中国癌症与土壤环境中Lu元素含量的关系

利用土壤环境中Lu元素资料769个数据,癌死亡调查资料787080例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中Lu元素含量的关系.结果表明,胃癌、鼻咽癌死亡率与Lu元素有相关性,等级相关系数分别为-0.5419(P＜0.0025),0.3936(P＜0.025).     

Effects of of habitats and pesticides on aerobic capacity and survival of soil fauna

Faunal health is largely dependent on their soil environment and available litter quality. So the effects of different soil habitats and pesticides on citrate synthase (CS) activity of soil fauna and its population were studied. Methods The soil animals were collected from different pedoecosystems for habitat study. Whereas Vigna radiata based system was selected for pesticidal observations. The field was divided into five equal plots for control and treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin. Soil fauna was collected by quadrat method and extracted by Tullgren funnel. Individuals of a species having similar sizes were collected for the estimation of CS activity. They were homogenized and fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. The activity of CS was assayed spectrophotometrically. Results Citrate synthase (CS) activity of beetle (Rasphytus fregi), woodlouse (PorceUio laevis) and centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) varied significantly with respect to changes in different soil habitats. Though the CS activity of R. fregi, P. laevis, and S. morsitans differed among themselves but the highest activity of CS in these animals was in V. radiata and lowest in A. nilotica based pedoecosystem. The aerobic capacity of centipede was maximum followed by woodlouse and beetle. The treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin significantly reduced the CS activity of these animals. γ-BHC showed maximum reduction in CS activity indicating highly toxic effect of organochlorine on aerobic metabolism of soil fauna. However, minimum reduction was obseryed in response to carbaryl (in beetle) or cypermethrin (in woodlouse/centipede) leading to impairment of aerobic capacity. The differences in pesticide effects might be assigned to the differences in chemical nature of pesticides and their interactions with below-ground fauna. Treatment ofγ-BHC and quinalphos reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropods as well as total soil fauna. Acari was least affected by γ-BHC and maximally affected (72%) in response to quinalphos. The effect of γ-BHC was fairly similar on Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropod and total soil fauna suggesting almost similar sensitivity to this pesticide. Likewise, quinalphos was similarly effective on Collemobola and other soil arthropods. Application of carbaryl decreased Acari and Coleoptera population but increased Collembola, other arthropods and total faunal populations. However, application of cypermethrin significantly reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola and total soil fauna and increased the population of other soil arthropods. In both the cases, acarine population was least affected. Conclusion The observations show the habitat-specific variation in aerobic capacity of soil fauna. However, pesticide-dependent loss in population might be due to impairment of aerobic capacity of soil inhabiting animals in desert.     

八角茴香规范化种植基地生态环境的质量评价

目的对八角茴香种植基地环境质量进行评价。方法采用国家规定的环境质量及其分析方法标准和相关的文献方法对八角茴香GAP种植基地规划区环境空气、土壤环境和水资源进行评价。结果八角茴香规范化种植基地的土壤环境达到GB15618-1995(国家土壤环境质量标准)的一级标准,水资源达GB5084-92(农业灌溉水质标准)的一类水质标准,大气质量标准达GB3095-1996(环境空气质量)二级标准。结论八角茴香GAP种植区环境质量良好,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求。     

不同土壤环境对远志标志性成分积累与体外抗氧化抗炎活性及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力的影响

目的 为进一步深入了解远志野生品与不同土壤栽培品的功能活性。方法 以三年生远志根为研究对象，测定总皂苷、总酚、总黄酮、总糖含量；采用DPPH自由基、铁氧还原能力(IORA)和螯合力(HRR)三种不同机制方法综合评价其体外抗氧化能力，并测定其环氧合酶抑制活性(COX-2)及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力。结果 黄黏土远志的总酚、总黄酮、总糖的含量最高，为21.80 mg/g、7.49 mg/g、26.15%;野生远志总皂苷含量最高，为39.29 mg/g(P<0.05);红黏土远志以上四种成分含量最低，药效成分呈显著性差异。综合三种不同抗氧化机制，野生远志﹥黄黏土远志﹥红黏土远志抗氧化活性，总皂苷的含量与抗氧化活性呈正相关(P<0.01),总酚、总黄酮、总糖与螯合力有较高的线性相关性，且三种抗氧化指标结果有显著的相关性。野生远志的抗炎活性最好，其次为黄黏土远志，其相关性分析也表明，COX-2与样品中的总皂苷、总糖、总黄酮含量具有显著相关性。同时野生远志的乙酰胆碱抑制能力最好，其次为黄黏土远志，总皂苷与乙酰胆碱抑制能力呈正相关。结论 不同生长环境远志的有效成分含量、抗氧化抗炎能力及乙酰胆...     

