Renal cell carcinoma: The role of radical surgery on different patterns of local or distant recurrence

IntroductionWith the increasing reliance on targeted therapies and immunotherapy, no standard management strategy is today available for the treatment of locally, distant, or both renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrences, and their surgical treatment seems to play a crucial role. We report the 20-year experience of our center evaluating the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergone surgical resection of RCC recurrences, and the possible role of repeated surgical resections of RCC recurrences.Materials and methodsFrom January 1999 to January 2019, 40 patients underwent surgical resection of isolated locally recurrent RCC (iLR-RCC-group), locally recurrent RCC associated with the presence of distant recurrence (LR-DR-RCC-group), and distant-only recurrent RCC (DR-RCC-group). Data regarding pre-, intra-, post-operative course, and follow-up, prospectively collected in an institutional database, were retrospectively analyzed and compared.ResultsiLR-RCC-group was composed of 9 patients, LR-DR-RCC-group of 6 patients, and DR-RCC-group of 25 patients. The recurrence rate was 55.6% (5/9 patients) in iLR-RCC-group, 50% (3/6 patients) in LR-DR-RCC-group, and 44% (11/25) patients in DR-RCC-group, p = 0.830. 3/5 (60%) patients in iLR-RCC-group, 2/3 (66.7%) patients in LR-DR-RCC-group, and 7/11 (63.6%) patients in DR-RCC group underwent to almost one further local treatments of their recurrences, respectively (p = 0.981). No differences in the mean disease-free survival (p = 0.384), overall survival (OS) (p = 0.881), and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.265) were reported between the three groups. In DR-RCC-group, patients who underwent further local treatments of new recurrences presented a longer OS: 150.7 versus 66.5 months (p = 0.004).ConclusionsA surgical resection of RCC recurrences should be always taken in consideration, also in metastatic patients and/or in those who have already undergone surgery of previous RCC recurrence, whenever radicality is still possible, because this approach may offer a potentially long survival.     

Preexpanded distant "super-thin" intercostal perforator flaps for facial reconstruction without the need for microsurgery.

BACKGROUND: Concept of the 'super-thin perforator flap' was introduced in 1994 by authors. Since then, various types of 'super-thin perforator flaps' were applied successfully especially for contour sensitive reconstruction such as face and neck. METHODS: Eleven patients requiring large flaps who presented with extensive disfiguring facial scar (male: seven cases, female: four cases). On the consideration of flaps' colour, texture and thickness requirements, the authors selected 'super-thin' anterior intercostal perforator flaps (AICP, range from 4 x 14 cm to 25 cm x 9 cm) for reconstruction purpose. First, tissue expanders (volume range from 800 cc to 1200 cc) were carefully inserted under the AICP. After the flaps were expanded for 2 months, distant scars were removed and the covering super-thinned flaps were transferred into recipient site. Two weeks later, pedicles in the anterior chest were cut down and flaps were transferred to replace all the left scars. RESULTS: Flap were survived without any complications. The colour, texture and thickness of the transferred flap were satisfactory, shrink of flaps were not observed after long term follow-up. The authors present a method of facial reconstruction that has the advantages of creating a large amount of thin tissue of both good colour and texture, without the need of microsurgery and few disadvantages of donor-site morbidity. The disadvantages are three-staged procedures, complications of tissue expansion and uncomfortable compulsory posture for patients. In our opinion, this is an alternative method of choice for reconstructing all large defects in the lower two-thirds of the face.     

Supraclavicular lymph node metastases from distant primary tumors: Case reports and review of the literature

Cervical lymph nodes are a common site of metastases for malignant tumors, most commonly developed from head and neck primary tumors. But, they can also be secondary to distant primary tumors.We report the case of two patients treated in our Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck department for chronic supraclavicular lymphadenopathies, for whom further investigations showed lymph node metastasis originating from distant tumors.Thus, careful clinical examination, imaging tools, and if possible pathological analysis are necessary to establish an early diagnosis for adequate treatment.     

nm23-H1基因表达与鼻咽癌的早发转移

目的探讨nm23-H1基因产物的表达与鼻咽癌早发转移的关系.方法应用免疫组化S-P法对95例鼻咽癌组织蜡块进行nm23-H1检测.结果nm23-H1的阳性表达率为47.4%(45/95),早发转移组nm23-H1阳性率(26.7%)低于无转移组(60.0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).nm23-H1表达与临床分期无关.结论nm23-H1阴性表达与鼻咽癌早发转移有关,nm23-H1的表达水平可能是预测中晚期鼻咽癌远处转移的一个重要的生物学指标.     

