Improved Growth and Colchicine Concentration in Gloriosa Superba on Mycorrhizal Inoculation Supplemented with Phosphorus-Fertilizer

Background

Gloriosa superba produces an array of alkaloids including colchicine, a compound of interest in the treatment of various diseases. The tuber of Gloriosa superba is a rich source of colchicine which has shown anti-gout, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activity. However, this promising compound remains expensive and Gloriosa superba is such a good source in global scale. Increase in yield of naturally occurring colchicine is an important area of investigation.

Materials and Methods

The effects of inoculation by four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), fungi, Glomus mossae, Glomus fasciculatum, Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gilmorei either alone or supplemented with P-fertilizer, on colchicine concentration in Gloriosa superba were studied. The concentration of colchicine was determined by high-performance thin layer chromatography.

Results

The four fungi significantly increased concentration of colchicine in the herb. Although there was significant increase in concentration of colchicine in non-mycorrhizal P-fertilized plants as compared to control, the extent of the increase was less compared to mycorrhizal plants grown with or without P-fertilization. This suggests that the increase in colchicine concentration may not be entirely attributed to enhanced P-nutrition and improved growth. Among the four AM fungi Glomus mossae was found to be best. The total colchicine content of plant (mg / plant) was significantly high in plants inoculated with Glomus mossae and 25 mg kg⁻¹phosphorus fertilizer (348.9 mg /plant) while the control contain least colchicine (177.87 mg / plant).

Conclusion

The study suggests a potential role of AM fungi in improving the concentration of colchicine in Gloriosa superba tuber.     

4种AM 真菌对苍术根茎生长及其挥发油成分的影响

目的：研究4 种AM 真菌对苍术根茎生长及其挥发油成分的影响。方法：采用盆栽试验,接种AM 菌剂,测定苍术地下部分生长状况和根茎挥发油成分的含量。结果：不同AM 真菌对苍术根茎的侵染率不同,接种AM 真菌能显著降低苍术根茎的折干率,而对根茎挥发油中5 种主要成分含量均无明显影响。结论：AM 真菌与植物之间具有选择性。不同AM 真菌对苍术地下部分的营养生长存在差异,但对苍术挥发油的品质无显著性影响（P>0.05）。     

Antioxidant Defenses of Mycorrhizal Fungus Infection Against SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Induced Oxidative Stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena nuda</Emphasis> Seedlings

Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae increased Avena nuda seedling tolerance to SO(2) exposure, as indicated by elevated total plant biomass and ameliorative photosynthetic rate, when compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. This is associated with an improved antioxidant capacity as shown by enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, increased ascorbic acid and glutathione content, and reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide level in the mycorrhizal plants relative to the non-mycorrhizal plants under SO(2) exposure. The mycorrhizal fungi colonization had no effect on the stomatal conductance. To our knowledge, this is the first finding of this sort.     

基于18SrRNA序列的云南大叶千斤拔与细叶千斤拔根内丛枝菌根真菌鉴定

目的:调查云南省大叶千斤拔(Flemingia macrophylla)与细叶千斤拔(Flemingia lineata)根内丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)群落结构多样性。方法:使用巢式-PCR、克隆、限制性片段长度多态性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,RFLP)分析及测序技术。结果:共获得558个含有丛枝菌根真菌18S rRNA片段的克隆子,经RFLP分析后得到83个RFLP类型,DNA序列分析可将其划分为23个可操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Units,OTUs),分属于5个科,Glomeraceae为优势类群。在MaarjAM数据库中进行比对后,23个OTUs可鉴定为18个虚拟分类分子种,分布于13种不同的生境。经统计分析大叶千斤拔与细叶千斤拔根内丛枝菌根真菌群落组成比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:比较大叶千斤拔与细叶千斤拔根内丛枝菌根真菌群落差异,结合丛枝菌根真菌在生态系统中的分布特点,为种植千斤拔属植物的选址提供有力地环境指标数据,并为筛选促生菌株提供依据。     

