先天性输精管缺如患者生育问题的研究

自1988年至1991年共收治25例先天性输精管缺如患者,在20例行手术诊治术中15例用自体睾丸精索鞘膜制成人工精池囊,5例又在囊内放置用微涤纶制成的异质管。术中抽吸10例附睾内精子进行快速活化,其中5例活化成功,行人工授精,结果2例怀孕,1例已生育一女孩。认为该症是有生育可能的,但需要解决3个问题:(1)采用显微外科技术把附睾内部活着的精子取出一定数量;(2)选配好快速活化剂使精子快速活化成功;(3)用患者的精浆培养自己的精子。建议对梗阻性无精子症在用手术疏通精路的同时可以采用快速活化精子技术行人工授精,以提高生育的效果。     

华蟾蜍毒素对离体豚鼠输精管的作用

华蟾蜍毒素(华蟾素)使离体豚鼠输精管产生剂量依赖性收缩反应,利血平化豚鼠输精管及冷藏输精管对华蟾素反应减弱。给酚妥拉明、维拉帕米后,输精管对华蟾素反应均受抑制,溴苄胺可使反应潜伏期缩短。结果提示华蟾素收缩输精管反应可能与其促进肾上腺素能神经末稍NA释放有关。     

猕猴输精管内注射高分子聚合物HFMC后对睾丸组织结构的影响

本实验选用具有生育力成年雄性猕猴７只，在直视下行双侧ＨＦＭＣ输精管内注射，每侧剂量分别为３０ｍｇ１只，６０ｍｇ和１００ｍｇ各３只；于注射后２．５年和３．５年分别处死动物，取睾丸组织进行光镜和电镜观察．结果发现：猕猴注射ＨＦＭＣ２．５年后，睾丸光镜大部分曲细精管生精上皮结构完整，排列整齐。仅见局部少数管腔生精上皮层数减少，上皮细胞轻度水样变性等病理改变。电镜下曲细精管内除支持细胞内脂褐素增多，轻度基底膜增厚和精母细胞内质网扩张外，各级生精细胞，支持细胞及细胞间连接复合体等超微结构未见明显异常。注射ＨＦＭＣ３．５年后猕猴的光镜、电镜结果与注射后２．５年结果相似，但局部改变较２．５年组轻。上述结果表明：猕猴输精管内注射一定剂量ＨＦＭＣ节育不会引起睾丸组织的严重病理改变。但是，由于注射ＨＦＭＣ后，ＨＦＭＣ释放Ｈ＋及其对输精管的暂时阻塞，改变了精子生存的内环境，使睾丸出现局部轻度病理改变，随着ＨＦＭＣ逐渐溶解排出，睾丸功能相继恢复正常，配对产仔。为ＨＦＭＣ应用提供了安全性依据。     

Role of intracellular Ca2+ stores in smooth muscle contractions of the guinea pig vas deferens

Summary Guinea pig vas deferens was used as an animal model for alpha-1 adrenoceptor (₁-receptor) mediated contractions in human hyperplastic prostatic tissue. The selective ₁-receptor agonist, phenylephrine (PE), induced fully reversible, dose-dependent contractions antagonized by increasing concentrations of the ₁-receptor blockers prazosin (1–100 nM) and YM 617 (0.1–10 nM). Removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ reduced PE-evoked contractions in a time-dependent manner. Nifedipine (1–1000 nM), a blocker of voltage-dependent L-type Ca²⁺ channels (VDCC), inhibited the PE-induced response by up to 65%. Removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ abolished the ₁-agonist reactivity in a time-dependent fashion. To elucidate the participation of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores in ₁-receptor contractions, the tissue was pretreated with ryanodine (10 M) or thapsigargin (0.1 M), established inhibitors of Ca²⁺ release from intracellular pools. Both substances reduced the PE contractions by up to 80%. Nifedipine suppressed the remaining contractions completely. This provides evidence that Ca²⁺ influx through VDCC and Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores contribute to ₁-receptor contractions in the guinea pig vas deferens and may be important in obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia.     

