胃癌组织中KAI1、nm23及P53的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨正常胃黏膜、不典型增生胃黏膜及癌组织中KAI1、nm23及P53蛋白的表达．方法:应用SP法免疫组化检测22例正常胃黏膜,65例不典型增生胃黏膜及74N胃癌组织中的KAI1、nm23及P53蛋白的表达．结果:正常胃黏膜、不典型增生胃黏膜及胃癌组织中,KAI1和nm23阳性率呈降低趋势,组间差异性有统计学意义(x2=20．885, P<0．001;x2=29．133,P<0．05):P53蛋白阳性表达率呈增加趋势,组间差异性有统计学意义(x2=21．954,P<0．001)．Fisher精确概率检验显示:在胃癌组中不同的浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移和脉管侵犯组内KAI1、nm23及 P53组阳性表达率的差异性有统计学意义(x2 =20．885,P<0．001;x2=29．133,P<0．05;x2= 21．954,P<0．001);而在年龄、性别组间的差异性无统计学意义．Spearman等级相关分析显示 KAI1与nm23表达呈正相关(r=0．859,P<0．05); KAI1与P53表达呈负相关(r=-0．859,P<0．05), nm23与P53表达呈负相关(r=-0．874,P<0．05) 结论:抑癌基因KAI1与nm23的缺失以及P53 蛋白的过表达可能是胃癌发生、发展及浸润和转移的重要原因之一．     

The effect of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on acetylcholine release from the rabbit retina: evidence for on-channel input to cholinergic amacrine cells

The light-evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the rabbit retina was taken as a measure of cholinergic amacrine cell activity. The glutamate analogue DL-(+/-)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) prevented the light-evoked release of ACh and also selectively abolished the ON-responses of ganglion cells and the ERG b-wave. It is concluded that the input to cholinergic amacrine cells involves mainly the depolarizing bipolar cells, which subserve ON-channels. L-(+)-stereoisomer of APB was 15 times more potent than the D-(-)-isomer in suppressing ACh release and the b-wave, suggesting that the mechanism of action of APB does not involve antagonism of excitatory amino acids.     

Testing strategies for embryo-fetal toxicity of human pharmaceuticals. Animal models vs. in vitro approaches : A workshop report

Reproductive toxicity testing is characterized by high animal use. For registration of pharmaceutical compounds, developmental toxicity studies are usually conducted in both rat and rabbits. Efforts have been underway for a long time to design alternatives to animal use. Implementation has lagged, partly because of uncertainties about the applicability domain of the alternatives.     

C-peptide secretion and insulin antibodies as determinants of stability in diabetes mellitus

The relative significance of residual beta-cell secretory activity and human insulin antibodies in determining diabetic stability has been examined in 35 diabetic subjects. The response of plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity following 50 g oral glucose has been used as an index of beta-cell function. Glucose-stimulated C-peptide secretion was observed in 58% of stable diabetics, but in no labile diabetics. When present, C-peptide secretion following a glucose load in diabetics was of smaller amplitude and slower in onset, but more prolonged than in normal subjects. In secretors, stability of diabetes was significantly correlated with the magnitude of the C-peptide response. As a group, labile diabetics had lower insulin antibody levels than stable patients, but stability and antibody levels were not correlated in individual patients. In non-secretors there was no difference in antibody levels between the stable and labile groups. Neither the equilibrium binding affinities nor the dissociation rate constants differed significantly for antibodies from stable and labile diabetics. Thus stability of diabetes depends upon residual beta-cell secretory activity, but not on the concentration or binding characteristics of insulin antibodies.     

2006年的卒中医疗，我们取得了哪些成绩？

在刚刚过去的2006年，有关卒中医疗所取得结果有的令人兴奋，有的令人失望。虽然在卒中危险因素的管理、卒中预防、急性卒中的干预、并发症的管理及康复等众多领域的临床试验有了结果，但是能用于临床的结论却很少。今后，需要继续对危险因素的管理，如强化降脂等进行研究，对颈动脉支架的有效性及安全性、急性缺血性卒中以及颅内血肿扩大的治疗方案等方面积累数据。     

电离子配合使用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗面部色素痣的疗效观察

目的观察电离子配合使用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）治疗面部色素痣的临床疗效。方法电离子配合bFGF治疗120例色素痣患者，观察并分析临床疗效。结果痊愈＋显效率88．33％。结论电离子配合bFGF治疗面部色素痣操作简便，疗效可靠。     

Impact of the shift from NCHS growth reference to WHO2006 growth standards in a therapeutic feeding programme in Niger

Objectives  To describe the implementation of the WHO₂₀₀₆ growth standards in a therapeutic feeding programme.
Methods  Using programme monitoring data from 21 769 children 6–59 months admitted to the Médecins Sans Frontières therapeutic feeding programme during 2007, we compared characteristics at admission, type of care and outcomes for children admitted before and after the shift to the WHO₂₀₀₆ standards. Admission criteria were bipedal oedema, MUAC <110 mm, or weight-for-height (WFH) of <-70% of the median (NCHS) before mid-May 2007, and WFH <-3 z score (WHO₂₀₀₆) after mid-May 2007.
Results  Children admitted with the WHO₂₀₀₆ standards were more likely to be younger, with a higher proportion of males, and less malnourished (mean WFH -3.6 z score vs. mean WFH -4.6 z score). They were less likely to require hospitalization or intensive care (28.4% vs. 77%; 12.8% vs. 36.5%) and more likely to be treated exclusively on an outpatient basis (71.6% vs. 23%). Finally, they experienced better outcomes (cure rate: 89% vs. 71.7%, death rate: 2.7% vs. 6.4%, default rate: 6.7% vs. 12.3%).
Conclusions  In this programme, the WHO₂₀₀₆ standards identify a larger number of malnourished children at an earlier stage of disease facilitating their treatment success.     

砷毒性作用氧化应激机制研究进展

砷作为确定的人类致癌物,其作用机制尚不明确。近年来就砷中毒作用机制提出了多种假说,其中氧化应激机制逐渐成为砷中毒机制研究的热点。砷诱发氧化应激理论认为甲基化胂具有更强的诱发氧化应激的能力,砷的甲基化代谢是一个毒性增强过程,并且与砷毒性密切相关。本文就砷诱发氧化应激机制研究进展做一综述。     

A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress

This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of imagery rehearsal as a treatment for nightmares, general sleep disturbance, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Bibliographic databases and cited references were searched to identify clinical trials of imagery rehearsal in individuals with post-trauma nightmares. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria and reported sleep and post-traumatic stress outcomes in sufficient detail to calculate effect sizes. Results indicate that imagery rehearsal had large effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and PTSD symptoms from the initial to post-treatment assessments. These effects were sustained through 6 to 12months follow-up. Furthermore, interventions that included both imagery rehearsal and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia resulted in greater treatment-related improvement in sleep quality than imagery rehearsal alone. Combined treatment did not improve outcomes for PTSD or nightmares. Notably, effect sizes were small in the single study that included an active-treatment control condition. Future research should identify necessary and sufficient components of interventions for trauma-related sleep disturbance and post-traumatic stress (e.g., exposure, cognitive reappraisal, sleep and circadian regulation).