草珊瑚GAP基地生态环境质量评价

目的对江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚种植基地生态环境质量进行评价。方法采用相关的文献方法对江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚GAP种植基地规划区环境空气、土壤环境和水资源进行评价。结果江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚GAP基地规划区大气质量标准达到GB30951996(环境空气标准)一级标准,土壤环境达GB156181995(土壤环境标准)一级标准,水资源达GB/T1484893(农田灌溉水质标准)一级标准,结论江西新干黎山林场草珊瑚GAP种植区环境质量良好,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求。     

甘肃当归GAP栽培的环境质量评价

目的对甘肃当归栽培基地的环境质量进行评价,为制定当归SOP和建立当归GAP栽培基地建设提供科学依据。方法采用文献法对当归栽培基地进行土壤环境、大气环境和水资源进行分析评价。结果当归栽培基地大气环境质量达GB3095-82(大气环境质量标准)一级标准,土壤环境达GB15618—1995(土壤环境质量标准)二级标准;水资源达GB5084—85(农田灌溉水质标准)的一类标准。结论当归栽培基地环境优良,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求。     

氮肥对药用植物生态系统中土壤及三级营养关系的影响及机制

氮肥作为植物包括药用植物栽培中施用频率最高的化肥,除了影响植物生长发育,还可以通过影响土壤及植物-植食性昆虫-天敌的三级营养关系,对生态系统产生复杂的调控作用.明确施氮对药用植物生态系统中土壤及各营养级间互作关系的影响,有助于提高药用植物对植食性昆虫的抗性、发挥天敌的自然控制力、增强药用植物生态系统功能.目前,研究大多...     

伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高低发区人体内外环境化学元素含量分析

目的从土壤中化学元素含量分布及人体组织中化学元素的富集规律,探讨伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高发与地球化学元素的关系,为新疆哈萨克族食管癌的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用GGX-6A型原子吸收分光光度计测定伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高发区新源县和低发区巩留县土壤和当地居民头发中铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、硒(Se)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)元素含量。结果 (1)新源县土壤中Fe、Cu、Mn、Mo、Cd和Pb元素含量高于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而Zn元素含量低于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)新源县居民头发中Cd元素含量高于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而Fe、Zn和Se元素含量低于巩留县,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)新源县与巩留县居民头发与土壤中化学元素丰度值曲线基本吻合,人体内环境与外环境密切相关。结论地球化学元素含量的差异性分布可能是伊犁地区哈萨克族食管癌高发的重要因素之一。     

HPLC测定农田土、腐殖土西洋参皂苷含量及对比与分析

目的: 以西洋参皂苷为指标,比较2种土壤环境种植西洋参皂苷的含量。方法: 采用药典方法提取西洋参皂苷,用紫外分光光度计测定总皂苷含量,HPLC测定8种单体皂苷的含量。结果: 2种土壤环境种植西洋参的总皂苷含量均>6%,腐殖土西洋参单体皂苷含量高于农田土西洋参单体皂苷含量。结论: 2种土壤西洋参总皂苷含量无明显差异;各单体皂苷中腐殖土西洋参Rc,Re含量略高于农田土西洋参。     

西红花专用肥对西红花球茎产量的影响研究

目的:西红花是一种名贵药材,具有较高的经济价值.长江流域是我国栽培西红花的理想地理区域,但是,由于我国人民5000年的长期的耕作,同时,一年四季的轮耕,土地得不到修养,土地日渐贫瘠.特别进入20世纪,大量使用化肥和农药,造成土地板结和污染,农作物产量和品质大幅下降.为了扭转这种局面,必须从根本上解决土地贫瘠和污染情况,...