感冒疏风片的质量标准研究

目的：制定感冒疏风片的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法对制剂中的麻黄绒、白芍、甘草进行定性鉴别。结果：定性鉴别能从样品中检出相应的成分。结论：建立了该制剂的质量标准，其方法简便、可靠、实用。     

中药麻黄炮制前后生物碱和挥发油的变化

目的:分析麻黄蜜炙后生物碱与挥发油两类主要成分的变化.方法:用气质联用方法分析蜜炙后挥发性成分的变化,按<中国药典>测麻黄总碱的方法比较蜜炙后麻黄总碱的变化情况.结果:蜜炙后挥发性成分变化较大,其中异桉叶素、对-聚伞花素、D-柠檬烯、桉叶素、T-萜品烯等含量显著升高,苯甲醛、四甲基吡嗪、对乙烯基茴香醚、1-α-松油醇、T-松油醇等含量均降低;总生物碱含量则均表现为减少.结论:麻黄蜜炙后辛散发汗力减弱,润肺平喘作用增强,可能与总碱含量减少及挥发油特征变化有关,这为研究古人的炮制机理提供新的实验依据.     

HPLC法测定小儿清热止咳泡腾片及麻黄中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的:建立测定小儿清热止咳泡腾片中盐酸麻黄碱含量的方法.方法:采用HPLC法,以优选的乙腈-水-磷酸-三乙胺(3: 97 : 0.1 : 0.1)为流动相;检测波长为205nm,测定了小儿清热止咳泡腾片麻黄中盐酸麻黄碱的含量.结果:盐酸麻黄碱色谱峰峰形对称,且与杂质峰获得了完全分离,精密度、重现性及回收率实验等均符合要求,并用此方法考察了药材麻黄中盐酸麻黄碱含量.结论:方法准确性好、操作简便,可用于盐酸麻黄碱的含量控制.     

Ephedra alkaloid contents of Chinese herbal formulae sold in Taiwan

Consumption of Ephedra alkaloids is prohibited in‐competition by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). In Taiwan, colds are often treated with Chinese herbal formulae containing Herba Ephedrae. We screened products sold in Taiwan and preliminarily assessed their relationships with WADA threshold violations. Fifty‐six concentrated powder products, including 19 Chinese herbal formulae that contained Herba Ephedrae, were collected. The content of Ephedra alkaloids, namely ephedrine (E), methylephedrine (ME), norpseudoephedrine (NPE; cathine), pseudoephedrine (PE), and norephedrine (NE; phenylpropanolamine), was determined using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The results revealed that the phenotypic indicators of the collected products, E/PE and E/total ratios, were 1.52–4.70 and 0.49–0.72, respectively, indicating that the Herba Ephedrae species in these products was probably E. sinica or E. equisetina, but not E. intermedia. The contents of E, ME, NPE, PE, and NE and the total alkaloid contents in the daily doses of the products were 0.45–34.97, 0.05–4.87, 0.04–3.61, 0.15–12.09, and 0.01–2.00 mg and 0.68–53.64 mg, respectively. The alkaloid contents followed a relatively consistent order (E > PE > ME ≈ NPE > NE), even for products from different manufacturers. We calculated that single doses of 50.0% and 3.6% of the products would result in the WADA thresholds of E and NPE being exceeded, respectively. Our data provide critical information for athletes and medical personnel, who should be wary of using complex Chinese herbal formulae in addition to over‐the‐counter products.     

经方中麻黄与石膏的配伍规律探析

通过对以麻黄和石膏为主要配伍的经方进行分析,归纳麻黄与石膏的主要配伍规律。认为麻黄与石膏既可相互制约,又可相互为用,通过剂量的调整和方中其他辅助药物的加减变化,二者配伍应用可以实现发汗清热兼顾、以发汗为主和以清热为主等不同治疗目的。