Indicators for Surgical Resection and Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Recurrence of Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed prognostic factors for surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy to identify indicators for this treatment strategy. METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive patients with locally recurrent colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection with intraoperative radiation therapy from January 1, 1987, to June 30, 1999, were analyzed. The mean electron energy was 10.5 MeV and the mean intraoperative radiation dose was 22.6 Gy. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were obtained for the 37 patients who recovered postoperatively. Prognostic factors were analyzed univariately by log-rank test and multivariately by Coxs proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Three-year cumulative survival was 44 percent (standard error = 11) for 26 patients free of unresectable distant metastasis who underwent surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy for pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer, but none of the 11 patients with unresectable distant metastasis survived 3 years. Preoperative prognostic factors which were significant on univariate and multivariate analysis were unresectable distant metastasis (P = 0.001) and elevated preoperative serum CA 19–9 (P = 0.02). Patients with synchronous resection of local recurrence and distant metastasis had a significant survival advantage over those without resection of metastases (P = 0.02). Univariate analysis in a subgroup of 26 patients without unresectable distant metastasis revealed pain (P = 0.0003) to be a useful preoperative prognostic indicator, whereas tumor fixation (P = 0.01) and amount of residual tumor after surgical resection (P = 0.01) were significant intraoperative and postoperative factors, respectively. Fluorouracil-based postoperative systemic chemotherapy produced a significant survival benefit (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with unresectable distant metastasis are not suitable candidates for surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy, whereas those with resectable metastasis are potential candidates. Intraoperative radiation therapy may be less useful for patients with pain, elevated preoperative CA19–9, fixed tumors, or gross residual tumor after surgical resection. Multimodal treatment strategies combining preoperative and/or postoperative external beam radiation therapy and intraoperative radiation therapy with fluorouracil-based systemic chemotherapy are recommended for patients with these indicators.     

招收飞行学员远视力标准降至0.8后屈光状态分析

目的探讨招收飞行学员远视力标准降至08后,视力合格学生的屈光状态。方法2012年3月—2013年3月参检学生290名,按照每只眼的远视力分组,视力0.8~0.9分为A组、1.0~2.0分为B组,2组学生散瞳后接受检影验光,观察其屈光状态。结果A组90.47%的参检学生眼屈光度在体检标准合格范围内,B组90.77%的参检学生眼屈光度在体检标准合格范围内,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05)。结论招收飞行学员远视力标准降至0.8后,眼屈光度在体检标准合格范围内,合格人数大幅增加,满足了招飞需求。     

P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、白介素6与椎体骨折并发远隔部位疼痛的相关性研究

目的探讨胸腰段椎体压缩骨折出现远隔部位疼痛的病因。方法选取Denis分类屈曲型骨折的手术病例62例,腰痛伴远隔部位疼痛11例为实验组,腰痛不伴远隔部位疼痛51例为对照组。术中取多裂肌标本,制作冰冻切片,P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、白介素6(IL-6)抗体免疫组化染色;计算椎体前缘高度和后缘高度的比值来衡量伤椎的压缩程度;手术前及手术后2周分别行VAS、JOA、ODI评分。结果实验组:术前椎体压缩程度(68.73±11.91)%、VAS(8.09±1.51)分、ODI(40.45±3.48)%、JOA(14.00±3.80)分,术后椎体压缩程度(84.00±6.08)%、VAS(5.00±1.34)分、ODI(21.73±3.80)%、JOA(15.36±3.56)分;对照组:术前椎体压缩程度(75.27±14.14)%、VAS(7.65±1.43)分、ODI(39.24±4.64)%、JOA(11.90±3.59)分,术后椎体压缩程度(83.75±8.89)%、VAS(2.76±1.18)分、ODI(15.82±3.65)%、JOA(20.84±3.71)分。实验组与对照组术前椎体压缩程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后椎体压缩程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组与对照组术前VAS、ODI、JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后VAS、ODI、JOA评分对照组优于实验组(P0.05)。免疫组化:实验组11例标本SP、CGRP、IL-6染色结果均为阳性。对照组51例标本SP、CGRP、IL-6染色结果阴性。结论屈曲暴力造成脊柱后方组织损伤,SP、CGRP、IL-6介导的炎症反应刺激脊神经后支,是产生远隔部位疼痛的重要原因。     

Circumferential margin plays an independent impact on the outcome of rectal cancer patients receiving curative total mesorectal excision

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the circumferential resection margin on the outcomes of patients with rectal cancer undergoing total mesorectal excision.

Methods

Medical records from July 2004 to June 2008 were prospectively reviewed, and 348 patients who underwent potentially curative surgery for rectal cancer were identified. The influence of the circumferential resection margin on local recurrence, distant metastasis, and 5-year cancer-specific survival was assessed.

Results

Of 348 patients, 13 (3.7%) had positive circumferential resection margins. During a median follow-up period of 58.0 months, 8 patients (2.3%) had local recurrence and 53 (15.2%) developed distant metastases. Local recurrence rates and distant metastasis rates in patients with positive circumferential resection margins were 15.4% and 61.5%, respectively, significantly higher than in those with negative circumferential resection margins (1.8% and 13.4%, respectively) (P < .001). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 75.8% and 0% for patients with tumors having negative and positive circumferential resection margins, respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions

A circumferential resection margin of ≤1 mm adversely affects cancer-specific survival, local recurrence, and distant metastasis.