Diterpenoids from the Roots of Agastache rugosa

从土藿香根中得到两个二萜化合物，藿香酚（２）及异藿香酚（３）。经光谱解析（ＩＲ，ＵＶ，ＨＲＭＳ及ＮＭＲ谱），确定它们的结构分别为１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ４，（１８），８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（２）和１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ３，８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（３）藿香酚（２）为一新的化合物，而异藿香酚（３）系首次从天然界分离得到，二者为一对异构体。     

经典名方中藿香类药材的本草考证

通过查阅古代相关本草、医籍、经史及近现代文献资料,笔者对藿香类药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、栽培、采收加工及炮制方法等进行了系统梳理与考证,可为含藿香类药材的经典名方开发利用提供依据。通过本草考证分析可知,历代本草多以“藿香”为正名,所用主流基原均为Pogostemon cablin,为区别于明代以来我国民间习用的同科另一种植物土藿香Agastache rugosa及推崇道地产区而有“广藿香”之名;广藿香原产于越南等东南亚国家,早期因作香料经广东等地传入我国,宋代以来便已在我国南方引种成功;药用部位多为其干燥地上部分,亦有将其叶、梗分开单独使用;历代推崇的道地产区为广东,现广东广州、肇庆、湛江和海南省多有栽培,以石牌所产最为知名;广藿香主要为扦插繁殖,二月生苗,六月采收;产地加工方法主要为闷晒法,放置阳光下反复闷晒至有芳香气味、颜色转黄;炮制方法多以净选后生品入药。基于考证结果,建议养胃汤中所用藿香以P. cablin为基原,取叶片生品入药,而藿朴夏苓汤则建议选择土藿香A. rugosa除去根及老茎的生品入药。     

空间飞行对藿香过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶、可溶性蛋白质的影响

目的：探讨空间环境对药用植物的影响。方法：以藿香种子为材料,搭载返回式人造地球卫星,回到地面后研究其过氧化物酶、酯酶和蛋白质的变化。结果：失重组材料的过氧化物酶活性和蛋白质含量与地面组接近,略低于地面对照组,而击中组材料的过氧化物酶活性和蛋白质含量则明显高于地面对照组。３组材料的过氧化物酶和酯酶的电泳图谱基本相同,失重组和地面对照组的蛋白质电泳图谱也基本相同,而击中组材料的蛋白质电泳图谱则与另外两组材料有所区别。结论：微重力对藿香的影响小于高能重离子辐射,不同材料对空间环境的敏感性不同。     

HPLC法测定玫瑰花药材中黄酮类成分的含量

目的：建立HPLC同时测定玫瑰花中芦丁、金丝桃苷和槲皮苷含量的方法。方法：采用Phenomenex C18（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0.2%甲酸溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱分离,流速为1mL/min,检测波长为360nm,柱温35℃。结果：芦丁、金丝桃苷和槲皮苷在选定质量浓度范围内,线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为97.5%、96.3%、97.1%,RSD分别为2.6%、3.2%、2.9%。结论：该方法快速简便,重现性好,可作为玫瑰花中黄酮类成分的含量测定方法,更全面的控制玫瑰花药材的质量。     

皱落假丝酵母脂酶的研究Ⅱ,酶的性质的研究

对来源于皱落假丝酵母(Candida rugosa)SIPI2.230的脂酶的性质,进行了较为系统的研究,发现该酶能在常温下于短时间内完全水解底物为甘油和脂肪酸,可用于酶联试剂盒测定血清甘油三酯。     

Validated liquid chromatographic method and analysis of content of tilianin on several extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana and its correlation with vasorelaxant effect

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To optimize the obtention of tilianin, an antihypertensive flavonoid isolated from Agastache mexicana (Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant used in Mexico for the treatment of hypertension. Also, a validated HPLC method to quantify tilianin from different extracts, obtained by several extraction methods, was developed.

Materials and methods

The aerial parts of Agastache mexicana were dried at different temperatures (22, 40, 50, 90, 100 and 180 °C) and the dry material was extracted with methanol by maceration to compare the content of the active constituent tilianin in the samples. Furthermore, EtOH:H₂O (7:3), infusion and decoction extracts were prepared from air-dried samples at room temperature to compare the content and composition of the different extraction methods. Moreover, an ex vivo vasorelaxant test on endothelium-intact aortic rat rings was conducted, in order to correlate the presence of tilianin with the activity of each extract.

