儿童期血管瘤的药物治疗

<正>儿童期最多见的血管瘤是婴儿血管瘤(infantile hemangiomas,IH)和卡波济样血管内皮瘤(Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma,KHE),本文仅对此两种类型的血管瘤的药物治疗作简单论述。之所以将此两类血管肿瘤的治疗一并叙述,一是因为两类血管肿瘤在儿童期,特别是婴儿期较为常见,还因为两类肿瘤的治疗药物有相当大的重叠。1概述IH的发展过程:婴儿血管瘤起病早,新生     

右美托咪定复合羟考酮对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后病人影响研究

目的探讨研究右美托咪定复合羟考酮对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后病人自控静脉镇痛的影响。方法选取2016年3月至2018年3月本院行胸腔镜下肺叶切除手术治疗为主的94例肺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组47例患者,研究组术后镇痛采用右美托咪定复合羟考酮和托烷司琼,对照组术后镇痛采用羟考酮和托烷司琼,记录患者不同时点心率、平均动脉压,视觉模拟评分、Ramsay镇静评分、镇痛满意度,HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10水平,记录不良反应发生情况。结果研究组在术后静止时和运动时4 h、6 h、24 h视觉模拟评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),研究组术后4 h、6 h、24 h和48 h患者自控镇痛累计羟考酮使用量和按压次数均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组恶心、呕吐不良反应发生率6.38%,明显低于对照组的59.58%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术后镇痛满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随着治疗的进行,两组患者HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6水平均降低,IL-10水平升高,研究组术后HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合羟考酮较单纯使用羟考酮对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后病人自控静脉镇痛效果好,患者对疼痛控制满意度较高,不良反应发生率低,炎性反应低。     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

04031 Remoxy积极的Ⅲ期试验结果

美国特种药制药商Durect公司说，该公司的Remoxy（oxycodone，长效羟考酮）（Ⅰ）的Ⅲ期临床试验结果已被证明是积极的。     

硫酸奈替米星葡萄糖注射液联用复方维生素注射液致呼吸困难伴腰痛1例

1临床资料 患者，女，43岁，因车祸致右胫腓骨骨折入住我院创伤骨科，一般情况良好，无食物、药物过敏史，入院后行腓骨复位固定术，3d后，伤口红肿并有脓液渗出，为预防和控制感染，静脉滴注硫酸奈替米星葡萄糖注射液每日200mL（每瓶100mL，硫酸奈替米星10万u，约相当于0．1g，葡萄糖5．0g，山东鲁抗辰欣药业有限公司，批号0803155209）分两次滴注，中间滴注含有4mL复方维生素注射液的10％葡萄糖注射液500mL（四川美大康佳乐有限公司，批号080125124）。     

体外肝素对血浆PT、APTT影响因素的研究及临床应用

目的:探讨体外不同浓度肝素及不同浓度硫酸鱼精蛋白对血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的影响,了解该实验对PT、APTT真实结果及正确分析和判断.方法:采用0.1 U/mL～2.0 U/mL肝素,1.0 μg/mL～20 μg/ mL硫酸鱼精蛋白,测定240份随机标本分成的各组血浆标本的PT、APTT及加入上述试剂后的PT、APTT时间. 结果:肝素活性在2.0 U/mL以下时对PT无明显影响,硫酸鱼精蛋白在10 μg/mL以下时对PT、APTT亦无明显影响.肝素在0.2 U/mL时对APTT影响非常明显,两者呈相关(r=0.98,P<0.05). 讨论:临床上可采用回归方程△APTT=1.22+30.41A(A为肝素活性U/mL)回归方法验证,也可以用加硫酸鱼精蛋白中和后复测APTT的方法来纠正肝素对APTT的影响,对DIC的动态监测及治疗具有重要意义.     

粘多糖贮积症Ⅳ型酶学诊断与产前诊断

粘多糖贮积症Ⅳ型（Morquio病）是常染色体隐性遗传病。它包括粘多糖贮积症Ⅳa型与粘多糖贮积症Ⅳb型两个亚型。Ⅳa型是由半乳精-6-硫酸盐硫酸酯酶缺乏所致，Ⅳb型为β-D半乳糖苷酶缺乏所致。粘多糖贮积症Ⅳ型主要导致硫酸软骨素（CS）和硫酸角质素（KS）降解障碍，在骨和软骨细胞沉积，使骨发育障碍。     

抗药性疟疾—着重论述泰国的问题

继氯喹之后，其它药物抗性的产生导致了多重抗药性疟疾的出现，给抗疟前途带来威胁。本综述过去１０年在曼谷热带病医院所进行的工作，该医院监测了包括泰柬边境地区的病人，那里有世界最严重的多重抗药性恶性疟。