基于多成分含量测定和化学计量学的不同基原白芷药材质量评价研究

目的 采用指纹图谱、多成分含量测定结合化学计量学方法分析和比较不同基原白芷药材（白芷Angelica dahurica和杭白芷Angelica dahurica var. formosana）的化学成分,为白芷药材的质量控制提供技术方法及数据支撑。方法 采用高效液相色谱法对白芷和杭白芷药材化学成分进行分析,建立不同基原白芷药材化学指纹图谱;在此基础上,对白芷和杭白芷药材中的花椒毒酚、水合氧化前胡内酯、白当归素、花椒毒素、佛手柑内酯、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、珊瑚菜素和异欧前胡素9种香豆素类成分进行含量测定;进一步应用聚类分析、主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别分析等化学计量学方法对白芷与杭白芷进行区分与比较,寻找差异化合物。结果 建立了不同基原白芷药材的化学指纹图谱,共标定了11个共有峰,所建立的化学指纹图谱专属性良好,可用于白芷药材的质量评价;多成分含量测定和化学计量学结果表明,白芷和杭白芷药材中所含香豆素类成分种类无差异,但香豆素类成分含量有明显差异;佛手柑内酯、珊瑚菜素、异欧前胡素、氧化前胡素和花椒毒素为白芷和杭白芷药材间的差异性化合物,可以作为区分和鉴别二者的质量标志物。结论 基于指纹图谱...     

远志质量控制及资源评价研究

目的 建立远志药材质量控制和资源评价方法.方法 以18个不同产地、5个栽培主产区远志药材及不同商品等级和部位的远志药材为研究对象,50%甲醇超声提取,HPLC梯度检测,建立远志对照指纹图谱,峰面积-保留时间曲线分析色谱峰与质量等级之间的关系.并采用欧氏距离法进行峰面积聚类.结果 18个产地野生远志具有24个共有色谱峰,相似度大于0.75;5个栽培主产区相似度大于0.95;3,6'-二芥子酰基蔗糖酯的量从大到小依次为一级筒、二级筒、三级筒、远志棍、芦头、地上和木心.结论 野生远志受生态环境影响表现出一定差异,而栽培远志质量比较均一;远志质量与3,6'-二芥子酰基蔗糖酯的量呈良好的正相关,该成分可作为远志质量评价的指标成分之一.本研究可为远志药材的质量控制和新药源的开发提供参考.     

新疆大果阿魏中氨基酸和矿物元素含量测定

目的分析比较大果阿魏根和叶中氨基酸、微量元素和重金属含量。方法采用KLA-5型氨基酸自动分析仪和原子吸收分光光度法。结果在大果阿魏根和叶中都含有17种氨基酸,以及Fe、Mn、Zn、K、Na、Ca、Cu微量元素,重金属元素含量差异显著,根中含有Pb、As、Cd、Hg、Cr重金属元素,而叶中只含有As和Hg重金属元素。结论从氨基酸和微量元素角度分析,大果阿魏根和叶都具有重要的药用价值。     

准噶尔大戟的化学成分研究

目的 对准噶尔大戟中的化学成分进行分离鉴定.方法 采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及MPLC制备色谱技术,通过理化方法和光谱分析鉴定其结构.结果 从准噶尔大戟的乙醇提取物中得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为香茅二醇(Ⅰ)、白桦脂醇(Ⅱ)、白桦脂酸(Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅳ)、7-O-β谷甾醇(Ⅴ)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基反式苯丙烯酸正二十八醇酯(Ⅵ)、二十八酸(Ⅶ)、I-二十八烯(Ⅷ)、24-亚甲基-环阿尔廷醇(Ⅸ)、大戟醇(Ⅹ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅺ).结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅷ均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

杭白芷香豆素类成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究杭白芷中的香豆素类成分。方法杭白芷鲜药材用乙醇冷浸,反复正、反相柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱分离得到化合物Ⅰ～Ⅷ,根据化合物的理化性质及其光谱数据确定结构。结果从杭白芷鲜药材中分离鉴定了5个香豆素苷和3个香豆素类成分,分别为别异欧前胡素(Ⅰ)、氧化前胡素(Ⅱ)、佛手柑内酯(Ⅲ)、marmesin 4′-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅳ)、β-D-glucosyl-6′-(β-D-apiosyl)columbianetin(Ⅴ)、哥伦比亚狭缝芹素(columbianin,Ⅵ)、8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl xanthotoxol(Ⅶ)、tert-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(R)-heraclenol(Ⅷ)。结论化合物Ⅳ～Ⅵ为首次从当归属中分得,Ⅶ、Ⅷ为首次从该植物中分得。     

