胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后关系的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后的关系.方法 1996年1月～2001年12月,对68例胫骨延长者测量达所需延长长度时的骨痂直径,计算骨痂直径率(callus diameter ratios,CDR);统计拆除外固定架后2～4周时新生骨发生骨折例数及畸形角度,比较骨折和成角畸形与CDR的关系.结果拆除外固定架前胫骨前屈角度5度以上畸形19例,其中11例发生骨折;拆除外固定架后胫骨出现5度以上畸形6例,其中2例骨折;其余43例胫骨延长骨痂正常愈合.计算CDR值:CDR值小于80% 23例,其中发生新生骨骨折13例,成角畸形5度以上者21例;CDR在81%～85%之间6例,成角畸形5度以上4例;CDR值超过86% 39例,无畸形或新生骨骨折.结论胫骨延长时CDR小于80%时,容易发生新生骨骨折和畸形;CDR大于85%时,无新生骨骨折和畸形发生;两组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CDR是判断骨痂能否正常愈合较为理想的检测指标.     

促渗剂对水合胼胝类脂热转变影响的差示扫描热分析研究

从人胼胝组织提取出类脂经水合后代替人皮肤角质层用作差示扫描热分析研究促渗剂作用的简单模型。研究了１，８－桉油精，月桂氮酮和丙二醇等促渗剂对水合胼胝类脂热转变特征的影响。三种促渗剂均不同程度地降低水合胼胝类脂的热变温度，作用强弱依次为１，８－桉油精＞月桂氮酮＞丙二醇。丙二醇与１，８－桉油精或月桂氮酮混合应用时对热转变的影响具有协同作用。结果提示促渗剂可能改变脂质分子的排列和增加其流动性。同时，水的存在对脂质分子物理结构的形成具有重要作用。     

Comparison of Radiographic and pQCT Analyses of Healing Rat Tibial Fractures

Fracture healing and callus formation have traditionally been evaluated by using X-ray radiography. Here we compared X-ray radiography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in evaluating the healing callus of standardized tibial fractures in 141 female rats after a 4- or 8-week follow-up. The results were compared with the tensile (4-week) and compressive (8-week) failure load of the callus. The projectional size of callus, as defined from lateral ex vivo radiographs, correlated significantly with the pQCT-defined cross-sectional area (CSA) of mid-callus. This relationship was dependent on the pQCT attenuation threshold, being higher for the CSA of compact bone (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) than for the total bone CSA (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001). Radiographically defined callus projectional area also correlated strongly with bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.84–0.86, P < 0.0001). The mean optical density of the callus analyzed from the radiographs had only a weak correlation with the pQCT-defined bone mineral density (BMD) of callus. A weak negative relationship was found between CSA and BMD. The optical density analyzed from lateral radiographs did not correlate with the tensile or compressive failure load of callus. Callus size, BMC, and BMD were associated with the compressive failure load, whereas both radiographs and pQCT were poor in explaining the failure load in tension. Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 28 October 1999     

石斛愈伤组织培养物的药用前景探讨

石解药材的自然资源严重枯竭。本研究从石斛重要药用有效成分多糖的角度出发,所作的愈伤组织培养物和它的原植物的比较,显示出石解愈伤组织培养物有可能代替原植物作药用,既解决石料药源紧缺,又带来保护环境生态和商业利益的理想途径。     

何首乌组织培养的研究

采用单因子、正交设计法考察了基本培养基、激素以及光暗条件对何首乌幼嫩茎、叶诱导愈伤组织的影响,以及培养时间与愈伤组织生长量间的关系。实验研究表明:MS 2,4D1mg/L 6-BA1mg/L IBA0.5mg/L和暗培养对诱导何首乌愈伤组织产生效果较好;接种12天时愈伤组织生长量达到最大;愈伤组织经诱导能够产生完整植株,成苗率为95％。     

Is the callus shape an optimal response to a mechanobiological stimulus?

After bone trauma, the natural response to restore bone function is the formation of a callus around the fracture. Although several bone healing models have been developed, none have effectively perceived early callus formation and shape as the result of an optimal response to a mechanobiological stimulus.In this paper, we investigate which stimulus regulates early callus formation. An optimal design problem is formulated, and several objective functions are defined, each using a different mechanobiological stimulus. The following stimuli were analysed: the interfragmentary strain, the second invariant of the deviatoric strain tensor and a generic inflammatory factor. Different regions for callus formation were also evaluated, such as the gap region, the periosteum and the periosteum border. Each stimulus was computed using the finite element method, and the callus shape was optimised using the steepest descent method.The results demonstrated that the inflammatory factor approach, the interfragmentary strain and the second invariant of the deviatoric strain tensor over the inner gap provided the best results when compared with histological callus shapes. Therefore, this work suggests that callus growth can be an optimal mechanobiological response to either local mechanical instability and/or local inflammatory reaction.     