Results

Higher concentration and amounts of tilianin were determined from chromatograms in the obtained methanolic extracts from plant material dried at 90, 50, 40 and 22 °C, followed by 100 °C; however, lower concentrations were observed in dried at 180 °C and EtOH:H₂O (7:3). It is worth to notice that methanolic extracts with higher amount of tilianin were the most potent vasorelaxant extracts, even though these extracts were less potent than carbachol, a positive control used. Finally, decoction, infusion and EtOH:H₂O (7:3) extracts did not show any vasorelaxant effect.

Conclusion

Results suggest that extracts with higher concentration of tilianin possess the best vasorelaxant activity, which allowed us to have a HPLC method for future quality control for this medicinal plant.     

玫瑰花提取物中鞣质含量测定

目的：建立玫瑰花提取物中鞣质的含量测定方法。方法：以没食子酸为对照品,采用磷钼钨酸一干酪素比色法测定。结果：在2．02～10．08μg·ml^-1范围内吸光度与鞣质含量呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9998）,平均回收率为100．14％（RSD=0．69％）。结论：本方法简便、准确,可用于玫瑰花提取物鞣质的含量测定。     

玫瑰花中总黄酮提取方法比较研究

目的 比较不同方法提取玫瑰花中总黄酮的效果.方法 分别用超声提取法和回流提取法对玫瑰花药材进行提取,以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法测定玫瑰花总黄酮含量.结果 总黄酮在10.08～100.8 μg/ml范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9994),超声提取法和回流提取法的回收率分别为98.9%和100.3%,RSD分别为1.0%和1.8%.结论 超声提取法操作简便,效率高,可适用于工业化生产.     

广藿香与土藿香的DNA序列分析及其分子鉴别

目前市场上藿香类商品药材有两种 ,一种为唇形科刺蕊草属 (Ｐｏｇｏｓｔｅｍｏｎ)植物广藿香Ｐｏｇｏｓｔｅｍｏｎｃａｂｌｉｎ (Ｂｌａｎｃｏ)Ｂｅｎｔｈ.的干燥地上部分 ,主产广东、海南 ,习称“广藿香”,均为栽培品 ,有芳香化浊、开胃止呕、发表解暑的功效 ,是中成药“藿香正气水”的主要原料。据我们分析广州市郊黄村产“石牌广藿香”药材茎枝挥发油成分 ,其中 71 %为广藿香酮(ｐｏｇｏｓｔｏｎｅ) [1 ] ;另一种来源于同科另一属 ,即藿香属(Ａｇａｓｔａｃｈｅ)植物藿香Ａｇａｓｔａｃｈｅｒｕｇｏｓａ (Ｆｉｓｃｈ.ｅｔＭｅｙ.)Ｏ .Ｋ…     

Involvement of Cerebral Nervous System Areas and Cytokines on Antihyperalgesic and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Kielmeyera rugosa Choisy (Calophyllaceae) in Rodents

Kielmeyera rugosa is a medicinal plant known in Northeastern Brazil as ‘pau‐santo’, and it is used in the treatment of several tropical diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, and leishmaniasis. We evaluated antihyperalgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities of methanol stem extract of K. rugosa (MEKR) in mice. The mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), prostaglandin E₂, and dopamine were assessed. We also investigated the anti‐inflammatory effect of MEKR on carrageenan‐induced pleurisy and paw edema. Ninety minutes after the treatment, the animals were submitted to an imunofluorescence for Fos protein. MEKR (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) inhibited the development of mechanical hypernociception and edema. MEKR significantly decreased TNF‐α and interleukin 1β levels in pleural lavage and suppressed the recruitment of leukocytes. MEKR (1, 10, and 100 mg/mL) did not produce cytotoxicity, determined using the methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium assay in vitro. The locomotor activity was not affected. MEKR activated significantly the bulb olfactory, piriform cortex, and periaqueductal gray of the central nervous system. Our results provide first time evidence to propose that MEKR attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia and inflammation, in part, through an activation of central nervous system areas, mainly the periaqueductal gray and piriform cortex areas. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.