白芥子提取物的镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用研究

目的 研究白芥子不同溶媒提取物的镇咳、祛痰、平喘药理作用。方法 浓氨水喷雾法、毛细玻管法、喷雾致喘法。结果 炒白芥子醇提取物有明显的镇咳作用;白芥子水提取物有良好的祛痰作用;炒白芥子石油醚提取物可显著对抗4％氯化乙酰胆碱诱导的豚鼠哮喘。结论 白芥子具有镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用。其镇咳成分极性偏小;祛痰成分极性偏大,水溶性大;平喘成分的极性小,脂溶性大。     

In vitro anti-Candida Activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss

Zataria multiflora Boiss known as Avishan Shirazi (in Iran)is one of the valuable Iranian medicinal plants. The aim ofstudy was to evaluate anti-Candida activity of Z. multifloraagainst different species of Candida in vitro. Anti-Candidaactivity of the aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic macerationextract of the aerial parts of Z. multiflora Boiss was studiedin vitro. Anti-Candida activity against Candida species wasdone using serial dilutions of extracts in Sabouraud's dextroseagar. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanolicand ethanolic extracts was 70.7 and 127 mg l^–1, respectively.Aqueous extract showed no remarkable activity against Candidaspecies. We conclude that methanolic extract of the aerial partsof Z. multiflora Boiss has more anti-Candida effect at 70.7mg l^–1 compared to ethanolic extract 127 mg l^–1.In addition, the isolates of Candida parapsilosis were moresusceptible to methanolic extract than other tested species.     

Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on colony morphology and ultrastructure of Aspergillus flavus

The mode of inhibitory action of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (EO) on the fungus, Aspergillus flavus, was studied by colony morphology examination, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The EO at concentrations used in this study suppressed the size of the colony as well as sporulation. SEM of mycelia treated with given concentrations of EO showed morphological alterations ranging from loss of turgidity and uniformity of mycelia at low concentrations of EO to evident destruction of the hyphae at higher concentration of EO. Semi-thin sections of mycelia exposed to different concentrations of EO were analysed by light microscopy and revealed that the major change at level as low as 50 ppm of EO was limited to vacuolisation of cytoplasm resulting in cell swelling, while at higher concentrations, detachment of the cell membrane from the cell wall, deformation of mycelia and shedding the cytoplasm from the cell were the main alterations. These damages were well documented by TEM, which showed that the main sites of action of EO were the plasma membrane and cell wall. In conclusion, morphological and structural changes observed in this study may be one of the mechanisms involved in growth inhibition of the fungi and reducing aflatoxin production.     

The effect of carvacrol on muscarinic receptors of guinea‐pig tracheal chains

The effects of three concentrations of carvacrol, the constituent of Zataria multiflora Boiss (a monoterpenoid phenol, C₁₀H₁₄O) and 10 nm atropine on muscarinic receptors were tested on: non‐incubated (n = 7), incubated tracheal chains with propranolol and chlorpheniramine (n = 6) and incubated with propranolol (n = 5). The EC₅₀ of all three concentrations of carvacrol in incubated tissues with propranolol and chlorpheniramine was significantly greater than those of incubated tissues with propranolol and non‐incubated trachea (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The EC₅₀ of two higher concentrations of carvacrol (0.2 and 0.4 µg/mL) in incubated tissues with propranolol was also significantly greater than those of non‐incubated trachea (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). The maximum response in the presence of all concentrations of carvacrol in non‐incubated and incubated tissues with propranolol and chlorpheniramine and those of its two higher concentrations (0.2 and 0.4 µg/mL) in incubated tissues with propranolol were lower than saline (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). There were parallel rightward shifts in the concentration–response curves in the presence of all concentrations of carvacrol in non‐incubated and incubated tissues with propranolol and its lower concentration in incubated tissues with propranolol and chlorpheniramine. These results indicated an inhibitory effect of carvacrol on muscarinic receptors. A β‐adrenoceptor stimulatory effect was also suggested for carvacrol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

仙加颈痛散剂的薄层色谱鉴别

目的建立仙加颈痛散剂中羌活、伸筋草的鉴别方法。方法利用薄层色谱鉴别仙加颈痛散剂中羌活（宽叶羌活）、伸筋草。结果对处方中二味药材进行了薄层色谱分析,斑点清晰,相互分离良好,专属性强,空白实验表明阴性样品对药材的鉴别没有干扰。结论该方法简便可行,重现性好,为仙加颈痛散剂质量控制提供了方法。