白木香根外植体愈伤组织诱导研究

【目的】研究以白木香[Aquilaria sinensis （Lour．） Gilg]根为外植体的愈伤组织诱导条件。【方法】选择白木香2种来源的根,考察不同灭菌条件、不同激素浓度组合对愈伤组织诱导的影响。【结果】实生苗根以0．01 mg／mL的HgCl2溶液灭菌3 min最佳,适合诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS＋0．1 mg／L 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4－D）＋0．1 mg／L 6－苄氨基嘌呤（6－BA）;无菌苗根在添加1．0 mg／L萘乙酸（NAA）和0．8 mg／L 6－BA的MS培养基上可达到最高的愈伤组织诱导率。【结论】获得了2种来源白木香根的愈伤组织;单独使用生长素2,4－D时诱导率较低,添加6－BA后可显著提高愈伤组织的诱导率和生长势。     

髓内钉和锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折骨痂形成的差异研究

目的：通过对比髓内钉和锁定钢板对股骨远端骨折治疗的临床效果,研究两种治疗方法促进骨膜骨痂形成的差异。方法：回顾性分析156例股骨远端骨折患者,分别筛取12例逆行髓内钉治疗患者与12例锁定钢板治疗患者做配对研究。使用特定软件测量对比两组患者伤后12周X线片股骨侧面和前后面骨痂形成量。结果：相应骨折愈合部位髓内钉组的平均骨痂形成面积为（233±280）mm2是锁定钢板组（95±109）mm2的2.4倍,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.028）。结论：股骨远端骨折后锁定钢板治疗组骨痂形成少于髓内钉治疗组。     

唑来膦酸对去势大鼠骨折后骨痂和骨微结构的影响简

目的 探讨唑来膦酸对去势大鼠骨折后骨痂和骨微结构的影响.方法 将45只SD雌性大鼠分为骨质疏松组（30只）和正常对照组（15只）,骨质疏松组雌性大鼠被切除双侧卵巢制作骨质疏松动物模型,正常对照组大鼠仅给予假手术;骨质疏松模型建模成功后,将骨质疏松组30只大鼠再次随机分为生理盐水组（15只）和唑来膦酸组（15只）;对两组大鼠制作股骨骨折模型,并分别给予生理盐水和唑来膦酸进行干预;在药物干预4周后,比较生理盐水组和唑来膦酸组骨质疏松大鼠股骨骨痂和骨微结构情况.结果 卵巢切除术后8周,正常对照组和骨质疏松组大鼠股骨的骨密度分别为（0.197±0.028）g/cm2和（0.128±0.037）g/cm2,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在药物干预4周后,两组骨质疏松大鼠股骨均有骨痂形成,而唑来膦酸组大鼠骨痂明显大于生理盐水组,且骨折线较为模糊;与生理盐水组大鼠比较,唑来膦酸组大鼠骨小梁间隙较小,排列也较为整齐致密,更接近正常对照组大鼠.结论 唑来膦酸可促进骨质疏松大鼠骨折后骨痂形成,并提高其骨密度.     

The angiogenic peptide pleiotrophin (PTN/HB-GAM) is expressed in fracture healing: an immunohistochemical study in rats

Introduction Formation of new blood vessels is essential for the process of fracture healing.Materials and methods We investigated the expression of the angiogenic factor pleiotrophin/HB-GAM in a closed fracture model in rats by immunohistochemical methods.Results Histologically, 5 days after fracture the callus was predominantly composed of fibrous tissue. On day 10 a prominent chondral callus connected both ends of the fractured tibia. There was a continuous transition from the chondral callus to the newly formed bone adjacent to the corticalis of the tibia. On day 15 the amount of woven bone had increased, and in 3 of 5 animals the proximal and distal tibiae were connected by a bridge of woven bone. Pleiotrophin could be immunostained in fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the fibrous tissue between the fractured tibia ends. The chondral callus remained largely pleiotrophin-negative. Only single chondrocytes adjacent to the newly formed bone were pleiotrophin-positive. On days 10 and 15 strong immunoreactivity for pleiotrophin in the well vascularized, newly formed, woven bone was detectable. Osteoblasts, endothelial cells and fibroblasts were strongly pleiotrophin-positive.Conclusions These results show the presence of the angiogenic peptide pleiotrophin during fracture healing.