HPLC法测定七味清咽气雾剂中苦参碱的含量

目的：用HPLC测定七味清咽气雾荆中苦参碱的含量。方法：采用高效液相法，使用Shim-pack VP-ODS色谱柱，以乙腈珈．2％三乙胺溶液（1．4：98．6）用磷酸调至pH为2．5，柱温为55℃，流速为0．7mL／min，检测波长为214mn。结果：苦参碱在64．4～1030μg范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9997），回收率为98．6％，RSD为0．9％。结论：方法灵敏、准确、专属性强，回收率高，重现性好，可作为七味清咽气雾剂的质量标准。     

中药山豆根的形态组织学研究

对目前国内作山豆根用的9种不同植物来源的生药进行了形态组织学的比较研究,观察并描述了它们的生药性状和组织构造,并列出了生药的分种检索表。     

HPIC法测定七味清咽气雾剂中苦参碱的含量

目的:用HPLC测定七味清咽气雾剂中苦参碱的含量。方法:采用高效液相法,使用Sh im-pack VP-ODS色谱柱,以乙腈—0.2%三乙胺溶液(1.4:98.6)用磷酸调至pH为2.5,柱温为55℃,流速为0.7mL/m in,检测波长为214mn。结果:苦参碱在64.4~1030μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),回收率为98.6%,RSD为0.9%。结论:方法灵敏、准确、专属性强,回收率高,重现性好,可作为七味清咽气雾剂的质量标准。     

纸基-表面增强拉曼光谱法快速鉴别染色南五味子药材

目的 采用纸基-表面增强拉曼光谱法(SERS)对染色南五味子进行快速鉴别。方法 选用浸泡法制备的银胶纸作为SERS基底,擦拭经乙醇-水溶液润湿的南五味子,银胶纸立即进行SERS检测;先后对银溶胶的浓缩倍数、银胶纸的SERS增强效果及稳定性等因素进行考察。结果 成功鉴别低浓度酸性红、赤藓红染色的南五味子。结论 纸基-SERS法可实现非法染色南五味子的快速、准确、无损的鉴别,有望应用于快检领域。     

Modulatory effects of Saussurea lappa root aqueous extract against ethephon‐induced kidney toxicity in male rats

Ethephon (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid) is a plant growth promoter used to control the plant growth process by liberating ethylene and stimulating the production of endogenous ethylene. Medicinal plants are sources of novel drug discovery targets. Costus (Saussurea lappa) has been used as traditional Chinese medicine. The current study was conducted to examine the possible modifying effects of costus (S. lappa) root aqueous extract against kidney toxicity induced by ethephon in male rats. A total of 50 adult male rats were divided into five groups (first, control; second, costus; third, ethephon; fourth, posttreated ethephon with costus; fifth, ethephon self‐healing). There is a significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium ions, chloride ions, kidney injury, DNA damage, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions in treated rats with ethephon when compared to the control group. In contrast, the treated rats with ethephon revealed a significant decrease in the levels of sodium ions and an insignificant decrease in the calcium ions. Saussurea lappa extract modified these alterations when compared to the control group. As a result, costus root extract significantly reduced rat kidney toxicity after ethephon administration. We recommend costus to be included in diet for its valuable effects, and also producers and consumers should become more aware about the toxic effects of ethephon.     

乌蔹莓对外科化脓性感染治疗作用的研究

目的探讨乌蔹莓对外科化脓感染治疗作用,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法先建立80只小鼠局部化脓感染模型,然后随机分为乌蔹莓组、四环素组、鱼石脂膏组及对照组。结果乌蔹莓治疗效果明显优于鱼石子膏组及对照组(P<0.01),与四环素组比较差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论乌蔹莓对外科化脓感染具有明显治疗效果。     

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of three medicinal plants used in Nigeria

Methanol extract of three Nigerian medicinal plants were screened for antimicrobial activity using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and agar dilution techniques to determine the diameters of zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts respectively. The extract of each of the plants were tested against five clinical bacterial isolates comprising of two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) organisms. All the extracts exhibited moderate to high level of antimicrobial activities against these microorganisms. Phytochemical screening of powdered plant material revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. These Nigerian medicinal plants could be developed into cheap, safe and culturally acceptable standardized herbal products and may serve as a source of new molecules for broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.     

