符合率仅为9．9％，漏报率达90．1％。结论 目前勐腊县疟疾漏报数量大，疟疾发病形势严峻。因此，要加强疫情管理，加大疟疾防治力度，同时应引起各级政府、卫生行政部门高度重视。     

捣法针刺治疗枕神经痛的临床疗效观察

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Dao Fa in acupuncture treatment of occipital neuralgia and make the comparison with routine acupuncture. Methods Duo Fa was applied to Tiānzhù （天柱 BL10）, Fēngchí （风池 GB20） to treat occipital neuralgia and compare its results with routine acupuncture. Results The total effective rate was 95.6 % in Duo Fa group, 77.8% in routine group, indicating significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Comparing with routine acupuncture, Duo Fa is advantageous at selection of fewer acupoints, better therapeutic effect and quicker achievement of efficacy in treatment of occipital neuralgia.