桃红四物汤联合银杏酮酯滴丸治疗老年出血性玻璃体混浊的临床疗效研究

目的:探究桃红四物汤联合银杏酮酯滴丸治疗老年出血性玻璃体混浊的临床疗效。方法:收集2016年12月-2018年12月我院收治的老年出血性玻璃体混浊患者67例,共67眼,根据随机对照表分为对照组和试验组,其中试验组34例,对照组33例,对照组予以银杏酮酯滴丸;试验组在对照组的基础上联用桃红四物汤。两组均服用30 d。治疗结束后对比分析两组患者临床疗效、出血吸收时间、血液流变学及视网膜中央动脉血流动力学。结果:治疗后两组患者高切全血粘度、低切全血粘度、纤维蛋白原、阻力指数(Resistance Index,RI)低于治疗前,收缩期峰值速度(Peak Systolic Velocity,PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(End Diastolic Velocity,EDV)高于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后试验组临床总有效率、PSV、EDV高于对照组,出血吸收时间、高切全血粘度、低切全血粘度、纤维蛋白原、RI低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:桃红四物汤联合银杏酮酯滴丸治疗老年出血性玻璃体混浊临床疗效显著,适宜临床应用推广。     

玻璃体切割术前闪光视网膜电图与术后视力的关系

目的 :探讨玻璃体切割术前 F- ERG与术后视力的关系。方法 :对 5 0例行玻璃体切割手术的患者进行术前 F- ERG的测定 ,术后 2周对其视力进行测定 ,利用 SPSS软件包进行统计学处理。结果 :术前 F- ERG的 a波振幅与术后视力呈正相关 ;术前 F- ERG的 b波振幅与术后视力呈正相关 ;E值 ( E=La+ Lb/Aa+ Ab)与术后视力呈负相关 ;E小于等于 3.0者与 E大于 3.0组术后视力差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :玻璃体切割术前进行正确的 F- ERG分析 ,有助于玻璃体切割术后视力的预测。     

透明质酸钠玻璃体腔内充填在严重开放性眼球损伤治疗中的应用

目的 研究透明质酸钠玻璃体腔内充填对严重开放性眼球损伤预后的影响。方法 在严重开放性眼球损伤一期手术缝合后玻璃体腔内充填透明质酸钠至眼压Tn。结果 用透明质酸钠在玻璃体腔内充填，眼球萎缩的发生率（6．67％）明显低于用BSS液充填的发生率（70．58％）。结论 透明质酸钠玻璃体腔内充填在严重开放性眼球损伤治疗中的应用对眼球外形维持和视功能恢复有重要作用。     

Myelinated fiber regeneration after crush injury is retarded in sciatic nerves of aging mice

To compare nerve regeneration in young adult and aging mice, the right sciatic nerves of 6- and 24-month-old mice were crushed at the sciatic notch. Two weeks later, both groups of mice were perfused with an aldehyde solution, and, after additional fixation, the sciatic nerves were processed so that the transverse sections of each nerve subsequently studied by light and electron microscopy included the entire posterior tibial fascicle 5 mm distal to the crush site. The same level was sectioned in unoperated contralateral nerves; these nerves served as controls. Electron micrographs and the Bioquant Image Analysis System IV were used to measure areas of posterior tibial fascicles and count the number of myelinated axons, the number of unmyelinated axons, and their frequency in Schwann cell units. In aging mice, the total number of regenerating myelinated axons was significantly reduced, but totals of regenerating unmyelinated axons in aging and young adults did not differ significantly. In aging mice, the frequency of Schwann cells that contained a single unmyelinated axon was greater, suggesting that before myelination began, Schwann cell ensheathment of axons also was slowed. After axotomy by a crush injury, the area of the posterior tibial fascicle was less than that in young adults and the distal disintegration of myelin sheath remnants also appeared to be retarded. The results indicate that responses of neurons, axons, and Schwann cells could be important in slowing the regeneration of myelinated fibers found in sciatic nerves from aging mice.     

