Calorie restriction increases serum parathyroid hormone and decreases serum calcitonin levels in patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus

Calorie restriction is important in managing patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The effect of such restriction on calcium metabolism is not known. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients on calorie restricted diets would show any modification of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CTN). The serum levels of PTH and CTN were measured by radioimmunoassays in 269 patients with NIDDM. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the intake of calorie, and PTH and CTN were monitored for 2 years. Plasma levels of vitamin D were measured by competitive protein binding assays before and after each program. The level of PTH (520.8±266.0 pg/ml) (mean±S.D.) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in 109 diabetic patients whose calorie intake was restricted for 2 years (diet (D) group) as compared with that (256.6±103.8 pg/ml) of 160 diabetic patients whose calorie intake was not restricted (non-diet (ND) group). The daily oral calcium intake of the two groups did not differ significantly. We found no significant difference in the serum PTH level in the ND groupVS. normal control subjects (248.8±98.4, N=78). The serum calcium concentration and the amount of calcium excreted in urine were slightly but significantly (P<0.01) lower in the D than in the ND group. The rate of tubular reabsorption of phosphate (% TRP) was significantly lower in the D group than that in the ND group (P<0.01). The serum CTN level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the D group (33.9±11.3 pg/ml) than in the ND group (64.9±21.2 pg/ml) 2 years after each treatment. The plasma 1,25-(OH)₂-vitamin D level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the D group (22.2±6.6 pg/ml) than in the ND group (50.6±4.2 pg/ml). When the restriction of calorie intake in the D group was canceled, their PTH levels decreased, which was accompanied by increase in the 1,25-(OH)₂-vitamin D levels, whereas their CTN levels were unchanged. These observations suggested that a restricted calorie intake is a risk factor for secondary hyperparathyroidism as well as for a low serum level of CTN in patients with NIDDM.     

液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱联用确证小鼠灌胃给药CTN986后血与脑组织中的药物原型

目的:确定 CTN986小鼠灌胃给药后血与中枢神经系统(CNS)中的药物原型。方法:血浆、脑组织样品用甲醇沉淀蛋白,离心后取上清液经固相萃取后用液相色谱-离子阱质谱进行测定。结果:小鼠灌胃给药后的血和脑组织样品经液质测定,所得的选择离子流色谱图(m/z 741)及一、二、三级质谱图均与对照品 CTN986选择离子流色谱图、各级质谱图一致。结论:小鼠灌胃给药后,CTN986能以原型的形式吸收入血并且可以通过血脑屏障进入中枢。     

Combined action of citrinin and ochratoxin A on hepatoma tissue culture cells

Citrinin (CTN) and ochratoxin A (OT-A) may occur simultaneously in mould-contaminated commodities. Both are cytotoxic to hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells. The effect of both mycotoxins, either alone or in association on cellular protein, RNA and DNA synthesis was tested. In the presence of ochratoxin A protein synthesis is first inhibited 30 min after the addition of the toxin and RNA synthesis after 150 min. No inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs for at least 5 h, whereas citrinin inhibits first the RNA synthesis after 10 min, second protein synthesis after 20 min and third DNA synthesis after 120 min.When both mycotoxins are added simultaneously to HTC cells the inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis occurs immediately, that of DNA synthesis after a short lag time. This suggests a cooperative effect of both mycotoxins.     

CTN中Archive_Server类库的二次开发与应用

目的：利用CTN类库和数据库技术,构建简单实用、具有个性化特点的PACS。方法：对CTN中Archive_Server类库进行二次开发和重新封装,编译后生成Win32平台下的运行库Archive_Server.dll,利用此库文件和SQL数据库构建PACS。结果：使PACS构建简单、管理容易、经济实用,为各医院打造个性化的PACS提供了一个行之有效的解决方案。结论：利用CTN类库可以很轻松地构建PACS,可减少PACS建设成本,加快PACS在我国的普及进程。     

Antisense oligonucleotide eluforsen improves CFTR function in F508del cystic fibrosis

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. In this study we assessed the effect of antisense oligonucleotide eluforsen on CFTR biological activity measured by Nasal Potential Difference (NPD) in patients with the most common mutation, F508del-CFTR.MethodsThis multi-centre, exploratory, open-label study recruited adults with CF homozygous or compound heterozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation. Subjects received intranasal eluforsen three times weekly for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the within-subject change from baseline in total chloride transport (Cl-free+iso), as assessed by NPD. Secondary endpoints included within-subject change from baseline in sodium transport.ResultsIn the homozygous cohort (n = 7; per-protocol population), mean change (90% confidence interval) in Cl-free+iso was ?3.0 mV (?6.6; 0.6) at day 15, ?4.1 mV (?7.8; ?0.4, p = .04) at day 26 (end of treatment) and ? 3.7 mV (?8.0; 0.6) at day 47. This was supported by improved sodium transport as assessed by an increase in average basal potential difference at day 26 of +9.4 mV (1.1; 17.7, p = .04). The compound heterozygous cohort (n = 7) did not show improved chloride or sodium transport NPD values. Eluforsen was well tolerated with a favourable safety profile.ConclusionsIn F508del-CFTR homozygous subjects, repeated intranasal administration of eluforsen improved CFTR activity as measured by NPD, an encouraging indicator of biological activity.     

Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Austria

Summary The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among newspaper vendors, tram operators, and other exposed groups leads to repeated discussions about the importance of single cases for the spread of tuberculous infection. We subjected 36 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolated in 1992 from 31 patients, to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using PvuII and an insertion element 986 probe. Only two isolates obtained from a married couple showed the same DNA fingerprinting pattern, all the other strains had unique and clearly distinguishable banding patterns. Our investigation revealed no dominating strains except in the case of one married couple, where the chain of infection was obvious (the wife being diagnosed during the course of testing of her alcoholic and tuberculous husband's contacts). The main emphasis in the fight against tuberculosis still rests on securing the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic means for all patients with tuberculosis. The importance of single infected source cases for the spread of tuberculosis should not be overestimated.Abbreviations IS insertion sequence - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism     

犬用口服狂犬病减毒疫苗返祖试验和猴体安全性试验研究

目的:研究犬用口服狂犬病减毒活疫苗的安全性。方法:10只犬分为5组,用犬脑传代,每代2只进行返祖试验;猴体安全性试验,用高于现场用量4倍浓度疫苗肌肉注射后,采血进行中和抗体检测。结果:传代的1～5代犬剖取脑检查均未发现内基氏小体,各代犬脑组织经11～12g小白鼠脑内注射,亦未分离出病毒;传代保留的5只犬,从第1代开始至第5代观察期最长100天,亦健存,而且无任何不良现象。猴体肌肉注射疫苗后,均健康存活,中和抗体1个月为1:13.8～1:19.5,2个月上升为1:33.5～1:37.6。结论:证实本疫苗对家犬口服免疫后,无致病性,毒力未返祖,亦可刺激机体产生中和抗体,达到免疫效果。     

Interpreting the Truth: How People Make Sense of New Information about Abortion

Introduction

In July 2015, the antiabortion Center for Medical Progress released a covertly filmed video of a Planned Parenthood official discussing the dispensation of postabortion remains for research, a practice the general public was not familiar with. Research shows that people use preexisting frameworks (such as support for or opposition to abortion rights) to make sense of new information. We examine the presence and use of abortion-related movement heuristics, language, and framing in the lay public's engagement with this video and their response to it.

1株狂犬病毒减毒株的毒力和分子特性研究

目的 对实验室研发的1株狂犬病减毒株CTN181-3的致病性和基因型特性进行研究。方法 用小鼠脑内、口腔接种法和金黄地鼠口腔接种法测定病毒毒力。将病毒通过乳鼠脑内、豚鼠颌下腺和细胞连续传多代,测定传代后病毒的遗传稳定性。对CTN181-3进行全基因组测序,并与其亲本株进行对比分析。结果 CTN181-3对实验动物毒力高度减弱,对3周龄小鼠无论脑内或口腔接种均无致病性,对2周龄小鼠也表现出脑内低毒力;口腔接种8周龄金黄地鼠亦无发病死亡。遗传稳定性方面,经1~3 d龄乳鼠脑内连续传5代或豚鼠颌下腺传4代,传代增殖后的病毒滴度虽高达7.10 lg PFU/mL或7.63 lg PFU/mL,对小鼠脑内接种仍保留无致病力的弱毒特性;在BSR细胞和Vero细胞上分别传10代,表型特性稳定。全基因组测序结果分析显示CTN181-3株与国内近年来分离株的同源性高于其他疫苗株与国内分离株的同源性。CTN181-3株与其原始的亲本株CTN-1比较,发生8个氨基酸位点的突变,其中G276 L→V和L1496 M→W氨基酸的突变在CTN181株未发生,为CTN181-3株所特有。因此,这2个位点的氨基酸突变应该是CTN181-3株比CTN181株毒力更弱、遗传稳定性更高的分子基础。结论 CTN181-3株的神经毒力高度减弱,毒力稳定,是一种很有应用前景的动物用狂犬病候选疫苗株。     

Hepatotoxic effect of ochratoxin A and citrinin,alone and in combination,and protective effect of vitamin E: In vitro study in HepG2 cell

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are the most commonly co-occurring mycotoxins in a wide variety of food and feed commodities. The major target organ of these toxins is kidney but liver could also be a target organ. The combined toxicity of these two toxins in kidney cells has been studied but not in liver cell. In this study HepG2 cells were exposed to OTA and CTN, alone and in combination, with a view to compare the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN hepatotoxicity. OTA and CTN alone as well as in combination affected the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. OTA + CTN, at a dose of 20% of IC₅₀ of each, produced effect almost similar to that produced by either of the toxins at its IC₅₀ concentration, indicating that the two toxins in combination act synergistically. The cytotoxicity of OTA + CTN on hepatocytes is mediated by increased level of intracellular ROS followed/accompanied by DNA strand breaks and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Co-treatment of vitamin E (Vit E) with OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN reduced the levels of ROS and the cytotoxicity. But the genotoxic effect of OTA and OTA + CTN was not completely alleviated by Vit E treatment whereas the DNA damage as caused by CTN when treated alone was obviated, indicating that OTA induces DNA damage directly whereas CTN induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and OTA + CTN combination induces DNA damage not exclusively relying on but influenced by ROS generation. Taken together, these findings indicate that OTA and CTN in combination affect hepatocytes at very low concentrations and, thereby, pose a potential threat to public and animal health.