泡囊丛枝菌根(AM)对苍术生长发育及挥发油成分的影响

目的:观察泡囊丛枝菌根(AM)对苍术生长发育及挥发油组分的影响,以及产生该影响的土壤环境变化。方法:通过含5个重复的盆栽对照实验,比较施加AM真菌Glomus m osseae(GM)后,苍术生物量、挥发油成分及根际区土壤养分、有机质及微生物群落功能多样性的变化。结果:①苍术对AM依赖性达到245%。t检验表明,VA组苍术的株高、叶片数、叶面积、生物量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05);②根茎挥发油的GC-MS分析,结合聚类分析和主成分分析表明,AM组与CK组苍术挥发油中归一化百分含量相对较大的主要组分基本没有差别;③土壤养分检测表明,AM组根际土全氮、碱解氮、有效磷及有效钾的含量均低于CK组;④GC-MS分析发现,AM组和CK组土壤有机质变化不完全相同,表现为AM组的组分5,6比CK组高,而CK组的组分9~11比AM组高;⑤土壤微生物多样性的B iolog检测发现,AM组的AWCD值在整个温育过程中始终高于CK组,在反应192 h后,AM和CK 2组土壤的AWCD值分别达到0.66和0.46。t检验表明,72 h和168 h时AM组和CK组的微生物shannon及M cIntosh s均匀度基本一致,shannon多样性指数及M cIntosh s多样性指数在72 h差异不明显,而168 h AM组均高于CK组(P<0.05)。结论:接种AM真菌,能促进了苍术根系对土壤养分的吸收,提高苍术根际土壤微生物的功能多样性及代谢活性,影响苍术根际区有机质组成,从而显著促进苍术的营养生长,但在实验期间未造成苍术挥发油质量的变异。     

Using the putative asexual fungus Cenococcum geophilum as a model to test how species concepts influence recombination analyses using sequence data from multiple loci

Recent studies have found that three divergent lineages of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum may co-occur within a single soil sample. To test how inference of population structure is affected by species concept, potential recombination in this putative asexual fungus was analyzed by sequencing 10 loci from 44 isolates from within one main lineage that is potentially sub-divisible into two phylogenetic species (A and B). Phylogenetic incongruence between these loci and recombination analyses using six different methods was consistent with recombination. However, most of the incongruence was caused by an apparently reciprocal recombination event between the actin locus and the other loci studied. Extreme divergence between the two types of actin loci suggests either an ancient recombination event or a more recent horizontal inheritance. We also found that random mating could not be rejected when A and B isolates were treated as members of a single species based on multilocus disequilibrium analyses, whereas random mating was rejected when all isolates were pooled. These results are significant and demonstrate that inferences of population structure can be confounded when isolates are pooled together based entirely on a morphological species concept.     

丛枝菌根真菌与哈茨木霉菌合用对连作丹参生长及质量的影响

该文探讨田间条件下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与哈茨木霉菌合用对丹参生长及质量的影响。采用田间小区试验来进行研究,使用HPLC测定丹参地上部分和地下部分有效成分含量,通过形态观察并计算根部发病率,并结合方差统计学方法对各指标的测定结果进行分析。结果显示,单独接种AMF以及AMF与哈茨木霉菌合用能够有效的降低连作丹参根部病害的发生率,其中AMF与哈茨木霉菌合用效果更佳,比CK组降低了61.50%。几种处理对丹参生物量影响没有显著差异,但都能提高丹参根部各种有效成分的含量。单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉都能显著提高丹参根中丹酚酸B的含量(P<0.05),其中AMF对丹酚酸B促进作用最明显,提高了27.97%;接种AMF能显著提高丹参根丹参酮I和丹参酮ⅡA的含量(P<0.05),其中丹参酮I约提高了70.14%;丹参酮ⅡA约提高了51.42%。另外,单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉均能显著提高丹参根中隐丹参酮的含量,提高了约30.67%。从而得出单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉能够有效减低连作丹参病害的发生率,同时提高连作丹参药材的质量。     

麦冬内生真菌与麦冬生长周期

目的：研究不同生长阶段麦冬根部的内生真菌。方法：采集不同生长阶段的麦冬根段，切片染色法观察麦冬根内真菌显微结构及真菌侵染的特征，分析麦冬内生真菌与麦冬发育的关系。结果：麦冬根内含有丰富的内生真菌，苗期根内逐渐出现菌丝并形成大量菌丝团，块根发生初期菌丝连续分枝形成丛枝，块根生长和块根膨大期内存在大量泡囊。结论：麦冬根内的真菌为丛枝菌根真菌，不同生长阶段，根内出现内生真菌的菌丝、丛枝、泡囊，显示内生菌可能与麦冬生长、活性成分的合成有关。