C-27 and C-3 Glucosylation of Diosgenin by Cell Suspension Cultures of Costus Speciosus

Abstract

3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2′)-β-D-glucopyranosyl], 27-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β,27-diol was isolated from cell suspension cultures of Costus speciosus, following incubation with diosgenin, and its structure was elucidated using a combination of one- and two-dimensional ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data, and positive and negative ion ESMS spectral data.     

Costus afer leaf extract protects against testicle damage caused by cyclosporine A in adult male Wistar rats through an antioxidant mechanism

Cyclosporine A is one of the most widely used drugs in organ transplant and oncology patients. But its use is accompanied by many toxicities. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of Costus afer (C. afer) leaf extract on cyclosporine A-induced testicular toxicity. This study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, C. afer, cyclosporine A and cyclosporine A+ C. afer groups. The investigations include genital weight, sperm count and characters, serum luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone, testicular tissue contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Besides, a histopathological examination of testicular tissue stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) was performed. Cyclosporine A+ C. afer group showed a significant increase in the genital weight, serum testosterone, sperm count, motility and viability. Besides, the extract significantly decreased testicular content of MDA and increased SOD, CAT and GSHPx. C. afer coadministration significantly decreased serum LH and sperm abnormalities and protected against testicular histopathological alterations. The extract showed a protective effect against testicular toxicity associated with cyclosporine A and that was through an antioxidant mechanism.     

Nutrient and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from Bagasses,Agricultural Residues,Medicinal Plants,and Fodders

Objective: This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, fatty acid (FA) and phytochemical compositions, and free radical–scavenging potentials of oils from the bagasses: Costus afer stem (CA) and Saccharum officinarum stem (SB); agricultural residues; corn cobs (CC); tigernut chaff (TB); peanut hulls (GH); medicinal plants: Sphenocentrum jollyanum leaves (SJ) and Senna alata leaves (CS); and fodders: Pennisetum purpureum (PP), Panicum maximum (PM), and Chloris gayana stalks (CG).

Method: Oils from the samples were extracted using a mixture of n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol (3:2). The oils were analyzed for physicochemical properties using standard procedures, phytochemicals and FAs contents using gas chromatography-fluorescent ionization detection, and free radical–scavenging potentials using spectrophotometric methods of determination.

Results: The bagasse and residue oils contained lower moisture contents (1.13%–2.38%) and acid values (1.89–9.20?mg/KOH/g), while the GH oil produced the least refractive indices, saponification value, and oil yield. CA oil contained 78% saturated FA, while SB oils contained 73.65% saturated FA and an abundance of lignoceric, palmitoleic, oleic, and arachidic acid. CC oil contained mostly behenic acid (19.65%), and GH oil produced 87.04% saturated FA, while TB oil produced 56% unsaturated FA. Oils from SJ, CS, PP, PM, and CG contained between 48.34% and 57.09% unsaturated FA. The phytochemical composition showed that ribalinidine and sapogenin were most abundant in PM oil, while lunamarine, kaempferol, and catechin were most abundant in SJ oil. GH oil produced the highest amounts of phytate (53.81?µg/ml) and oxalate (39.47?µg/ml). TB oil and oils from SJ and CS, especially at higher concentrations, matched the scavenging potentials of the standards used.

Conclusions: Due to the thermal stability and amount of short chain fatty acids (SFAs) of the SB, CA, CC, and GH oils, they are more suitable for non-food industrial purposes, while TB, SJ, and CS oil properties are recommendable for therapeutic purposes, especially for relief of oxidative stress.