One-year outcome after first-ever stroke according to stroke subtype, severity, risk factors and pre-stroke treatment. A population-based study from Tartu, Estonia

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the outcome at 1 year following a first-ever stroke based on a population-based registry from 2001 to 2003 in Tartu, Estonia. The outcome of first-ever stroke was assessed in 433 patients by stroke risk factors, demographic data and stroke severity at onset using the Barthel Index (BI) score and the modified Rankin Score (mRS) at seventh day, 6 months and 1 year. Female sex, older age, blood glucose value >10 mmol/l on admission and more severe stroke on admission were the best predictors of dependency 1 year following the first-ever stroke. At 1 year, the percentage of functionally dependent patients was 20% and the survival rate was 56%. The use of antihypertensive/antithrombotic medication prior to stroke did not significantly affect the outcome. The survival rate of stroke patients in Tartu is lower compared with other studied populations. The outcome of stroke was mainly determined by the initial severity of stroke and by elevated blood glucose value on admission. Patients with untreated hypertension had more severe stroke and trend for unfavourable outcome compared with those who were on treatment.     

Inter-rater reliability of the original and modified Barthel Index,and a comparison with the Functional Independence Measure

The Barthel Index (BI), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) are all widely used by occupational therapists as assessment tools for clinical decision-making and outcome measurement. All of these tools have demonstrated validity and the BI and the FIM have demonstrated inter-rater reliability. The MBI has been modified to increase sensitivity; however, there have been no publications on the inter-rater reliability of this tool following the changes. The purpose of this research was to examine the inter-rater reliability of two versions of the Barthel Index, and draw some comparisons between this assessment tool and the FIM. Twenty-five patients with neurological and orthopaedic conditions were assessed by three occupational therapists using the three tools. The method of analysis selected was percentage agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient. The results indicated that both the original and modified versions of the Barthel Index possess good inter-rater reliability. As all three tools have demonstrated adequate reliability and validity, it is suggested that clinicians select the most sensitive tool that best meets their clinical needs, and use this assessment tool in its standardized format.     

脑卒中患者日常生活能力的评定

采用Ｂａｒｔｈｅｌ指数对１２０例脑卒中住院患者在发病后５￣６周进行日常生活活动（ＡＤＬ）能力的证实。因脑卒中遗留的功能不全，ＡＤＬ的受损率达６６．７％，肢体的Ｂｒｕｎｎｓｔｒｏｍ功能分级与ＡＤＬ积分高度相关，相关性下肢高于上肢；多元逐步回归分析显示，躯体（偏瘫）和心理（认知障碍和抑郁因素）影响ＡＤＬ的能力。认为ＡＤＬ能力的提高，不仅依赖于肢体功能障碍的改善，提高认知功能，改善情感状况，对于脑卒中患     

比较分析预警护理与常规护理在神经外科重症患者治疗中的临床效果

目的 探讨预警护理在神经外科重症患者治疗中的临床效果.方法 选取我院2012年4月至2013年10月收治的神经外科重症患者100例为研究对象.将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例.观察组予以预警护理模式,对照组则予以常规护理模式.观察比较两组患者的Barthel指数评分和Fugl-Meyer评分、护理满意度以及术后出血、尿崩症、压疮等并发症发生率等.结果 观察组Barthel指数评分与Fugl-Meyer评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组护理满意率为88.0％,对照组为70.0％,差异有统计学意义(x 2=4.882,P＜0.05).住院期间,对照组术后出血及压疮发生率显著高于观察组(P＜0.05).两组尿崩症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 相比于常规护理,预警护理能有效提高患者身体恢复程度,降低疾病风险,增加护理满意度,具有良好的应用前景和临床价值,值得临床推广.     

评分对高龄急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗预后的评估价值

目的：评价Barthel评分应用于高龄急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠脉介入治疗的意义。方法：选择181例75岁以上因急性冠状动脉综合征行冠脉介入治疗的患者。根据Barthel评分,将其分成3组：＜70分组（n=62）、≥70～90分组（n=72）及≥90分组（n=47）。比较3组患者住院后1个月内的临床转归。结果：与≥90分组相比,＜70分组患者年龄较大、女性比例更高、入院时收缩压较低、白细胞计数更多、既往消化性溃疡比例较低、 ST段抬高型心肌梗死比例更高、进行急诊介入治疗的比例更高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05)。与≥90分组相比,＜70分组术后左心室射血分数较低、脑钠肽前体（pro- BNP）水平更高、消化道出血比例更高、住院时间更长,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05)。≥70~90分组和≥90分组上述指标差异均无统计学意义。结论：罹患急性冠状动脉综合征且Barthel评分小于70分的高龄患者住院后1个月内临床转归不佳;这类患者进行冠脉介入治疗时,应慎重权衡风险与获益。     

Efficiency of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation on Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To compare the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) on hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP).

安宫牛黄丸联合阿加曲班治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的研究安宫牛黄丸联合阿加曲班注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2017年10月—2019年10月在河南中医药大学第三附属医院治疗的120例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各60例。对照组患者静脉泵注阿加曲班注射液,10 mg溶于100 mL生理盐水,持续静脉泵注3 h,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服安宫牛黄丸,1丸/次,1次/d。两组患者接受治疗时间为4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组Barthel指数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NHISS)评分、大脑平均血流速度和血液学指标[神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)]。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率(95.00%)显著高于对照组(83.33%)(P0.05)。治疗后,两组Barthel指数显著升高,NHISS评分显著降低(P0.05);且治疗组Barthel指数、NHISS评分改善较明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉的平均血流速度均明显升高(P0.05);且治疗组患者平均血流速度升高较明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清NSE水平明显降低,BDNF水平明显升高(P0.05);且治疗组血清NSE、BDNF水平改善较明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-8水平明显降低(P0.05);且治疗组患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α和IL-8水平均降低较为明显(P0.05)。结论安宫牛黄丸联合阿加曲班注射液治疗急性脑梗死具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善患者神经功能和生活质量,调节血液学指标,值得在临床上推广应用。     

专业知识和康复培训对脑卒中偏瘫患者居家康复的效果

目的：探究专业知识和康复培训对于脑卒中偏瘫患者居家康复的效果与常规用药指导和康复训练有否有更好的效果。方法：选取浦东新区大团镇2016年以来首发的脑卒中偏瘫患者120例,分组使用随机数字表法。对照组给予常规用药指导、康复锻炼指导;而观察组在对照组的基础上实施IMPACT管理,比较两组康复知识和训练技能评估问卷评分、FMA指数、FRENCHAY活动指数和Barthel 指数评分。结果：康复知识和训练技能问卷评分、FRENCHAY活动指数和Barthel 指数对照组和实验组均高于入组时（P<0.05）,且观察组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组干预后FMA指数显著高于干预前（P<0.05）,而对照组不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：常规用药指导和康复培训对偏瘫患者的康复有积极的作用,实施IMPACT管理提供专业知识和康复训练效果更加显著。