开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的手术治疗

①目的 探讨现代玻璃体手术对开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的治疗效果。②方法 对108例开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血的病人，于伤后2～4周施行玻璃体切割置换术(单纯玻璃体切割术24例，联合晶体切割84例，联合视网膜手术76例)。③结果 术后经随访2周～18个月，48例达功能治愈，36例达解剖治愈，总治愈率达77．7％。24例继发青光眼者眼压控制在1．37～2．24kPa。④结论 适时地施行玻璃体切割置换术，可很大程度地改善开放性眼外伤玻璃体积血病人的预后，对有效防治外伤性玻璃体视网膜病变以及牵引性视网膜脱离等具有重要作用。     

Changing glial organization relates to changing fiber order in the developing optic nerve of ferrets

The structures of the developing eye-stalk and the relationships of early retinofugal fibers as they pass through the stalk, chiasm, and tract have been studied by light and electron microscopical methods in fetal ferrets aged 23–27 days. The early eye-stalk can be divided into two parts: a narrow extracranial part has a narrow lumen and is lined by few cells, whereas a thicker intracranial part has a wider lumen and is lined by several rows of cells. At the earliest stages no axon bundles are recognizable in the stalk, but fibers of the supraoptic commissure are already beginning to cross the midline in the diencephalon. Subsequently, as retinofugal axons invade the stalk, the glia of the extracranial part of the stalk have an interfascicular distribution and axon bundles are separately encircled by glial cytoplasm. In the intracranial part, as in the chiasm and tract, the glial cells occupy a periventricular position and send slender radial cytoplasmic processes to the subpial surface; these pass between groups of axons that here lie immediately deep to the subpial glia. Whereas axonal growth cones have no evident preferred distribution in the extracranial stalk, they tend to accumulate near the pial surface intracranially. The boundary between the two types of organization shifts as development proceeds so that the interfascicular glial structure of the early extracranial stalk first encroaches upon the intracranial parts and later appears in the chiasm. The characteristic adult arrangement of fibers in an age-related order in the optic chiasm and tract, but not in the optic nerve, can be understood if axonal growth cones are guided toward the pial surface by radial glia but not by interfascicular glia. From the distribution of the growth cones, this is what appears to happen.     

玻璃体切除术治疗视网膜静脉阻塞所致的玻璃体出血

报告应闭合式玻璃体切除术治疗７例（７眼）因视网膜静脉阻塞所致的玻璃体出血。所有病人术后眼底清晰可见，视力明显提高。术后４例出现再出血，经药物治疗后出血吸收，加用氩离子激光视网膜光凝，无再出血。随访３至１８个月所有病人无新生血管性青光眼及牵引性视网膜脱离出现。认为玻璃体切除术不但能使屈光间质恢复透明，视力提高，预防牵引性视网膜脱离，而且为明确诊断和进一步激光治疗提供条件。     

双波长等吸收紫外分光法测定玻璃体内苏拉明浓度

[目的]设计并论证检测玻璃体内苏拉明质量浓度的双波长等吸收紫外分光法.[方法]25只白兔摘除眼球冷冻后获取玻璃体,经过匀浆、沉淀、稀释等系列预处理后首先检验正常兔眼玻璃体个体差异性及紫外分光法测定玻璃体内苏拉明浓度的方法学特异性.接着建立标准曲线方程,考察检测方法的精密度和准确度,确立最低检测定量限,最后检测苏拉明在玻璃体内的样品稳定性.[结果]选取261 nm和269 nm两波长,全部6个个体及混合玻璃体的吸光值差△A(A261-A269)介于±0.002之间;外加高、低浓度苏拉明的曲线以及实际注药的高、低浓度苏拉明曲线与空白玻璃体的曲线走势一致且位于其上,各曲线的波峰波谷位置未见偏移;标准曲线方程为y=4 234 x 2,r=0.999 1;次低、中浓度、次高标准浓度点的日内相对标准差(RSD)分别为13.16%、9\67%、10.35%,日间RSD分别为17.59%、10.09%、11.11%,相对回收率分别为:(95.89±0.08)%、(96.69±0.07)%、(97.43±0.01)%;设计标准曲线的最低质量浓度45μg/mL;其日内、日间相对标准差分别为14.14%、15.94%,检验回收率为(94.92±0.01)%;常温组样品,8 h及以内稳定性尚好,之后不稳定.低温组及3次冻融组稳定性良好.[结论]在给定条件下,白兔玻璃体的个体差异可以忽略,双波长等吸收紫外分光法检测玻璃体内苏拉明浓度的方法学特异性好,精确度、准确度、灵敏度和样品稳定性符合规定要求,因此用该方法测定的玻璃体内药物浓度结果可靠.     

活性炭纤维在地方性氟中毒方面的应用展望

介绍了活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦｓ）的制造，特性及其应用。它具有优异的结耕与性能特征。含碳量高，比表面积大，微孔丰富，从而吸附力强，而且活性炭纤维还可制成纱、布、毡等形状，它可用于去除燃煤氟中毒区室内空气中氟化氢、二氧化硫、氧化氮、氨等污染物，利用它的高吸附性能还可较好的去除饮水中的氟化物及其他有害物质。活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料。在氟中毒防治方面有广阔的前途。