人卵母细胞辅助激活研究进展

卵胞质内精子注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)是目前治疗男性不育最有效的方法,但在ICSI周期中仍然有1%~3%的受精失败发生。近年来逐渐发展起来的卵母细胞辅助激活(assisted oocyte activation,AOA)技术在改善ICSI后受精失败患者的妊娠结局方面取得了较为明显的效果,有望成为治疗男性不育的重要辅助手段。本文综述了卵母细胞激活机制领域的研究成果,揭示了精子中的PLCξ蛋白引起卵母细胞内Ca2+震荡进而触发激活的机制,介绍了目前对ICSI受精失败患者精子激活能力的检测与诊断方法,以及不同卵母细胞辅助激活技术如电激活,Ca2+载体和Sr Cl2等激活技术的研究现状,并总结了这些技术在安全性方面所获得的证据,在此基础上对AOA技术今后的发展方向和前景作了探讨。     

肾病综合征患儿WBSe、SAOA的研究

本文测定了60例2-13岁肾病患儿血清AOA及具有重要抗氧化功能的全血硒（WBSe）水平．结果表明：60例肾病患儿血清AOA及WBSe水平显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）．提示我们肾病患儿处于低抗氧化状态和低硒营养状态，血Se含量的降低是体内抗氧化能力降低的重要原因之一．可通过补Se来改善INS患儿的氧化与抗氧化失衡状态，为肾病的治疗提供了客观理论依据，拓宽了肾病的治疗途径．     

Analgesic activity of affinin, an alkamide from Heliopsis longipes (Compositae)

Heliopsis longipes (Compositae) is a Mexican plant used as analgesic in pain toothache. A solution of 10mug/ml of dichloromethane extract from this plant showed analgesic activity determined by means of GABA release in mice brain slices. Through a bioassay-directed separation, fractions G-1, G-2, G-4 and G-6 at the same concentration were active. Affinin was the unique and common active compound, and evoke the GABA release 0.5min after administration at 1x10(-4)M concentration. Inactive compound were undeca-2E-en-8,10-dyinoic acid isobutylamide, hinokinin, 2'-hydroxyhinokinin, 3beta-sn-glyceroyl-(1'-palmitoxy)urs-12-ene, 13(18)-ursen-3beta-ol, 13(18)-ursen-3beta-acetate, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The analgesic activity of Heliopsis longipes could be associated to affinin.     

Central nervous system depressant activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea stans roots

Ipomoea stans Cav., popularly known as "tumbavaqueros", is a plant widely used in Mexico for the treatment of epileptic seizures and nervous disorders. This work researched the action of the ethyl acetate extract from the root of I. stans (IS-EAE) on the central nervous system (CNS). The administration of IS-EAE (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an anxiolytic effect in mice. This extract (20.0 and 40.0 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced spontaneous motor activity. 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg of IS-EAE protected mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions and increased the hypnotic effect induced by pentobarbital. The administration of IS-EAE was able to increase the release of GABA in brain cortex of mice. These results suggest that IS-EAE possess anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects, and could have potential sedative effect, probably through a GABAergic system. The extract did not show antidepressant effects on mice exposed to forced swimming test.     

Processing of nonconventional DNA strand break ends

Single-strand breaks (SSBs) are one of the most common forms of genetic damage, arising from attack of DNA by reactive oxygen species or as intended or inadvertent products of normal cellular DNA metabolic events. Recent evidence linking defects in the enzymatic processing of nonconventional DNA SSBs, i.e., lesions incompatible with polymerase or ligase reactions, with inherited neurodegenerative disorders, reveals the importance of SSB repair in disease manifestation. I review herein the major eukaryotic enzymes (with an emphasis on the human proteins) responsible for the "clean-up" of DNA breaks harboring 3'- or 5'-blocking termini, and the cellular and disease ramifications of unrepaired SSB damage.     

Live birth after SrCl2 oocyte activation in previous repeated failed or low fertilization rates after ICSI of frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa: case report

Purpose

To report a live birth resulting after strontium chloride (SrCl₂) oocyte activation in a couple with complete fertilization failure or low fertilization rates following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa.

Methods

The couple underwent ICSI of frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. After ICSI, the oocytes were artificially activated by SrCl₂ because the results of fertilization were not satisfactory in the previous cycles. The main outcome measures were fertilization, pregnancy, and birth.

Results

In the first and second cycles performed previously at another clinic, fertilization rates were 9.1 % and 0.0 %, respectively. In the third cycle, 31 metaphase II oocytes were retrieved. After sperm injection, all of the oocytes were stimulated using SrCl₂ for activation. Sixteen oocytes were fertilized (51.6 %), and a single embryo was transferred into the uterus on Day 3. A healthy girl weighing 2750 g was born at 40 weeks of gestation by caesarean section.

Conclusions

This result suggests that SrCl₂ could be useful for oocyte fertilization in case of repeated complete fertilization failure or low fertilization rates following ICSI of frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa.     

AOA/生物接触氧化法除氮效果分析

AOA/生物接触氧化法组合工艺对城市生活污水有较好的处理效果,试验结果表明:吸附池HRT=1 h是AOA段脱氮效果最佳的值,而当F/M在2~3 kgCOD/(kg MLSS.d)时,系统对NH4+—N和TN的去除率相对较高且比较稳定。本文即是对装置除氮效果的分析。     

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias with oculomotor apraxia

INTRODUCTION: Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA) comprise a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases. Recently, a subgroup of ARCA associated with oculomotor apraxia has been delineated. STATE OF THE ART: The ataxias with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) include four distinct genetic entities at least: ataxia-telangiectasia, ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) and type 2 (AOA2). The responsible genes, ATM, MRE11, APTX and SETX respectively, are implicated in DNA-break repair mechanisms. CONCLUSION: We describe the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of these ataxias, based on a review of the literature and a personal study of AOA1 and AOA2 patients.